Careless Society: Drivers of (Un)Secure Passwords Thesis abstract Vojtěch Nedvěd May 2, 2021 Vulnerabilities related to poor cybersecurity are a dangerous global economic issue. This thesis aims to explain two examples of poor password management. First, why users use similar password and username and second, why they reuse their passwords, as the main drivers of this behaviour are unknown. We examined the effects of selected macroeconomic variables, gender, password length and password complexity. Additionally, this thesis suggest how to estimate sentiment in passwords using models build on Twitter posts. The results are verified on large password data, including password leaks from recent years. There are four main findings. First, a higher cybersecurity index and diversity of a password seem to be related to the lower similarity between a username and a password. Second, it seems that there are structural differences between countries and languages. Third, the sentiment seems to be a significant determinant too. Fourth, password reuse seems to be positively affected by the cybersecurity level. The thesis contributes to the study of password management. It proposes how to model the relationship, derive the data, split the passwords into words, model the sentiment of passwords, what variables might be...

L'objet de cette thèse est de pointer les difficultés rencontrées par le droit de la consommation lorsqu'il est confronté aux déséquilibres nés de l'usage des technologies de l'information, et de proposer des solutions cohérentes juridiquement et rationnelles sur le plan économique. Les terminaux connectés à l'internet deviennent de plus en plus nombreux. Le consommateur est amené à conclure régulièrement des contrats souvent très denses, aux enjeux difficiles à appréhender et presque systématiquement à dimension internationale. La matière de cette thèse est composée de tous les contrats conclus par le biais de l'internet à partir d'un terminal connecté, dont l'objet est une exécution totalement dématérialisée via les technologies de l'information. Ceci constitue l'économie numérique. Par le biais notamment de la règlementation relative aux clauses abusives, cette thèse s'intéressera particulièrement au sort des données à caractère personnel, à la géolocalisation, aux contenus protégés par la propriété intellectuelle et aux nombreuses restrictions d'utilisation dont ils font l'objet. Au travers de cette thèse, les insuffisances des différents corps de règles applicables aux contenus numériques (protection des données à caractère personnel, droit de la propriété intellectuelle, droit de la consommation) seront mises en évidence. Plusieurs propositions et synthèses seront envisagées au sein de cette thèse afin de remédier au mieux aux déséquilibres propres de l'économie numérique. / The aim of this Ph.D. is to highlight the difficulties encountered by Consumer law when it meets the use of information technologies, and to propose operating solutions in Law which might be rational under economy requirements. Connected devices become more and more common. The consumer is frequently asked to conclude very thick contracts, with stakes hard to comprehend and almost consistently with an international overture. The material of this Ph.D. is composed by all the contracts concluded through the internet from a connected device, whose object is a totally dematerialised execution via information technologies. This constitutes the digital economy. Thanks to the unfair terms regulation, this Ph.D. will focus on the becoming of personal data, the geolocation, the contents protected by Intellectual property and all the restrictions of use those contents are subjected to. Among this work, the deficiencies of the different rules applicable to digital contents (personal data protection, Intellectual property, Consumer law) will be emphasized. Many suggestions and reviews will be envisaged into this Ph.D. in order to solve to the best the specific unbalances of the digital economy.

