Political and environmental chaos recently experienced in Haiti has damaged the economic sector and telecommunication infrastructure. Developmental data from Haiti show 3 major trends: inadequate social and economic development, insufficient benefits from the global economy, and poorly planned information technology infrastructure (ITI). The specific problem addressed in this study is a knowledge gap in the views of stakeholders within Haiti's national culture on how the country's ITI can be developed to better engage Haiti in 21st century global and digital economy. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore the views of 48 expert participants regarding ITI development within Haiti's national culture to better engage Haiti with the 21st century global and digital economy. To satisfy the goal of this exploratory research a case study research design was used, and data were collected from multiple sources including in-depth interviews of 48 participants, observational field notes, and archival documentation. The analysis of the archival data, online surveys, and semi-structured interviews of expert informants revealed that nationwide broadband internet availability has been achieved, which has resulted in internet usage increasing from 2% in 2002 to 12% in 2009. The study participants noted the lack of reliable access to electricity limits the implementation of ITI in the nation. Legislation and financial investment are needed to improve ITI in Haiti. The academic significance and social change implications of the study include filling the knowledge gap of the status of ITI in Haiti, helping the national development of a modernized ITI well-connected to the global economy, and a better quality of life for Haiti's people.

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Information and communication technologies and their innovative apparatuses have extensive social consequences. The basic interest of this thesis is to argue whether the information technologies and their technological apparatuses have the power to breach in the current capitalist system and therefore to lead us into a transformation towards an alternative world. In fact, this study more specifically attempts to argue and make sense out of this argument on the basis of an analysis of the Free Software Movement (FSM), since it is a product of the information technologies and has some suggestions for such a transformation towards a new society. Simultaneously, the study also argues the novel parts of the FSM as a new social movement and change agent of today&#039 / s contemporary world with reference to the literature on social movements.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2017-05-22T17:46:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 David Timoteo Carrilho Leite.pdf: 1727792 bytes, checksum: cf902291628777f8604e831842681662 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-22T17:46:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 David Timoteo Carrilho Leite.pdf: 1727792 bytes, checksum: cf902291628777f8604e831842681662 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-07 / In times when business cycle of life is changing, socio-environmental demands gain space in global agenda, technology is also unsettling the relationship among organizations, competitors and customers. Business Transformation is coming to assist companies in transforming their business into this new structure. In this study, shows the creation of a new framework that helps organizations in their process of transformation, enabling them to keep safe in a disruptive technological world, without forgetting socio-environmental demands, it means a new concept called Disruption Process Management (DPM). DPM brings together the main advisors to the transformation of Business Process Management (BPM), Sustainable Development (SD) and Digital Economy (DE), in order to help companies to move towards higher stages of transformation. This new model uses BPM as a basis to restructure organizations' operations. Then, DE concepts are necessary to get about business model and consolidate organizations in the market, focusing on prosumers and digital management. While expansion occurs, organizations need to position themselves regarding socio-environmental issues, so as not to tarnish their reputation and brand. DPM concepts were applied by a study to an Insurer, named Company X's for purposes of confidentiality. That company already has a History of transformations and must keep its competitiveness. As result of this study, it was developed a method of analysis in which it was possible to identify the stage of the organizations transformation the gaps between theory and practice, effectively helping application of BPM, SD and DE, in a practical way. This paper is about a deep research of on Business Transformation in Brazil and is defines a structured method to propose improvements in business management, considering typical internal and external factors of 21st century. As theoretical contribution, it updated the processing model stages from Mckeown and Philip (2003). / O ciclo de vida dos negócios está mudando neste século em que demandas socioambientais ganham espaço na agenda global. A tecnologia também possui seu protagonismo, o que altera de maneira profunda o relacionamento entre organizações, concorrentes e clientes. Para auxiliar as empresas na modificação de seus negócios nesse novo ambiente, existe o Business Transformation. Neste estudo foi construído um framework, chamado de Disruption Process Management (DPM), que auxilia a transformação nas organizações, para que estas acompanhem o ambiente de mudanças tecnológicas disruptivas sem que se esqueçam das demandas socioambientais. O DPM reúne os principais orientadores à modificação da Gestão de Processos de Negócio (BPM), do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (SD) e da Economia Digital (DE), visando a auxiliar na evolução das empresas para estágios mais elevados. Esse novo modelo utiliza o BPM como base para reestruturar a operação das instituições. Em seguida, os conceitos da DE são necessários para a expansão do padrão de negócio e consolidação das instituições no mercado, com foco nos prossumidores e uma gestão mais digital. Conforme a expansão ocorre, as organizações necessitam posicionar-se sobre questões socioambientais, para não mancharem sua reputação e marca. O DPM foi aplicado em uma seguradora, chamada por questões de confidencialidade, de Empresa X, por meio de um estudo de caso. Esta já possui um histórico de modificações em seus negócios e precisa continuar evoluindo para manter sua competitividade. Como resultado desse estudo foi desenvolvido um método de análise no qual foi possível identificar o estágio de transformação das organizações e a identificação das lacunas entre a teoria e a prática, o que auxilia de forma efetiva na transformação das organizações e na aplicação dos conceitos de BPM, SD e DE, de modo prático. Este trabalho consolida um estudo de caso profundo sobre Business Transformation no Brasil e define um método estruturado para recomendar melhorias na gestão das empresas, considerando fatores internos e externos típicos do século XXI. Como contribuição teórica, foi atualizado o modelo de transformação por estágios de Mckeown e Philip (2003).

