No description available.

No description available.

In this work I have been looking at three small everyday sites that can tell big and unexpected stories of how we live together. These sites appear unremarkable at first glance, but on a second look are filled with contradictions and conflicts of interest. I speculate that these marginalised sites operate like “architectural footnotes” helping break the tempo, rhythm and tone of the city while expanding the scope of the narrative beyond the local and specific reading. I’m interested in how we can make sense of the city and critique it in a meaningful way when it appears so fragmented and seems impossible to define in single terms. I have been testing different approaches ranging from surveying, counting, measuring and mapping, to model making, interviews, drawing, film-making and texts. I have been interested in how these diverse methods can help me understand the city in different ways and what they do when used together.In part one: A Fence I investigate a trend towards the increasing enclosure of private courtyard/gardens and the severing of established pathways that are incredibly important for navigating the area. This led to questioning how ground-floor habitation, different forms of tenure, and regulation, affects public access and passage in the area.In part two: A Drinking Fountain I attempted to map the defunct drinking fountains in Stockholm and trace the origin of their (ubiquitous) design. Instead of finding fountains, however, I found a vacuum of responsibility, and questions were raised around why some infrastructures are more important than others and how shared/societal needs seem to have been increasingly privatised. In part three: Some Planting I looked at a recently built area of “urban-community-farming” in the middle of local park. Here tensions between the public, private and common are brought to the fore, questioning how attempts towards more local and participatory democratic processes affect rights of access to, and use of, public spaces, around flexibility and durability, and how we balance short term demands with long term visions.When seen together these “footnotes” can describe a trend towards withdrawal of the state and municipality through the dismantling of infrastructures, deregulation and outsourcing, resulting in an increasingly individualistic and privatised city. This is perhaps unsurprising in itself, but the work that comes out of these sites has helped reveal (to me at least) some of the surprising ways in which this has happened and continues to do so (albeit in different forms) and how this affects the ways in which we inhabit the everyday city.

