A load flow and contingency analysis program for secure design, planning and operation of power systems. Depending on the application either Newton-Raphson or Fast- Decoupled method is employed to solve the load flow. Fault analysis is done by Z bus method. Contingency analysis may be done following the load flow solution by Fast-Decoupled method. The program is also interfaced with a graphic system which displays a single line diagram of the system on the graphic screen along with relevant data and informs the operator of any change by flashing the faulted bus or the line outage.

This thesis contains contributions in three areas: the theory of generalized calculus, numerical algorithms for operations research, and applications of optimization to problems in modern electric power systems. A geometric approach is used to advance the theory and tools used for studying generalized notions of derivatives for nonsmooth functions. These advances specifically pertain to methods for calculating subdifferentials and to expanding our understanding of a certain notion of derivative of set-valued maps, called the coderivative, in infinite dimensions. A strong understanding of the subdifferential is essential for numerical optimization algorithms, which are developed and applied to nonsmooth problems in operations research, including non-convex problems. Finally, an optimization framework is applied to solve a problem in electric power systems involving a smart solar inverter and battery storage system providing energy and ancillary services to the grid.

The overriding goal of this work was to present information to ambulance command and control (AC2) operators in a manner that complemented their dispatchers decision making processes whilst minimising the effects of a number of identified complexities. It was theorised that presenting information in this manner would improve the decision making performance of the dispatchers. The initial stages of this work involved identifying the strategies that AC2 operators use when making decisions regarding the allocation of ambulances to emergency incidents and the complexities associated with these decisions. These strategies were identified after the analysis of interviews with AC2 operators using an interview approach called the Critical Decision Method. The subsequent analysis of the interview transcripts using an Emergent Themes Analysis provided a significant number of insights regarding the decision making processes of the operators and the information required to support these decisions. Of particular significance was the importance of situation awareness in the decision making process. For example, when dispatchers have a sound understanding of incidents and additional factors such as the ambulances under their control, the dispatch decision becomes less complicated. To extend the understanding of the dispatcher�s work in the communication centres, a number of factors that could contribute to the complexity of the dispatch task were identified from an additional analysis of the interview transcripts. However it was not possible to establish from this the contribution of these factors to the perceived complexity encountered by the operators. To address this, a questionnaire was circulated requiring dispatchers to rate the contribution of a number of factors to the complexity of the dispatch task and the frequency that these factors occurred. The results showed that the most prevalent factors related to a number of the cognitive processes that the dispatchers performed to manage the dispatch task. Such processes included determining the resource most likely to arrive at the scene of an emergency incident the quickest. There were also differences in regard to which areas of the dispatch process the dispatchers in the two centres considered to be the most complex. The final stage of this research was the design of a prototype interface that complemented the decision making strategies used by the dispatchers and addressed the identified complexities. At this stage the scope of the research was narrowed to focus primarily on the resource assessment and allocation phases of the dispatch process and several of the complexities associated with these. The prototype interface made use of a novel display technology that allowed the presentation of information across two overlapping LCD displays (referred to as a Multi Layered Display (MLD)). To test the effectiveness of this display a laboratory experiment was conducted comparing the perfomance of participants using the MLD with participants using a Single Layered Display (SLD) that presented the same information. The results indicated that in almost all cases the participants using the multi layer display performed better. However these differences did not prove to be significant.

In most of the manufacturing operations, production management staffs usually empirical rules or pilot run experiment results to decide production scheduling. However, the former methodology could go with high risk and uncertainty; the latter might partially verify some schedules and products due to the restricted manufacturing resources, and could easily cause delivery delay. This research performed a design of experimentation by computer simulation tool to develop a micro resistance manufacturing process model and compared the performance measurements among different dispatching rules so as to find the process bottleneck. Meanwhile, this research implemented the TOC (Theory of Constraints) theory to improve the manufacturing process and studied the efficiency of the improved process. This experiment took five performance measurements: product throughout, mean flowing time, mean tardiness time, mean queued job quantity and resources utilization in order to validate the results of the various dispatching rules and its performance simulating the real production process and further expects this model to become a reference scheduling model for batch-typed manufacturing processes. Additional production factors are also included into our experiments. For example, the proportion of product types produced, production timings of orders, manufacturing equipments operation time, numbers of manufacturing equipment and order delivery due date. The experiment results exhibit multi-type products of batch-typed flow shop manufacturing could use different dispatching rules based on product requirements to achieve production optimization and output maximization. TOC and adjustments of bottleneck machines can alleviate manufacturing equipment loading and reduce job queue quantity.