Cette thèse regroupe les principaux jalons pour l’analyse concurrentielle des marchés impliquant des activités de réseau et des services ou produits numériques. Le propos s’organise en trois parties qui sont autant d’essais pour rendre compte de l’impact des spécificités de ces marchés sur leur dynamique concurrentielle. La première partie de la thèse porte sur la question de la concentration des plateformes Internet. Un modèle de marché biface est spécifié pour rendre compte des différents niveaux d’interdépendance sur les plateformes mettant en relation entreprises ou annonceurs, d’une part, et audience ou consommateurs, d’autre part. Il en ressort que les effets de réseaux (les synergies et économies d’échelle émanant du nombre d’utilisateurs de la plateforme) sont telles que tout avantage (premier entré sur le marché, qualité ou part d’audience relative supérieure,…), constitue à terme un avantage compétitif pérenne. La deuxième partie aborde la question de la délimitation des « marchés pertinents » lors des opérations de concentration appliquée au marché de l’accès à Internet fixe. La structure de la demande d’accès à Internet est examinée économétriquement afin de vérifier l’existence, ou l’absence, d’une segmentation (voire d’une différenciation) de celle-ci selon que les technologies sont de types haut ou très haut débit. La troisième partie traite de l’effet des ad-blockers sur les médias et fournisseurs de contenus dont le modèle économique repose sur la gratuité. Un modèle de marché biface est spécifié afin de vérifier quel rôle peuvent jouer les fournisseurs d’accès à Internet pour internaliser les externalités de réseau et limiter les phénomènes de congestion. Descripteurs : économie numérique, concurrence, plateformes, concentration, marché pertinent, publicité, externalités de réseau, média / This PhD thesis set the milestones that are relevant for the competitive analysis of markets based on network activities and digital products or services. This work counts three parts, designed as separate essays, and aims to appreciate the impact of the characteristics of these markets on their competitive dynamics. The first part of the thesis tackles the concentration issue of online platforms. We specify a model of two-sided market in order to appreciate the different levels of interdependence on online platforms linking on firms (or advertisers) on one side and audience or consumers on the other side. As a result, network effects (synergies and scale economies relating to the number of users) are such that any competitive advantage (first-mover advantage, better quality or market share…), as low as it can be, turns out to be durable. The second part deals with the “relevant market” delineation in horizontal mergers issue and suggest an application to the retail market for fixed broadband Internet access. We econometrically analyze the demand for broadband access in order to verify whether or not there exists a segmentation (or even a differentiation) of the demand depending on the access technologies that can be very fast broadband or regular broadband access technologies. The third part examines the effects of “ad-blocking” software on the media and content providers whose business model is based on free access. We also specify a model of two-sided market in order to appreciate the role that Internet service providers can play to internalize network effects and to curb congestion phenomena.

Copyright law relegates translation to a secondary, or derivative, status, which means that publishing a translation requires the permission of the rights holder of the original. This thesis argues for the timeliness of revisiting the translation right by analyzing its foundations and its implications from a transdisciplinary public policy perspective. This is done by first studying the historical and philosophical foundations of copyright law itself where the translation right is housed, revealing questionable philosophical arguments and a colonial past that has created legal path dependencies. The thesis then undertakes an examination of the foundations of the translation right specifically, dubbed “the international issue par excellence,” which confirms the same pattern observed in the development of copyright law. Given the complete absence of the translator’s perspective from all international discussions on the translation right, copyright’s view of translation is then contrasted with recent scholarship in translation theory, with a special focus on the notion of agency(-ies), exposing the incompatibility of these views on translation, and highlighting the importance of including the perspective of translation studies in policies and laws related to translation. The last part of the thesis explores the present-day realities of knowledge societies, digital technologies, and globalization, in order to identify the role of translation today and in the future, while highlighting the tremendous gaps between the have’s and the have-not’s, and the necessity of recognizing the specificities of different societies. Knowledge is the new capital of the world, and the translation right is an impediment to the key role translation can potentially play in allowing societies to participate in the cycle of its consumption and regeneration. Digital technologies are powerful enablers that have allowed those who have leveraged and embraced them, such as the open movement and prosumers of all types, to transform the nature of their interactions with their environment macro- and microstructurally. This has also been reflected in the profession of translation, where collaborative projects are constantly initiated, while the nature of the translator’s work is changing to the point where one seriously doubts whether the provisions of the century-old translation right still apply to it. The discussion on globalization focuses on language in a globalized world, power relations between linguistic communities, and means of preserving linguistic diversity and heritage. The translation right, with its questionable foundations and outdated nature, is an impediment to the potential role of translation (as representative of the public interest) in the world, and must be revisited and at least reduced to the point of constituting balanced public policy. Social development, power relations and the necessity of differentiation (or “otherness”) are running themes throughout the work, which tries to balance between theoretical discussions from various relevant disciplines and reliance on United Nations and other public policy research.

