A graph G is domination bicritical if the removal of any pair of vertices decreases the domination number. Properties of bicritical graphs are studied. We show that a connected bicritical graph has domination number at least 3, minimum degree at least 3, and edge-connectivity at least 2. Ways of constructing a bicritical graph from smaller bicritical graphs are presented.

There is increasing attention to the security challenges of IT-OT networks. Mitigating these challenges needs sophisticated methods to secure such networks, especially by securing access to the network. One valuable strategy that provides security to the network access level is Port-Based Authentication. Any authentication method within the IEEE 802.1x that can be adapted to current network complexity to minimize the attack surface related to the network access level is an area of interest. RADIUS has been a well-known leading protocol for a few decades while Diameter is newly developed from RADIUS as an unknown protocol; there is a lack of resources on the practical level. This thesis analyzes and evaluates RADIUS & Diameter protocols regarding authentication timeand their functionalities. The hardware used for the implementation phase consists of two Raspberry Pi as a server and supplicant, one IEEE 8021.x supporting switch (Ubiquity EdgeSwitch 24 Lite) and two Virtual Machinesalong with the software freeRADIUS & freeDiameter. Analyzing the fact for each protocol by literature study and the implementation result of this thesis, Diameter protocol requires more time to process the authentication than RADIUS. However, there were issues on the implementation that have affected the measurement of authentication time for Diameter. Based on the results, Diameter provides reliability, scalability, and more security than RADIUS. RADIUS shows a stable authentication time as promised. The RADIUS protocol is easy to implement and provides stable authentication, while Diameter still needs more software and documentation improvements.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第19027号 / 農博第2105号 / 新制||農||1030(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H27||N4909(農学部図書室) / 31978 / 京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻 / (主査)教授 大澤 晃, 教授 髙部 圭司, 教授 北島 薫 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Trunk height, diameter, and stomatal conductance measurements were taken over a three-year time frame on clonal red maple cultivars [Acer rubrum ‘Frank Jr’] on two sites with varying conditions. Physiological and morphological effects on tree growth were measured on both sites in response to Pneumatic Fracturing (PF) and Liquid Injection (LI) treatments. The primary questions asked in study one were: (1) Does stomatal conductance differ among the two sites during mid-summer? and (2) Do height and diameter measures differ among the two sites? In study two, I asked: (1) Do height, diameter and stomatal conductance differ between site modification treatments within each site? Control samples on the Site 2 had significantly more growth than the controls on the Site 1. PF and LI treatments showed significantly more diameter growth on the Site 1 while a significant difference was also seen in stomatal conductance following treatments on Site 1.