Enterprises in Taiwan are facing the meager profit and highly competitive environment. Under the management of supply chain, the enterprises gradually appoint the logistics service by dispatching agency for increasing the profit of the enterprises and the competitive abilities in the market. To minimize the operation cost, the enterprises gradually adopt the outsourcing model including labor and business process. This research analyzes the department of Supply Chain Management of C company how to establish a standard and criterion of outsourcing manpower by selecting a proper dispatching agency. First, the researcher set up the standard and criterion by confirmed with the experts of logistic service. Second, the researcher applied Modified Delphi Method to find out an assessment criterion for high-tech logistic service with over 40 questionnaires. Last, the researcher interviewed with 6 managers of photoelectric industry in Tainan Science-Based Industrial Park to investigate the process of selecting a suitable dispatching agency. The research provides a proper and objective model for Taiwan¡¦s TFT-LCD industry to select a suitable dispatching agency for outsourcing logistics service. Also, the research states an integrated conclusion of the motivation of appointing dispatching labors, and the condition and the requirement of selecting a dispatching agency for C company that is ¡§primary¡¨ use of the dispatching. This model also becomes the standard procedure of vendor scoring process in Procurement Department of C company. The research provides the objective evaluation pattern, and the positive effect for win-win supply relationship.

In the face of internationalization and globalization, companies are adopting flexible and temporary hiring methods in dispatching to save their long-term costs and eventually increase their competitive strength. The method of dispatching has become a major trend in the field of human resource. This research exerts the methodology of case study and focuses on the companies which have adopted dispatching methods in their company or the agencies offering dispatching services. By in-depth interviews, we can understand the practices during dispatching process as well as supplier and customer relationship management. We will also identify the benefits for both parties when they fortify the exchange relationship. The following are our findings: 1.User enterprises can manage the relationship with suppliers and try to retain valuable ones, deepening the value and fortifying the effectiveness between both parties during dispatching process. 2.Dispatched agencies can consolidate the customer relationship by providing customized services and diversified products to user enterprises through customer relationship management. 3.In dispatching process, supplier and customer relationship management plays an important role in reinforcing the relationship between buyers and sellers and also strengthening the exchange relationship.

Abstract An information transmission revolution within cable television companies in Kaohsiung City has proclaimed for years,of which playing the role on company registration to government authority from illegal to legal since telecommunication energized through scattered dispatching to , integration which contains information and entertainment programs as represent to the subscriber by its essential factors recently.However,vicious competitions among consortiums make the correlative cable market centralization.By the time being,according to an investigation survey for medias,government authorities,and science reports indicate that the majority of subscribers are dissatisfied with the dispatching quality prior to the first receiving relevant services.Consequently,appeal to resolve regards cable television program qualities by scholars in terms of protecting customers¡¦rights and interests become a topical subject recently. A raging fire like price competition launch into local cable television companyies give integration opportunity for consortiums for their fortune,which they participate in the business after a number of bankrupt cases happened to local cable companies.However,as compare to the present cable rental to the previous schedule,the rental charges have been risen from two to three time than ever before,yet the price decision making only by those new cardinals prior to the the beginning of 1991.Regarding protest against rising rental charge by consumers,of which whether it is an alternative acceptable by consumers and capaibility of against cable companies¡¦rental charge? In this study by adopting a survey onto a period of primary rental adjustment in 1991,catalogue it into several topics of integrated quality satisfaction about cable companies¡¦service,a rental adjustment satisfaction responded by consumers¡¦visual impression as subjects perceiving the programs and those package whether comply with expected qualities.First,to catalogue the local subcribers whose age are from 16-year to 70-year and living in northern area of Kaohsiung County.Second,adopt individual interview as the manner to survey and employ layer random sampling to retrieve total 500 valid samples.Afterward,implement one-way ANOVA analysis,and linear structrual relation(LISREL) staistics analysis tools to process data analysis as for understanging local cable television subscriber satisfaction. In this survey documentation procedure may featured by several layers; such as service qualities,program qualities,and price factors.As investigating individual compositional variables valid level as the manner to provide reference for local cable television company to promote their entertainment programs,channel program arrangement,and attached rental policy formation.Moreover,business promotion employed by the cable companies through consumer-integrated satisfaction as for secures their superiority positions in the future aggressive telecommunication market.

