ABSTRACT The trend of expansion of democracy around the globe has been largely increased in the post-Cold War era due to the domestic struggles and dynamics of international system. Not only international conditions, but also democracy promotion activities of international community have influenced this trend. These activities include assistance, guidance and advice provided by the international players. In this regard, this thesis aims to highlight international dimension of democratization. This thesis analyzes the role of the European Union (EU) in the democratization process of Georgia. The EU has become an international actor, promoting democracy and human rights since the 1990s. The EU&rsquo / s contribution to the consolidation of democracy in Central and Eastern Europe through enlargement policy has been regarded valuable in the literature of democratization. In this context, this thesis chooses Georgia as a case study since Georgia / an ex-Soviet country has successfully managed to consolidate its regime change with the Rose Revolution. Besides, the Revolution has trigged the inclusion of the country and South Caucasus to the new Neighborhood Policy of the EU (ENP). This policy has welcomed in Georgia and has overlapped with the EU&rsquo / s increasing interest in the region and European orientation of Georgia. This study seeks to find out the extent to which EU can contribute democratic consolidation in Georgia within the ENP. The basic conclusion of this thesis is that the success of the ENP will depend on the limitations and deficiencies of the ENP together with the peculiarities of the region and the ability of the EU.

<p>The purpose of this study is twofold: First, to inquire how the George W. Bush administration plans to keep America safe from external threats and second – based on the assumption that neoconservatives have influenced the Bush administration – examine how neoconservative ideas have influenced this strategy to protect America. The research questions are as follows:</p><p>What is the content of the Bush administration’s security strategy?</p><p>How are neoconservative ideas reflected in this security strategy?</p><p>To answer the first question, the main points of two studied documents were summarized. The summarized documents were the two versions of the National Security Strategy of the United States of America that the George W Bush administration has released during its tenure. These documents state the official security strategy of the United States and give a general view over the threats against America and how the administration plans to deal with these threats. To answer the second question the author studied literature about neoconservatism and gained valuable knowledge about the neoconservatives, which resulted in the creation of an analyzing instrument. This analyzing instrument was later applied on the empirical material that was gathered by answering the first question and in turn answered the second question.</p><p>The result of the study is that the Bush administration believes that by spreading freedom and fighting tyranny around the world, America will become safer. To accomplish this, the administration will employ the full array of political, economic, diplomatic and other tools at their disposal. Neoconservative influences on the strategy were found repeatedly – one of the most obvious influences being the administration’s adoption of the principle of preemptive strikes against enemies.</p>

A la fin de la Guerre froide, la promotion de la démocratie s’est consolidée en tant que thème au-delà des frontières nationales, ce qui impliqua de revoir les paradigmes traditionnels des relations internationales et engendra de profondes controverses. Le contenu de ce que l’on nomme démocratie est ainsi formé de positionnements idéologiques différents, voire parfois opposés, entre les acteurs internationaux. Dans la société internationale, la conception spécifique de démocratie libérale représentative prévaut néanmoins en tant que produit politique occidental. En Amérique latine, un locus construit sur la base de paramètres politiques représentés par des catégories qui ne lui sont pas nécessairement propres. Cette discussion prend ainsi des contours très particuliers du fait de la construction historique de la région et de la superposition des accords et arrangements multilatéraux régionaux. Ces arrangements – OEA, Mercosur, Unasur, SICA, CAN et ALBA – créèrent, tout au long des années 90, des cadres normatifs qui traitent du régime politique de leurs États membres. L’Amérique latine possède ainsi un ensemble très dense de directives établi par l’adoption de normes concrètes qui mettent en œuvre cet impératif lorsque des crises politiques surviennent dans des pays de cette région. Le contenu de ce corps normatif varie selon l’arrangement analysé, le type de crise auquel il faut faire face et le gouvernement qui fait l’objet des mesures proposées. La complexité de la scène politique régionale se reflète ainsi dans le phénomène de promotion de la démocratie. / With the end of the Cold War, the promotion of democracy has established itself as a theme beyond national boundaries, implying a review of traditional paradigms of international relations and leading to deep controversy. This is a consequence of the fact that the content of what is named as democracy is filled from ideological positions that differ, sometimes vastly, among international actors. Nevertheless, it still prevails in international society a specific conception of democracy, namely, the representative liberal, product of Western political development. In Latin America, locus that is built having as political parameters categories that were necessarily created locally, this discussion gets very specific contours due to both the historical construction of the region and to the existence of overlapping regional multilateral arrangements. These arrangements - OAS, Mercosur, Unasur, SICA, CAN and ALBA - created, throughout the 1990s, regulatory frameworks to deal with the political system of its member states. As a result, Latin America has a dense set of guidelines established with the adoption of general rules, which relate to the need to maintain democratic regimes, and specific rules, that operationalize this imperative when political crises hit the region. The content of this regulatory framework varies depending on the arrangement analyzed, the crisis type and the government object to the measures proposed, reflecting, in the phenomenon of promotion of democracy, the complexity of the regional political scene.

