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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

A possibilidade de abordagem ?tico-moral no racioc?nio jur?dico : o aborto na vis?o de Dworkin e Finnis

Moreira, Alexandre Mussoi 24 October 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-12-26T16:39:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_ALEXANDRE_MUSSOI_MOREIRA_COMPLETO.pdf: 812946 bytes, checksum: c316150f64139bafa5a6efea1b888305 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-26T16:39:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_ALEXANDRE_MUSSOI_MOREIRA_COMPLETO.pdf: 812946 bytes, checksum: c316150f64139bafa5a6efea1b888305 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-24 / The present work aims to determine the possibility of an ethical-moral approach to the juridical thought, by taking the abortion act in the views of Dworkin and Finnis as its analysis object. This assessment evidences the impossibility of any elaboration of the juridical reasoning in a way free from the moral-ethical questions, for the simple application of the positive juridical norms. In a current context of tension between the juridical-legal questions and those typically ethical-moral questions, which is not a novelty in the history of humanity, the regulation of this relation according to the criterion of the common good is the materialization itself of the justice in law. The ethical life is, in its intersubjective ambit, fair life (life in justice), which is sought by the law. The demands of the contemporary citizens regarding their rights, especially when concerns their individual choices (to be entitled to decide to have children, and when to have them; the right on his own body, et al), have been maintaining heated discussions which wrap up moral and ethical concepts. This study answers to the need of an ethical-moral approach of the juridical reasoning, placing the natural law as option of overcoming of the legal positivism. By using the comparative dialectical method, it has been made an option of assessing the thoughts of Ronald Dworkin and John Finnis, since both of them represent a change of a hermeneutic matrix which surpasses the separation between right and moral, from which the lawfulness refers to the moral-ethical correction of the action practiced by someone (in the specific case examined in this work, the abortion). With a jusnaturalist position, Finnis completely preclude the lawfulness of the act of abortion, whilst Dworkin admits exceptions to that, in what he is closer to the dominant position of the present civilization, which, regrettably, has been engaged in erasing any conception on the unconditional respect to life. / O presente trabalho busca determinar a possibilidade de abordagem ?tico-moral no racioc?nio jur?dico, tomando o ato de aborto na vis?o de Dworkin e Finnis como objeto de an?lise. Essa aprecia??o evidencia a impossibilidade de elabora??o do pensamento jur?dico de forma desvinculada das quest?es ?tico-morais, pela simples aplica??o das normas jur?dicas positivadas. Em um contexto atual, de tens?o existente entre as quest?es jur?dico-legais e as de natureza ?tico-morais, que n?o ? novidade na hist?ria da humanidade, regular essa rela??o segundo o crit?rio do bem comum ? a pr?pria materializa??o da justi?a em lei. A vida ?tica ?, em seu ?mbito intersubjetivo, vida justa (vida na justi?a), o que ? objetivado pelo direito (lei). As demandas dos cidad?os contempor?neos em rela??o a seus direitos, especialmente no que diz respeito ?s suas escolhas individuais (o direito de decidir ter filhos, e quando t?-los; o direito sobre o pr?prio corpo, entre outros), t?m mantido vivas discuss?es que envolvem conceitos morais e ?ticos. Neste estudo, responde-se ? necessidade de uma abordagem ?tico-moral do pensamento jur?dico, trazendo o jusnaturalismo como op??o de supera??o do juspositivismo. Ao utilizar o m?todo dial?tico comparativo, fez-se a op??o pela aprecia??o do pensamento de Dworkin e Finnis, uma vez que ambos representam uma mudan?a de matriz hermen?utica, mudan?a essa que supera a separa??o entre direito e moral, a partir da qual a licitude se refere ? corre??o ?tico-moral da a??o praticada (no caso espec?fico contemplado neste trabalho, o aborto). Com uma posi??o jusnaturalista, Finnis afasta completamente a licitude do ato de aborto, ao passo que Dworkin admite exce??es, no que se aproxima mais da posi??o dominante da civiliza??o atual que, lamentavelmente, tem se encarregado de apagar qualquer concep??o sobre o respeito incondicionado ? vida.
2

Dignidade da pessoa humana e autonomia da vontade : um estudo interdisciplinar sobre os limites ?ticos e jur?dicos nos casos de eutan?sia