The Explorative Research About the Employment System and HR Practice of Employee Dispatching Industry in Taiwan ¡XUse The Related Industries in America as a basic of comparison Abstract How to effectively enhance the competitive competency is the most important goal for companies to accomplish in recent years. Traditional human resources management models have failed to work effectively because of the heightened competition. HR systems have experienced radical changes. In the more and more complex environment, the way to conquer the challenges of human resources management is the key point in making up companies¡¦ competency. To avoid the increasing cost of employment getting heavy, the companies tend to adopt a flexible HRM system to reduce the cost. This tendency gives rise to contingent work force. It also raises the interest of this study to discuss the newly controversial issue of the employee dispatching in Taiwan. However, the scholars always mentioned the related U.S. industries of the U.S. when discussing the local dispatching industry. This study will compare the similarities and dissimilarities between the related industries and the local dispatching industry. We wish to provide suggestions to the developing dispatching industry. Case study will be adopted in this research. We try to sketch the outline of the local dispatching industry through this method and compare the similarities and dissimilarities between the three industries. From this research, we can conclude that: 1.The concept of the employee dispatching is still not prevailing. The complete employee dispatching system has not yet been established. However, all the business owners think that the dispatching industry will keep growing. The growth of dispatching industry would solely appear in the quantity of dispatching. The professional employee dispatching isn¡¦t ready yet. 2.In the discussion of causes, the reasons for the rise of the dispatching industry are not really the same as the related industries of U.S. However, The reasons of using dispatching highly dovetail with those of U.S. and the characteristics of the dispatched workers are similar to those of the related industries. 3.In the discussion of the HR practice, we find that the HR function of the dispatching process is still rough. Most jobs of dispatching are at the simple and basic level and lack of challenge. This is one of the reasons why dispatching industry suffers the high turnover rate. Keywords: employee dispatching, dispatched worker, temporary help service industry, employee leasing industry

Queueing network-based approximation models were developed to evaluate the performance of fixed-route material-handling systems supporting a multiple workcenter manufacturing facility. In this research, we develop analytical models for fixed-route material-handling systems from two different perspectives: the workcenters?? point of view and the transporters?? point of view. The state-dependent nature of the transportation time is considered here for more accurate analytical approximation models for material-handling systems. Also, an analytical methodology is developed for analytical descriptions of the impact of several different vehicledispatching policies for material-handling systems. Two different types of vehicledispatching policies are considered. Those are workcenter-initiated vehicle dispatching rules and vehicle-initiated vehicle dispatching rules. For the workcenterinitiated vehicle dispatching rule, the Closest Transporter Allocation Rule (CTAR) was used to assign empty transporters to jobs needing to be moved between various workcenters. On the other hand, four different vehicle-initiated vehicle dispatching rules, Shortest Distance Dispatching Rule (SDR), Time Limit/Shortest DistanceDispatching Rule (TL/SDR), First-Come First-Serve Dispatching Rule (FCFSR), Longest Distance Dispatching Rule (LDR), are used to select job requests from workcenters when a transporter is available. From the models with a queue space limit of one at each workcenter and one transporter, two different types of extensions are considered. First, the queue space limit at each workcenter is increased from one to two while the number of transporters remains at one. Second, the number of transporters in the system is also increased from one to two while maintaining the queue space limit of one at each workcenter. Finally, using a simulation approach, we modified the Nearest Neighbor (NN) heuristic dispatching procedure for multi-load transporters proposed by Tanchoco and Co (1994) and tested for a fixed-route material-handling system. The effects of our modified NN and the original NN transporter dispatching procedures on the system performance measures, such as WIP or Cycle Time were investigated and we demonstrated that the modified NN heuristic dispatching procedure performs better than the original NN procedure in terms of these system performance measures.

The fabrication of semiconductor devices is a highly competitive and capital intensive industry. Due to the high costs of building wafer fabrication facilities (fabs), it is expected that products should be made efficiently with respect to both time and material, and that expensive unit operations (tools) should be utilized as much as possible. The process flow is characterized by frequent machine failures, drifting tool states, parallel processing, and reentrant flows. In addition, the competitive nature of the industry requires products to be made quickly and within tight tolerances. All of these factors conspire to make both the scheduling of product flow through the system and the control of product quality metrics extremely difficult. Up to now, much research has been done on the two problems separately, but until recently, interactions between the two systems, which can sometimes be detrimental to one another, have mostly been ignored. The research contained here seeks to tackle the scheduling problem by utilizing objectives based on control system parameters in order that the two systems might behave in a more beneficial manner. A non-threaded control system is used that models the multi-tool, multi-product process in a state space form, and estimates the states using a Kalman filter. Additionally, the process flow is modeled by a discrete event simulation. The two systems are then merged to give a representation of the overall system. Two control system matrices, the estimate error covariance matrix from the Kalman filter and a square form of the system observability matrix called the information matrix, are used to generate several control-based scheduling algorithms. These methods are then tested against more tradition approaches from the scheduling literature to determine their effectiveness on both the basis of how well they maintain the outputs near their targets and how well they minimize the cycle time of the products in the system. The two metrics are viewed simultaneously through use of Pareto plots and merits of the various scheduling methods are judged on the basis of Pareto optimality for several test cases. / text