Essa pesquisa pretende analisar as políticas diplomáticas de promoção da democracia dos Estados Unidos para a América Latina a partir de dois casos específicos: o autogolpe no Peru, em 1992, e o \'golpe institucional\' em Honduras no ano 2009. Em ambas as ocasiões os Estados Unidos se manifestaram em favor da restauração da ordem constitucional democrática e agiram de forma coordenada com a Organização dos Estados Americanos para a aplicação dos mecanismos de defesa da democracia previstos em seu quadro normativo, isto é , a Resolução 1080, substituída em 2001 pela Carta Democrática Interamericana. O construtivismo tal como proposto por Kratochwil consiste no referencial teórico que orienta essa pesquisa. / This research intends to analyze the United States diplomatic policy of democracy promotion to Latin American in two specific contexts: Peru\'s autogolpe in 1992, and Hondura\'s \'institutional coup\' in 2009. On both occasions, the United States acted in favor of restoring the democratic and constitutional order and work in coordination with the Organization of American States to implement its mechanisms to defende democracy set out in its legal framework, that is, Resolution 1080, replaced in 2001 by the Inter-American Democratic Charter. Constructivism as proposed by Friedrich Kratochwil consists on the theoretical framework that guides this research.

Cette thèse doctorale porte sur la promotion de la démocratie par l’Union Européenne (UE) dans ce qui est défini comme son ‘voisinage’, selon le point de vue de la théorie politique normative. A cet effet, ces travaux théorisent les fondations philosophiques de la valeur de la démocratie (chapitre 1), décrivent les activités de promotion de la démocratie par l’UE dans son voisinage (chapitre 2), développent une théorie normative générale de la promotion de la démocratie (chapitre 3), l’appliquent à la promotion de la démocratie par l’UE (chapitre 4) et confrontent cette promotion de la démocratie par l’UE à leur propres standards normatifs (chapitre 5). / This dissertation examines EU democracy promotion in what it defines as its ‘neighbourhood’ from the perspective of normative political theory. To that end, it theorises the philosophical foundations of the value of democracy (chapter one); describes the substance of EU democracy promotion in the neighbourhood (chapter two); develops a general normative theory of democracy promotion (chapter three); applies this to EU democracy promotion (chapter four); and tests EU democracy promotion to its own normative standards (chapterfive).

CHARLES UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Institute of Political Studies Department of International Relations Master's Thesis 2018 Sarah Ahmed CHARLES UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Institute of Political Studies Department of International Relations The Activity of Organizations Supporting Civil Society in the Middle East: The Cases of Egypt and Turkey Master's thesis Author: Sarah Ahmed Study programme: International Relations Supervisor: PhDr. Jan Hornát, Ph.D. Year of the defence: 2018 Declaration 1. I hereby declare that I have compiled this thesis using the listed literature and resources only. 2. I hereby declare that my thesis has not been used to gain any other academic title. 3. I fully agree to my work being used for study and scientific purposes. In Prague on 31.07.2018 Sarah Ahmed References AHMED, Sarah. The Activity of Organizations Supporting Civil Society in the Middle East. Praha, 2018. 106 pages. Master's thesis (Mgr.). Charles University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of International Relations. Department of International Relations. Supervisor PhDr. Jan Hornát, Ph.D. Length of the thesis: 198,979 Characters. Abstract First, this thesis will be focused on democracy promotion and civil society as concepts that emerged and occupied a large scholarly literature. I deem...