Lima, Andrei Ferreira de Ara?jo 27 March 2018 (has links)
Submitted by PPG Direito (ppgdir@pucrs.br) on 2018-06-04T13:38:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrei_Ferreira_de_Arau?jo_Lima_DIS.pdf: 2336908 bytes, checksum: 566fe92260d6a118f2a36da3cfd3cc73 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-06-11T13:15:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrei_Ferreira_de_Arau?jo_Lima_DIS.pdf: 2336908 bytes, checksum: 566fe92260d6a118f2a36da3cfd3cc73 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-11T13:29:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrei_Ferreira_de_Arau?jo_Lima_DIS.pdf: 2336908 bytes, checksum: 566fe92260d6a118f2a36da3cfd3cc73 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This work is the result of an interdisciplinary study between the Science of Law and Bioethics. It aims to understand the ethical and legal limits of the possible right to die, specifically euthanasia. In order to achieve that goal, we will investigate the conflict and the conformation between the fundamental right to life, to human dignity and the autonomy of the will, taking into account both doctrine and national and international jurisprudence. The main reason for the reincorporation of the subject of euthanasia into the medical and legal debate (both academic and jurisprudential) refers to the fast-moving and efficient evolution of medical science, developing treatments that can prolong the patient?s life, possibly, depending on the sickness, forever. In face of this reality, one can perceive the alteration of certain paradigms of Bioethics, such as the breaking of the paternalistic relationship between doctor and patient, the principle of beneficence according to what would be best for the patient, and the removal of unreasonable obstinacy, based on the autonomy of the will and in human dignity. In this scenario, the patients? rights are increasingly debated and new contour to the state?s duty to protect life are being given, especially when in conflict with the dignity and autonomy of the patient. In this scenario, it?s debated a possible right to die with dignity. This right promotes numerous questions, especially concerning the ethical and legal limits in cases of euthanasia, requiring the establishment of clear criteria, having as a basic principle the maximum protection of the patient?s dignity. It is emphasized that, in spite of the varied forms of assisted death, as well as the recent incorporation of ortotan?sia (term in Portuguese used for terminal patients who decline useless treatments and have their right to die granted) as legal conduct in medical ethics in Brazil, the work seeks to solve questions related to euthanasia. First classifying it, in order to avoid any form of semantic confusion. In the following points it will be discussed as a possible establishment of legal criteria as well as the practical developments, taking into account both the medical deontology and the patient?s fundamental rights. / O presente trabalho de disserta??o ? fruto de um estudo interdisciplinar entre a Ci?ncia do Direito e a Bio?tica, buscando compreender quais s?o os limites ?ticos e jur?dicos relativos a um poss?vel direito ? morte, especificamente ? eutan?sia. Para tanto, se investigar? o conflito e a conforma??o entre os direitos fundamentais ? vida, ? dignidade e ? autonomia, levando em considera??o tanto a doutrina quanto a jurisprud?ncia nacional e internacional. Elucida-se que o principal motivo para a reincopora??o da tem?tica da eutan?sia no debate m?dico e jur?dico (tanto em n?vel acad?mico quanto jurisprudencial), se refere ? r?pida e eficaz evolu??o da ci?ncia m?dica, desenvolvendo tratamentos que possam prolongar a vida de um paciente, por vezes, de modo ad eternum. Frente a essa realidade, se percebe a gradativa altera??o de determinados conceitos da Bio?tica, como a quebra da rela??o paternalista entre m?dico e paciente, o princ?pio da benefic?ncia de acordo com o que seria melhor para o paciente, e o afastamento da obstina??o irrazo?vel, todos calcados na autonomia da vontade e na dignidade da pessoa humana. Nesse cen?rio, os direitos dos pacientes s?o cada vez mais debatidos e o dever de prote??o da vida por parte do Estado passa a receber novos contornos, impondo-se limites ? dimens?o objetiva do direito fundamental ? vida, podendo prevalecer, em casos espec?ficos, a dimens?o subjetiva desse mesmo direito. Dessa rela??o entre vida, dignidade e autonomia, fala-se em um poss?vel direito ? morte digna. Contudo, restam in?meras quest?es quanto aos limites desse direito, tanto em um sentido ?tico quanto jur?dico, pois por mais que se conclua pela exist?ncia de um direito ? morte, necess?rio ser? o estabelecimento de crit?rios, limitando a autonomia dos pacientes, tendo como norte a prote??o m?xima de sua dignidade. Frisa-se que, em que pesem as mais variadas formas de morte assistida, bem como a recente incorpora??o da ortotan?sia como conduta legal na ?tica m?dica brasileira, o trabalho buscar? resolver quest?es relacionadas ? eutan?sia. Primeiro classificando-a, de modo a evitar qualquer forma de confus?o sem?ntica, para nos pontos seguintes estabelecer os crit?rios jur?dicos, bem como os desdobramentos pr?ticos calcados na deontologia m?dica.

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