Red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) is a commercially and ecologically important conifer species that primarily exists at northern latitudes of eastern North America. During the last glaciation, its range extended down the Appalachian Mountain chain into North Carolina and Tennessee. Since the planet warmed over the subsequent millennia, only small, sky-island populations remain at the highest peaks of the southern Appalachians where their habitat continues to be threatened by a warming climate. While they have been recognized for the rare wildlife habitat they provide in the region, these populations remain understudied. This thesis aimed to provide additional quantitative methods for managing red spruce stands through regionally fitted stem taper equations and to examine differences in stem form between the northern and southern populations of red spruce. In Chapter 1, five stem taper equations were evaluated for their ability to predict upper stem diameters and total volume in southern Appalachian red spruce: a simple linear, a quadratic polynomial, a segmented, a variable exponent, and a geometric model. Based on past studies and our results, we found that the best equations to use were the variable exponent and segmented polynomial models. Users should consider their own objectives and practical limitations in choosing which equation to use. In Chapter 2, we examined differences in stem form using three methods: a sectional rate of change in diameter, a sectional form class ratio, and a region variable added to two taper equations. The results were mixed, with the rates of change showing significant differences (p<0.05), but the form class ratios showing a mix of significant and insignificant differences. The two equations also had contrasting significance results. This made it unclear whether there were significant differences in stem form between the two populations but supported the idea that localized taper equations would provide the best results. / Master of Science / Red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) is a conifer native to eastern North America. It primarily exists in cold, moist climates found in the northeastern US and eastern Canada. Additionally, remnant populations of red spruce exist along the highest peaks of the Appalachian Mountains southward into North Carolina and Tennessee. These trees have been separated from northern red spruce populations for thousands of years and subjected to different growing conditions at high elevations that may have affected their stem characteristics. Stem taper is the rate at which the diameter of a tree's stem changes from the ground to the tip. Many equations have been developed to estimate diameters throughout the stem using simple measurements like total height and diameter at breast height (1.37 m or 4.5 ft). These equations can be used to estimate diameters, heights, and volumes of trees which is helpful for valuing trees for wood production, carbon accounting, or wildlife habitat. Stem taper can vary among species and within a species, so tailoring equations to local populations is important for obtaining the most accurate estimates. Currently, there are no known taper equations fitted specifically for these red spruce trees in the southern Appalachians. This thesis aimed to develop stem taper equations specific to this population of trees and to analyze whether the stem forms of southern red spruce trees differed from their northern counterparts. The results showed that there is evidence both for and against the hypothesis that these populations have different stem forms, and further research is necessary to confirm differences. We also showed that a variable exponent equation and a segmented polynomial equation provided the most accurate estimates of diameter and volume for the southern spruce populations.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Although paclitaxel is a commonly used anti-neoplastic agent for the treatment of solid tumors, therapy often results in a number of side effects, the most debilitating of which is peripheral neuropathy. Peripheral neuropathy is defined as a pathology of peripheral nerves, and, depending on the type of nerves damaged, the neuropathy can be classified as sensory, motor, or autonomic neuropathy. In the case of peripheral neuropathy induced by paclitaxel, the symptoms are experienced in the extremities and are sensory in nature. Patients undergoing chemotherapy with paclitaxel often report sensory disturbances such as burning, tingling, numbness, a diminished sensation to pain and temperature, loss of vibration sense, loss of proprioception, and loss of deep tendon reflexes. Electrophysiological abnormalities including decreased sensory nerve action potential amplitude and conduction confirm damage to large myelinated fibers. However, the involvement of damage to small diameter sensory neurons in the etiology of paclitaxel – induced peripheral neuropathy is still controversial. Therefore, experiments were performed to determine if paclitaxel alters the function of small diameter sensory neurons and to examine the mechanisms responsible for the change in function. vi Sensory neuron mediated vasodilatation in paclitaxel – injected animals was examined as an indirect measure of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) release and therefore of sensory neuron function. CGRP release was also directly measured from central terminals in the spinal cord. To examine mechanisms of paclitaxel – induced sensory neuron damage, CGRP release and neurite length was examined in paclitaxel – treated sensory neurons in culture. The results demonstrate that (1) paclitaxel decreases the ability of small diameter sensory neurons to produce an increase in blood flow in the skin; (2) paclitaxel alters the release of CGRP from the small diameter sensory neurons; (3) paclitaxel causes the neuronal processes of isolated sensory neurons to degenerate. This dissertation provides novel information showing that paclitaxel alters the function of small diameter sensory neurons and thus provides a better understanding of the mechanisms mediating the sensory disturbances characteristic of peripheral neuropathy resulting from chemotherapy with paclitaxel.

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Much research has been done to study the effects of spacing in laterally loaded pile groups and how the pile spacing affects lateral resistance of the piles. In this test a 9-pile group of steel piles was installed in a 3x3 configuration in sand. The piles were spaced from center-to-center at a distance of 5.65 pile diameters in the direction of the load. The pile group was laterally loaded and instrumented to collect deflection, load, and strain data. A separate single pile was similarly instrumented and tested for comparison to the pile group. The soil profile consisted of a top layer of sand about 2.5 meters deep underlain by alternating layers of fine grained soil and sand. Analysis was done in order to determine p-multipliers for the rows in the pile group. The pile group consistently resisted lower average loads than those of the single pile at the same peak deflection. Row 1 resisted equal loads to those resisted by the single pile but Row 2 and Row 3 resisted smaller loads successively. The maximum bending moments were greatest in Row 1 and decreased successively in Row 2 and Row 3, however they occurred at the same depth for the same peak deflection. Maximum bending moments for the single pile were similar to those for Row 1 in the pile group at each deflection. Group effects were more significant at greater loads with larger deflections. Higher deflection caused increased shear zone interaction and a decrease in lateral resistance. The test on the single pile was modeled using the computer program LPILE Plus version 4.0 (Reese et al., 2000). The soil profile was calibrated by alternating the input soil parameters until the curves matched between the measured and the calculated results. The new soil profile was then used to model the test on the pile group using GROUP version 4.0 (Reese and Wang, 1996). A match was made between the measured test results and those calculated using GROUP by defining p-multipliers for each of the rows. For Cycle 1 the p-multipliers were found to be 1.0, .55, and .5 for Row 1 through Row 3 respectively. For Cycle 10 the p-multipliers were found to be the same as those for Cycle 1.

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