With the present level of poverty, growing inequality and the inability to provide public goods, some developing countries to an extent have turned to CSOs as an alternative solution for the much-needed sustenance. This study examines the contribution of CSOs in development and is carried out in Cameroon against the backdrop of inadequate infrastructures, low household income, generalized poverty and tense political atmosphere that could trigger inclusive policies and practices to enable peace and development prevail. In as much as the debate on the legitimacy, representativeness and the shrinking spaces of CSOs remains, this research addresses the role of CSOs in the development process of Cameroon and argues that within the context of poverty alleviation, climate change and democracy promotion CSOs can be active partners in development. For, when the state-centred approach to development fails or becomes inadequate, the acknowledgement that non-state actors can play a vital and indispensable role in the development dispensation of countries becomes an option for consideration. In developing my argument, two theories inherent within the Civil society scholarship, political participation and participatory development were applied to demonstrate how CSOs participate, the kind of relationship existing between CSOs, the state and the private sector for meaningful development to prevail was explored and analysed. Findings indicate, CSOs to an extent, significantly participate in enhancing development despite some constraints. The study was carried out as a qualitative abductive case study using remote qualitative interviews. The raison d’etre for the use of remote interviews was as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic and has been explained appropriately in the qualitative design method. However, other sources of data explored for the fulfilment of the thesis included documentation from secondary sources, grey literature, CSOs, government and international organisations documentations. Empirically this study draws from existing literature especially from Cameroon and Peace and development studies. / <p>Thesis Presentation </p>

The thesis is a qualitative case study which examines how International Organizations promote democracy and the Ghanaians views and experiences of the process. The case study is a Minor Field Study conducted in Accra, Ghana during two months through semi-structured interviews and the collection of secondary sources such as literature, UN documents, journal articles and internet sources. The theoretical discussion has its starting point in a theoretical framework of democracy. The aim of the case study is to make visible the Ghanaians perceptions of IOs democracy promotion and the issues that are included in it. This study concludes that IOs need to revise their methods of democracy promotion and determination of democracies through more focus on the time between elections. Furthermore it highlights the importance to separate economic and democratic development and investigate the time between elections in the process.

<p>By their very nature, attempts by civil society organizations to promote democracy abroad involve cooperation and contact across the borders of nation states. The dissemination of the ideas and practices of the promoters is often essential; in the case of Swedish democracy promotion, popular education or folkbildning has been important.</p><p>This thesis investigates the dissemination of ideas and practices by civil society organizations in Sweden and Estonia in the field of popular education. More specifically, a number of projects run by member organizations of the Swedish study association ABF (Workers’ Educational Association) and member organizations of the Estonian AHL (Open Education Association) are studied. These projects are also part of democracy-promoting activities whose funding comes mainly from Swedish donor agencies. The thesis aims to understand not only what has been spread but also how ideas and practices have been translated to fit the Estonian context. The primary theoretical concept used is therefore translation, even though one aim of the thesis is to systematize the field of study concerning processes of dissemination and to enrich the concept of translation with the aid of previous work on diffusion and socialization.</p><p>The main contribution of the thesis consists of the in-depth study of cooperation between Swedish and Estonian popular education organizations. It also contributes to the theoretical development of the concept of translation by identifying different phases in this kind of process and important elements of these phases. Popular education is an important part of Swedish democracy promotion and this study also contributes to this rather undertheorized subject, and also to the discussions of transnational civil society cooperation, by demonstrating an analytical framework that can be of use in future research into these issues.</p>

By their very nature, attempts by civil society organizations to promote democracy abroad involve cooperation and contact across the borders of nation states. The dissemination of the ideas and practices of the promoters is often essential; in the case of Swedish democracy promotion, popular education or folkbildning has been important. This thesis investigates the dissemination of ideas and practices by civil society organizations in Sweden and Estonia in the field of popular education. More specifically, a number of projects run by member organizations of the Swedish study association ABF (Workers’ Educational Association) and member organizations of the Estonian AHL (Open Education Association) are studied. These projects are also part of democracy-promoting activities whose funding comes mainly from Swedish donor agencies. The thesis aims to understand not only what has been spread but also how ideas and practices have been translated to fit the Estonian context. The primary theoretical concept used is therefore translation, even though one aim of the thesis is to systematize the field of study concerning processes of dissemination and to enrich the concept of translation with the aid of previous work on diffusion and socialization. The main contribution of the thesis consists of the in-depth study of cooperation between Swedish and Estonian popular education organizations. It also contributes to the theoretical development of the concept of translation by identifying different phases in this kind of process and important elements of these phases. Popular education is an important part of Swedish democracy promotion and this study also contributes to this rather undertheorized subject, and also to the discussions of transnational civil society cooperation, by demonstrating an analytical framework that can be of use in future research into these issues.