This thesis demonstrates that, while generally seen as a non-democratic activity, lobbying should in fact be viewed as an important part of democratic policymaking, providing valuable input into law and policy, particularly in areas where expertise is at a premium. Constructing a theoretical model of democracy and using the field of intellectual property as a focal point, the role of private actors is examined across a series of case studies: the 2011 Hargreaves Review of Intellectual Property and Growth, the 2010 Digital Economy Act, and the proposed 2002 EU Computer Implemented Inventions Directive. Each case study is based upon a combination of secondary sources and the first-hand experiences of certain actors involved and in each case the lobbying activity is critically evaluated in light of the features and normative conditions of the democratic model. This study ultimately shows both the positive aspects and negative aspects of lobbying from a democratic viewpoint, noting that the importance of stakeholder input into the law and policy that will affect those stakeholders is essential. It also shows, however, that equality of access to, and influence over, policymakers is far from satisfactory and that until such inequalities can be resolved, lobbying cannot be fully justified under my model of democracy.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:00:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GUILHERME ABREU LIMA E PEREIRA.pdf: 373215 bytes, checksum: 55f98566aa90e191e50a1ed39b5da170 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-30 / The core question in this paper is to study the digital economy. The main differences between this one and the industrial economy are: the information is the main input and output; the network effect is more usual and the price competition is not anymore so relevant. In this sense, this study presents three levels of analyze: first level, more abstract, shows the information s specificities; second level, shows theoretical questions about network economy and competition; and, at last, in a concrete level, shows the Google s competition strategy, trying to observe the explanation power of the theories discussed. / A questão central da presente dissertação é o estudo da economia digital, que se distingue da economia industrial principalmente pelas seguintes características: a informação é o principal insumo e produto; as empresas operam em redes e a competição via preços não é a estratégia concorrencial predominante. Nesse sentido, o trabalho apresenta três níveis de análise: inicialmente, em um nível mais abstrato, são abordadas as especificidades da informação; em um nível intermediário de abstração são apresentadas questões teóricas relativas às economias de rede e à concorrência; e, por fim, em um nível concreto, discute-se a estratégia concorrencial da empresa Google, buscando testar o poder explicativo das teorias apresentadas.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyze the BEPS measures for the digital economy in connection with the relevant measures related to this sector of the economy. The first part of the thesis characterizes the digital sector and its key business models. The main risks in the field of direct and indirect taxation are described below. The second part of the thesis analyzes the BEPS special measures related to the digital economy sector as well as other measures related to the digital economy. The third part of the thesis describes measures for the digital sector within the framework of the Anti-BEPS initiative, which took place in the European Union. Describes measures under the ATAD Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive in three new areas not addressed by the BEPS project. This section also addresses the measures contained in the DAC Administrative Cooperation Directive and the EU Action Plan for Fair and Efficient Taxation of Corporate Income. The last chapter deals with the analysis of proposed solutions from the point of view of the Czech Republic. It models specific measures within a permanent establishment and withholding tax on the digital economy sector in the Czech Republic, specifically on the field of web hosting. The goal is to quantify the possible impact on tax collection from transactions falling within the web hosting business model.

La thèse porte sur le travail des joueurs dans l’industrie du jeu vidéo. S’appuyant sur des études de cas et un matériau empirique varié (enquêtes de terrain, entretiens, observation participante et non-participante, analyse de vidéo, données fournies par des entreprises du secteur), la thèse développe l’idée selon laquelle la rentabilité du secteur est liée à une forme particulière de capital intangible : le capital communautaire. La thèse décrit la manière dont le secteur est passé d’une industrie de produit à une industrie de service, qui met la relation entretenue entre l’entreprise et les joueurs et entre les joueurs eux-mêmes au cœur des stratégies de profit des firmes. La notion de communauté, omniprésente dans l’ensemble de l’enquête, est largement discutée. En nous appuyant sur les travaux autour du digital labor, et le retour de la question de l’exploitation par l’économie des conventions, l’hypothèse est formulée d’une mise au travail des joueurs. Puisque les différentes interactions des joueurs sont centrales dans la profitabilité des firmes, il nous semble qu’il faut intégrer ces actes comme faisant partie du processus de production de valeur. Nous observons ensuite à partir d’un travail de terrain de long-cours ces dispositifs de mise au travail au sein d’une entreprise leader du secteur. Enfin, à travers l’analyse du streaming sur la plateforme Twitch, nous montrons comment certains joueurs peuvent se professionnaliser et obtenir un revenu (parfois élevé), en gérant eux-aussi leur propre « communauté ». Le cadre d’analyse que nous proposons dépasse le seul cas du jeu vidéo, et nous espérons qu’il sera heuristique pour rendre compte des mutations que le numérique engendre, tant du côté du travail que du capital. / This thesis frames players' activities in the gaming industry as labor. Based on various qualitative date (field studies, observation, case studies, video analysis, sectoral data), the thesis proposes that firms profitability in the gaming industry is based on the constitution and exploitation of a specific form of intangible capital coined as communitarian capital. The shift from a product to a service industry is described, putting the relationship between the firm and its users and between users themselves at the forefront of firms profit. The concept of community is heavily discussed. Using a framework based on the digital labor theory as well as economics of conventions, the hypothesis of players' labor is formulated. Because players' interactions is so crucial to understanding contemporary business models in the gaming industry, the thesis integrates theses interactions as part of the value production process. The devices used by firms to extract value from players are thoroughly investigated during a long-term field study in a leading french firm of the sector. The thesis concludes by analyzing the case of the Twitch platform, on which some players professionaze and gain revenues by constituting and managing their own communities. The communitarian capital framework this thesis proposes can be applied beyond the case of the gaming industry, and aims at understanding mutations linked to the digital economy, both concerning labor and capital.