Bostadspolitiken har länge varit en het fråga i samhället. Att det är svårt att få ett boende i form av ett förstahandskontrakt i Sveriges storstadsregioner har nog ingen missat. Efter det senaste regeringsvalet skrev Socialdemokraterna, Miljöpartiet, Liberalerna och Centerpartier under ett 73-punktsprogram där man bland annat tagit fram reformförslag för hyresmarknaden. Det finns många studier om hur hyressystemet i Sverige har bidragit till den bostadssituation vi har idag. Däremot är förslagen i januariöverenskommelsen nya och därför är syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur och om förslagen som presenteras i punkt 44 i januariöverenskommelsen kommer påverka hyresmarknaden. Arbetet har grundats på följande frågeställningar: Hur ställer sig aktörer på bostadsmarknaden till reformförslagen i januariöverenskommelsen? Kan en friare hyressättning öka byggvolymen av nyproducerade hyresrätter? Behövs det en hyresreform? Uppsatsen tydliggör att det rådande bruksvärdessystemet är illa anpassat för dagens bostadsmarknad och ger upphov till inlåsningseffekter. Av intervjuerna framgår det att alla respondenter är ense om att det råder en bostadsbrist i landet men hur den ska lösas finns det skilda meningar om. Representanter från den privata hyressektorn välkomnar förslagen i januariavtalet, i stort, eftersom man ser det som en möjlighet att förädla produkten (hyresrätten). Samtidigt finns det en tveksamhet till avtalets genomslagskraft bland samtliga aktörer. Det råder en osäkerhet bland hyresgästorganisationer och representanter för det allmännyttiga hyresbeståndet. De menar att förslagen kan göra hyresförhandlingarna snårigare och att hyresgästens roll försämras gentemot hyresvärden. I studien konstaterar vi att en fri hyressättning i nyproduktion med största sannolikhet inte kommer leda till en ökad byggvolym av hyresrätter. Det blir också tydligt i slutsatsen att det är svårt att förutspå vilka effekter förslagen i punkt 44 kommer få. Under tiden den här uppsatsen skrivs är reformförslagen innebörd inte tydligt definierade och under utredning. 5 Fortsatt forskning inom området uppmuntras. Däribland behöver man studera konsekvenserna av förslagen när utredningarna är klara och det inte finns någon osäkerhet i vad punkterna innebär. Det bör också forskas om konsekvenserna av en fri hyressättning i nyproduktions inverkan på det bruksvärdessatta beståndet. / Housing politics has been a hot topic for a long time in the general discourse. No one will have missed that it is currently hard to get a first-hand contract to a rental apartment in the major cities of Sweden. After the last election, an agreement was made between the Socialdemokraterna, Miljöpartiet, Liberalerna and Centerpartiet consisting of 73 points. The agreement involved propositions to reform the rental market. A lot has been written about the rental setting system in Sweden and how it has contributed to the current living situation. However, the propositions in the January agreement are new and therefore the purpose of this paper is to research how, and if, the 44 th point in the agreement will affect the rental market. The main focus of the project has been to answer the following questions; What are the actors, on the rental market, views of the propositions in the January agreement? Will a deregulation of rents in newly constructed buildings increase building rates? Is there a need for a reformation of the rental system? The paper sheds light on the current "use-value-system" (bruksvärdessystemet) and that it is, in its present adaption, ill-fitted to the housing market and generates lock-in effects. The results held from the interviews show that all actors are in agreement. There is a housing shortage. However, their opinions on how it is best solved differ. The actors representing the private sector welcomes the suggestions. Mainly because it gives opportunity to refine the product or rental property. Meanwhile, there is uncertainty in the impact of the propositions among the actors. Furthermore, there is an uncertainty among the actors representing the tenants and public housing stock. They think the propositions will make the rental negotiations more complicated and the already weak position of the tenants will worsen. Our results show that a deregulation of the new constructions will most likely not increase building volumes. It is also made clear that it is hard to predict what the January agreement will entail since the propositions are not clearly stated. 3 We encourage further research within the subject. Mainly focusing on the consequences of the January agreement, once the ongoing investigation is done and the actual measures suggested, are made clear. Research should also be made on what effect a deregulation of the new construction stock will have on the use-value-stock.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(経済学) / 甲第24961号 / 経博第675号 / 新制||経||304(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院経済学研究科経済学専攻 / (主査)教授 黒澤 隆文, 准教授 IVINGS Steven, 教授 坂出 健, 教授 Stokes Ray / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Economics / Kyoto University / DFAM

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Due to a variety of political, economic, and technological factors, many national electricity industries around the globe are transforming from non-competitive monopolies with centralized systems to decentralized operations with competitive business units. This process, commonly referred to as deregulation (or liberalization) is driven by the belief that a monopolistic industry fails to achieve economic efficiency for consumers over the long run. Deregulation has occurred in a number of industries such as: aviation, natural gas, transportation, and telecommunications. The most recent movement involving the deregulation of the electricity marketplace is expected to yield consumer benefit as well. To facilitate deregulation of the electricity marketplace, competitive business units must be established to manage various functions and services independently. In addition, these business units must be given physical property rights for certain parts of the transmission and distribution network in order to provide reliable service and make effective business decisions. However, partitioning a physical power grid into economically viable districts involves many considerations. We refer to this complex problem as the electrical power districting problem. This research is intended to identify the necessary and fundamental characteristics to appropriately model and solve an electrical power districting problem. Specifically, the objectives of this research are five-fold. First, to identify the issues relevant to electrical power districting problems. Second, to investigate the similarities and differences of electrical power districting problems with other districting problems published in the research literature. Third, to develop and recommend an appropriate solution methodology for electrical power districting problems. Fourth, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution method for a specific case of electric power districting in the Republic of Ghana, with data provided by the World Bank. Finally, to develop a decision support system for the decision makers at the World Bank for solving Ghana's electrical power districting problem. / Ph. D.