Diese Dissertation analysiert drei unterschiedliche Märkte im Rahmen der digitalen Wirtschaft und bietet einen Einblick in die relevanten Wohlfahrtsimplikationen und politischen Vorschläge. Das erste Kapitel konzentriert sich auf den Crowdfunding-Markt und zeigt, dass asymmetrische Informationen zu einem höheren Preis bei Vorbestellung führen, was das Risiko von Moral Hazard verringert. Es weist auch auf den Konflikt zwischen dem Erfolg des Crowdfundings und dem Verhindern der Flucht des Entrepreneurs nach dem Erfolg hin. Das zweite Kapitel kombiniert theoretische Analysen mit einem Laborexperimente, um die Auswirkungen der Datenschutz-Grundverordnung (DSGVO) auf die Wahl von Verbrauchern bezüglich ihrer Privatsphäre zu untersuchen. Es zeigt, dass eine vorgeschriebene gemeinsame Nutzung von Daten zwischen Unternehmen dazu führt, dass Verbraucher vermehrt ihre Daten zur Verfügung stellen und dass Verbraucherwohl steigt. Dies ist eine gute Ergänzung für die Debatte der Europäischen Kommission über eine vorgeschriebene gemeinsame Nutzung von Daten in bestimmten Sektoren darstellt. Im letzten Kapitel wird die On-Demand-Plattform im Taximarkt erörtert, bei der der Preis flexibel ist und an die aggregierte Nachfrage und das Angebot angepasst wird. Gegen die eigene Intuition deutet das Ergebnis darauf hin, dass das Problem von zu wenig Angebot bei steigender Nachfrage möglicherweise nicht durch genügend neue Marktteilnehmer gelöst wird. Sozialplaner, On-Demand-Plattform und Dienstleister haben unterschiedliche Anreize für den Markteintritt. / This thesis analyzes three distinct markets under digital economy and offers insight on the relevant welfare implications and policy suggestions. The first chapter focuses on the crowdfunding market and demonstrates that asymmetric information leads to a higher pre-ordering price which lessens the risk of moral hazard. It also points out the trade-off between making the crowdfunding succeed and preventing the entrepreneur from running away after the success. The second chapter combines theoretical analysis with laboratory experiment to explore the effect of General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) on consumer's privacy choice. It shows that mandating data sharing among firms leads consumers to give up more privacy and increases consumer welfare, which acts as a good supplement for European Commission's debate on the mandated data sharing in specific sectors. The last chapter discusses the on-demand platform in taxi market where the price is flexible and adjusted by aggregate demand and supply. Contrary to common sense, the result suggests that enough new entrants may not solve the problem of undersupply when demand surges. Social planner, on-demand platform and service providers have different incentives regarding when to enter the market.

