The purpose of the current study was to categorize workplace aggression into nine subtypes based on human aggression and workplace aggression literature, and to examine gender differences in engaging in these subtypes of workplace aggression. Data collected from 366 employed students showed that a significant gender difference was found only in direct workplace aggression and there were no gender differences in the other eight workplace aggression subtypes; verbal, direct, and passive workplace aggression was more frequently used than physical, indirect and active workplace aggression, respectively. Data collected from 83 employee-supervisor pairs showed that compared to supervisors' reports, female employees' self-reports tended to be higher in all eight subtypes of workplace aggression (relational workplace aggression was excluded), while male employees' self-reports were only higher in passive workplace aggression than their supervisors' reports. Male supervisors were found to report more subordinates' verbal, direct, active, and interpersonal workplace aggression than female supervisors, and male employees were reported by their immediate supervisors to engage in more active workplace aggression. Implications, limitations and conclusions were discussed.

When designing a direct methanol fuel cell and evaluating the appropriateness of new materials, it is helpful to consider the impact of material properties on the performance of a complete system. To some degree, poor fuel utilization and performance losses from methanol crossover and low reactant concentrations can be mitigated by proper system design. In order to facilitate system design, an analytical model is developed to evaluate the methanol and oxygen concentration profiles across the membrane electrode assembly of the direct methanol fuel cell. In the first part of this work, the model is used to determine fuel utilization as a function of the feed concentration, backing layer properties, and membrane properties. A minimum stoichiometric ratio is determined based on maintaining zero-order methanol kinetics, which allows the fuel efficiency to be optimized by controlling these physical properties. The size of system components such as the methanol storage tank and the fuel pump can be estimated based on the minimum methanol flow rate that those components must produce to deliver a specified current; in this way, the system-level benefits of reduced membrane crossover can be evaluated. In the second section, the model is extended by using the Bulter-Volmer equation to describe the anodic and cathodic overpotentials along a single cross-section of the fuel cell. An iterative technique is then used to determine the methanol and oxygen concentration profiles in the flow channels. The model is applied to examine the benefits of new low-crossover membranes and to suggest new design parameters for those membranes. Also, the tradeoff between the power output of the fuel cell stack and the size of system components is examined across a range of methanol and oxygen flow rates. / text

abstract / Chemistry / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Research Article / This paper analyses publication output in the field of camel research as indexed in CAB Direct Online database covering the period 1963 – 2012. It reports on India’s comparative strength in world science and technology (S&T) output in this field. It is observed that a total of 4,923 publications were published during the year 1963 to 2012 as per CAB Direct Online. The average number of publications published per year was 98 papers. The highest number of papers i.e. 256 was published in the year 2012. The spurt in literature output was reported during 2000-2012. India is the top producing country with 354 papers (7.19%) followed by Egypt with 284 papers (5.76%). The top five most preferred journals by the scientists were: Journal of Camel Practice and Research with 641 papers (13.02%) followed by Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal with 193 papers 3.92%), Indian Journal of Animal Sciences with 186 papers (3.77%), Indian Veterinary Journal with 164 papers (3.33%) and Revue d’Ejevage et de Medecine Veterinaire des Pays Tropicaus with 92 papers 1.87%). The top medium of communication is journal article with 4,164 papers (84.58%) followed by conference papers with 209 papers (4.25%). English was the most predominant language used by the scientists for communication with 4496 papers (91.32%). The prolific author is Gahlot, T.K. who contributed 173 papers (3.51%) followed by Faye, B. with 108 papers (2.19%).

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Abstract The ability to absorb and use effectively FDI flows by countries to enhance their national productive systems is directly related to the degree of functioning of an economy’s national innovation system. We develop a heuristic NSI-FDI framework that proposed three types of NSIs (well functioning/strong, relatively well functioning, and weak) in relation with three types of corresponding FDI outcomes (High-end, Medium or Average, and Low-end). We then selected both large and small developing economies -- China, India, South Africa, Ghana, Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Zambia with both different NSIs and FDI flows. The countries were differentiated with respect to core differences in the types of NSIs. Using descriptive data we analysed the nature of FDI flows and their impacts or outcomes in these countries and showed that the characteristics of the NSI in these countries largely shaped the flow and the impact of FDI on these economies.

We present a fast direct algorithm for the solution of linear systems arising from elliptic equations. We extend the work of Xia et al. (2009) on combining the multifrontal method with hierarchical matrices. We offer a more geometric interpretation of that approach, extend it in two dimensions to the unstructured mesh case, and detail an adaptive decomposition procedure for selectively refined meshes. Linear time complexity is shown for a quasi-uniform grid and demonstrated via numerical results for the adaptive algorithm. We also provide an extension to three dimensions with proven linear complexity but a more practical variant with slightly worse scaling is also described. / text

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This thesis examines Canadian FDI (foreign direct investment) in China from 1978 to 2006 in the context of globalization and with a focus on the challenges faced by Canadian firms when doing business in China. Building on John Dunning's 'eclectic model' of FDI and Kobrin’s ‘bargaining’ approach, this study explores the relative importance of home country (Canadian) and host country (Chinese) factors in explaining outcomes for Canadian firms in China in the mining, manufacturing and service sectors. Using interview data collected from Canadian high-level management personnel working in these sectors during 2005 the study argues that it has been largely the host country factors that have been at work in causing difficulties for Canadian companies in China. These include issues such as Chinese government regulations and institutions, cultural differences between Canada and China, as well as market and business environment impediments in China. On the other hand, home country factors, particularly the small size of Canadian firms in China, have also played an important part in affecting the operations of Canadian firms there. The empirical analysis of the mining, manufacturing and service sectors revealed that Canadian firms in China are not a homogenous group and their experience and challenges can only be understood in the context of the particular sector that they are engaged in. In particular, Canadian firms in the mining sector have been more subject to pressures from the Chinese state, while firms in the manufacturing sector have been subject more to factors surrounding the Chinese market and business environment. Firms in the service sector have fallen in between, and have been subject to both factors such as state regulation and local market and business conditions. The survey analysis of some Canadian successful firms in China also suggests that the fate of Canadian firms does not hinge solely on cultural dynamics associated with either home or host country or regulatory issues, but also on the very real efforts that individual companies make to understand local conditions, and to become accustomed and to prosper in China.