The subject of the thesis is the parallel digital economy created around the monetary innovation called Bitcoin and the interaction between this technology and its users. Bitcoin is a new kind of digital money and a payment system. Transactions are cryptographically verified by users and subsequently recorded in a publicly distributed account book called blockchain. Bitcoin, as an open-source project, has created a worldwide community of Internet-connected users who are further transforming this cryptocurrency by their specific use. Ethnographic research took place during the meetings of the community surrounding the Prague place called Parallel Polis in the period of years 2017-2018 and was subsequently extended to the "online" world. Bitcoin forms the intersection between technology and the economy, and therefore emphasis is placed on exploring the dynamics that this complex phenomenon creates. The work examines the social practices that actors are constantly shaping on the basis of their various motivations through their participation in Bitcoin and the complex ideas connected with it. It examines the visions, attitudes and practices of the "bitcoiners", who support the functioning of this system and allows its very own existence. These ideas are characterized by certain paradoxes and dilemmas...

The digital economy as a priority of the informatization strategy of the Russian economy for 2016–2022: by a resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation, an order was adopted to approve the Digital Economy of the Russian Federation program dated July 28, 2017. 70% of the document flow should be converted into electronic form for this period. The aim of the study is to develop measures for the development of remote access to banking services in order to increase the competitiveness of the Point bank. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the breadth of the introduction of innovative banking products was determined depending on the model of remote banking services adopted by the bank (hereinafter RBS), as well as ways to increase the competitiveness of the RBS system were identified. Based on a survey of employees and customers of 50 Russian banks (first half of 2019), it was determined that 2.70% of the banking sector of the Russian Federation is provided by the banking system. The emergence of a new business model of the bank reduces the cost of banking services and creates additional competitive advantages for customers. According to the map of strategic groups, the Tochka bank is a direct competitor of Sberbank in the field of banking and banking services. The effects of the introduction of RBS in the Point bank are: an increase in the productivity of managers working with clients; 40% reduction in maintenance costs; increase the availability of services. The recommendations are practical and implemented in the activities of the bank Point. / Цифровая экономика как приоритет стратегии информатизации российской экономики на 2016–2022 гг.: постановлением Правительством Российской Федерации было принято распоряжение на утверждение программы «Цифровая экономика Российской Федерации» от 28.07.2017. Документооборот на 70% должен быть переведен в электронный вид за этот период. Целью исследования является разработка мероприятий по развитию удаленного доступа к банковским услугам с целью повышения конкурентоспособности банка Точка. Научная новизна состоит в том, что была определена широта внедрения инновационных банковских продуктов в зависимости от принятой банком модели дистанционного банковского обслуживания (далее ДБО), а также определены способы повышения конкурентоспособности системы ДБО. На основании проведенного опроса сотрудников и клиентов 50 российских банков (первая половина 2019 года) было определено, что 2,70% банковского сектора РФ обеспечивают ДБО. Появление новой бизнес-модели банка снижает себестоимость банковских услуг и создает для клиентов дополнительные конкурентные преимущества. Согласно карте стратегических групп, банк Точка является прямым конкурентом Сбербанка в сфере ДБО. Эффектами от внедрения ДБО в банке Точка являются: увеличение производительности труда менеджеров по работе с клиентами; сокращение расходов на обслуживание на 40%; увеличение доступности услуг. Рекомендации носят практический характер и внедрены в деятельность банка Точка.

Структура магистерской диссертации включает в себя введение, три главы, заключение и библиографический список.В первой главе рассмотрены теоретические аспекты развития банковского сектора в условиях цифровой экономики.Во второй главе проведен сравнительный анализ цифровой трансформации банковского сектора.В третьей главе разработаныпредложения по трансформации банковского регулирования в условиях развития цифровых технологий в России. В заключении сформированы основные выводы. / The structure of the master's thesis includes an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion and a bibliography. The first chapter examines the theoretical aspects of the development of the banking sector in the digital economy. The second chapter provides a comparative analysis of the digital transformation of the banking sector. In the third chapter, proposals are developed for transforming banking regulation in the context of the development of digital technologies in Russia. In the conclusion, the main conclusions are formed.

The purpose of this thesis is to provide meaningful understanding of the current state of business activities, which generates the need for implementing new taxing measures, analyse the challenges arising from this need, as well as their cause. Furthermore, the aforementioned challenges will be explained in the context of existing traditional taxing systems and proposed measures will be analysed. After reading this thesis, the goal is for the reader to be able to understand current trends and to gain an idea of how states might try to harmonize their taxing systems in order to meet the requirements set out by the rapid digitalization of companies.