Innovation has become of increased importance to a company’ competitive advantage during the past years. Over the years, the importance of services has increased. Information and Tele- Communication Technologies (ICT) have become a supportive role in almost any type of industry. The ICT market is continuously changing at a very high pace. In order to cope with these changes, companies active within the IT and software industry needs to unceasingly maintain their solutions up to date. This thesis provides a case study on Digital Marketing AB, a small company active in the ITindustry, delivering tools for planning, sending, and analyzing digital marketing campaigns. Digital Marketing AB operates within a market that is changing rapidly. As new technologies emerge, existing technologies becomes known, and low-cost versions of the present technology appears in the market, eroding revenues from more differentiated services. Furthermore, if the companies are small, and do not have the same financial resources as bigger actors, it is important for these companies to rely on other types of strengths. Companies also need to make sure that they are able to sell the new technology in a way that is attractive to their customers, but at the same time profitable for the company. In other words, they need to integrate the new technology in a business model. The thesis concludes that Digital Marketing AB needs to develop new technology with regards to a specific target customer group, but also to work together with the customers in order to develop an attractive and competitive business model. Furthermore, the thesis concludes that how the business model will be designed will determine the success of adopting a new technology. Other issues that arise who have to do with the design of the business model are how to package and position the new technology. / Under de senaste åren har innovation har blivit ett allt viktigare bidrag till ett företags konkurrensfördelar. Betydelsen av tjänster har dessutom ökat. IT och telekommunikation (ICT) har kommit att spela en viktig roll i nästan alla typer av industrier. Denna marknad ändras mycket snabbt och kontinuerligt. För att bemöta dessa förändringar måste företag som är aktiva inom IT- och mjukvaruindustrin ständigt hålla sina lösningar uppdaterade. Detta examensarbete består av en fallstudie utförd på ett litet företag aktivt i IT-branschen, referat till som Digital Marketing AB. Företaget levererar ett system för att planera, sända och analysera digitala marknadsföringskampanjer. Digital Marketing AB konkurrerar på en marknad som förändras i mycket hög takt. Då nya teknologier växer fram blir de existerande lösningarna kända vilket ger utrymme för lågkostnadsalternativ som eroderar intäkter från mer differentierade tjänster. Om dessa företag vars intäkter eroderas dessutom är mindre företag som inte har samma finansiella resurser som de större företagen, måste de förlita sig på andra typer av styrkor. Företag måste även se till att kunna sälja tekniken de producerar på ett sätt som är attraktivt för kunden, men som samtidigt är lönsamt för företaget. De måste integrera sin teknik i en affärsmodell. Examensarbetet visar på att Digital Marketing AB bör utveckla sin affärsmodell dedicerad åt en specifik målgrupp, och dessutom göra det tillsammans med potentiella kunder för att affärsmodellen skall bli attraktiv och konkurrenskraftig. Dessutom visar arbetet på att beroende på hur affärsmodellen utformas, kommer att avgöras hur pass framgångsrik affärsmodellen kommer att vara. Andra frågor som uppstår i samband med utvecklingen av affärsmodellen har att göra med hur tekniken skall paketeras och positioneras.

Dada la importancia del nuevo entorno competitivo propiciado por la economía digital, la innovación en modelos de negocios se ha convertido en un tema de gran debate tanto en el mundo académico como a nivel de la alta dirección de las empresas. Por ello, el presente trabajo explora el estado del arte en torno a los principales factores internos y externos a las organizaciones que condicionan la innovación en los modelos de negocios, por medio de una sistematización exploratoria de la literatura especializada en torno a innovación en modelos de negocios en revistas indexadas de gran impacto. Pese a que las características y desafíos propios de las start-ups y de las firmas consolidadas son distintas, se encontró que muchas investigaciones suelen tratarlas de manera similar. Entre los principales hallazgos del presente trabajo se encuentra la distinción de una serie de factores que propician la innovación en modelos de negocios que resultan convenientes solo para firmas consolidadas y una lista de recomendaciones que son específicas para start-ups. / Given the importance of the new competitive environment created by the digital economy, the innovation in business models has become a highly-debated topic both in the Academy and in the enterprises. Which is why the present work explores the state of the Art associated with the most-important organizational factors, both the internal and external, that affect innovation in business models. In order to achieve such goal, an exploratory systematization was done around the topic of innovation in business models among high-ranked indexed journals. Despite the fact that the characteristics and challenges faced by start-ups and consolidated firms are different, many papers usually ignore this distinction. Because of that, one of the principal achievements of the present research is the differentiation between factors that are more relevant to promote innovation among start-ups and factors that are more suitable to promote innovation inside consolidated firms. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

The widespread use of new information technologies in management, processes of digitalization of the economy, the need for an assessment of the regulatory impact of legal norms in the field of information technologies predetermine the relevance of the research topic and the need to summarize management experience in this area in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. The analysis allowed the author to substantiate and formulate a number of provisions: the author’s definition of a digital economy; theoretical provisions on the need to expand the existing index of information technology development, on the creation of an information technology development index in the framework of the EAEU integration association; proposals on the concept of the Model Law “On Information, Information Technologies and Protection of Information” and others. / Широкое использование новых информационных технологий в управлении, процессы цифровизации экономики, потребность в оценке регулирующего воздействия норм права в сфере информационных технологий предопределяют актуальность темы исследования и необходимость обобщения опыта управления в этой сфере в Российской Федерации и Республике Казахстан. Проведенный анализ позволил автору обосновать и сформулировать ряд положений: авторское определение цифровой экономики; теоретические положения о необходимости расширения существующего индекса развития информационных технологий, о создании индекса развития информационных технологий в рамках интеграционного объединения ЕАЭС; предложения о концепции Модельного закона «Об информации, информационных технологиях и о защите информации» и другие.