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The effects of interphase coupling in a multiphase power system become important in the presence of network imbalances and unbalanced phase loadings. In grounded-wye systems, currents that flow in the earth can have significant effects on the system's behavior. Both these effects must be considered in an accurate multiphase power system model. A new treatment of multiphase power system modeling is presented. The treatment relies upon linear graph theory and produces a system multiport model. Mutual coupling effects, the effects of neutral and static conductors, the finite conductivity of earth, and various component models are considered. A reduction in the order of the multiport model also is presented. Multiphase load flow analysis is introduced. Special considerations that arise in multiphase analyses are discussed. Example solutions are presented. A convenient method of representing multiple slack ports is described which results from an application of the principle of superposition. Circulating power flow in multiphase loops is discussed. A procedure is proposed for conveniently representing common shunt and series faults that occur in power systems. The procedure is constructed for efficient computer modeling of multiple cases of various fault combinations in a particular system. / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Electrical and Electronic Engineering / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

由於網際網路的發展，使得全球環境變遷，競爭越來越激烈，企業必須面臨快速的需求變化，以及訂單履行時間縮短的問題，因此如何有效的利用生產規劃和現場排程來幫助企業達到較高的訂單達成率和即時反應現場產能一直是製造業努力的目標。 在排程的問題中，用派工法則來解決排程問題的工廠類型，主要集中在零工式生產系統及流程式生產系統，而進一步加入平行機器概念，即是彈性零工式生產及彈性流程式生產。而現在許多的服務業也都是屬於彈性流程式生產的模式，而且還具有迴流(recirculation)之性質，而之前使用在不具迴流性質之彈性流程式生產的派工法則，在具有迴流性質之彈性流程式生產中是否仍然可以表現良好，是值得探討的。然而更進一步在此具有迴流性質之彈性流程式生產中加入多工的性質，使工作可以被兩個或兩個以上的機器或操作人員進行處理，則運用哪個派工法則讓機器或操作人員選擇工作來進行處理，可以使得選定的目標值有良好的表現，是相當值得研究之問題。 / As information technology advances, whole world environmental trend and the competition is more and more intense. The enterprise must face faster demand changes and the problem of shorter order fulfillment. Therefore, how to apply efficient production planning and shop floor scheduling to attain a better order fulfillment and real time production of shop floor capacity is the goal enterprises strive toward. The shop floor scheduling problems using dispatching rules to solve are focus on job shop scheduling problems and flow shop scheduling problems. Moreover, those problems adding the concept of parallel machine will change into flexible job shop scheduling problems and flexible flow shop scheduling problems. Many service industries also belong to this type. In addition, those service industries’ processes also contain the important characteristic of recirculation. Now, there are two problems I would like to solve. First, Whether the dispatching rules which can get good results in flexible flow shop scheduling problems will also get good results in flexible flow shop scheduling problems with recirculation. Second, I add the characteristic of parallel machine into my problem, so it means jobs in the process can be operated by two or more workers. Therefore, which dispatching rule will get better results based on chosen achievement targets in the problem is very interesting to research.

在企業國際化的過程中，組織與管理方式的設計上，應以全球之觀點出發，以追求企業之永續經營。企業總部所發展出來之組織文化、管理流程、資訊應用等，是企業是否能成為一成功國際化企業之必要條件。 本研究採用個案訪問及資料收集之方式，探討本土企業在國際化歷程中，就財務資金調度管理之相關議題來歸納分析出本土企業現行做法之問題，並以國外成功的跨國企業為例來找出可行之參考方案。 因此，本研究透過介紹6個本土企業其資金管理之現況，歸納本土企業在國際化過程中會遭遇之問題。然後看一家正邁向國際化之本土企業，根據其國際化之歷程來看其資金管理上之演進及即將面臨的跨國管理所可能遇到之衝突。 接著以成熟的全球管理企業為例，看其國際化演進過程來瞭解在各階段所遇到之議題，以及現行所演繹出來的資金管理方法。我們並介紹其在外匯及銀行(現金池)之實際操作及與資訊整合之運用，以提供本土企業之一項財務資金管理之選擇參考。 最後我們將整理根據R集團之經驗所歸納出在國際化歷程中會面臨之課題，並依據文獻及實例來提出可行之參考建議。 / For a local company transform into a globalization enterprise, it should be focus on organization structures and managerial concept to pursue business continuity from a global perspective. The organization credo shall develop its organizational culture, management process, and application of information, which are the vital elements for being globalization. This research uses case study and information collection to study how local companies transform as global enterprise. We bring up the issue from Treasury Management point of view to analyze the problem that local companies may encounter during the evolution of globalization. In the meantime, with reference one successful transactional companies, we will find out some workable solutions. Hence, we sum up the problems what a local company could encounter as to become a transactional company, we will firstly analysis the current status for six local companies. Base on the problem we select, we will make the same comparison to one well-known company in Taiwan to observe the revolution of its management in terms of Treasury issue and the conflicts it would meet possibly. Next we will use an example of a mature global company to understand how they perform its Treasury Management as a global enterprise and how they deal with the relevant issues as we identified in our study. We also introduce its operations in the areas of foreign exchange, cash pooling as well as the integration of information to offer a workable solutions to our local company. Finally, we will generalize the challenges that a global enterprise would encounter as our example - R group and try our best to offer relevant suggestions according to literatures and real cases.

La régulation ferroviaire sur de vastes zones est un problème complexe. Elle intervient dans la phase opérationnelle de la production. Son rôle consiste à trouver de nouvelles solutions en termes de planification des mouvements de trains suite à l'apparition d'un incident empêchant la réalisation normale du plan de transport préétabli dans les phases amont de la production.La contribution de ce travail s'organise autour de trois axes.Le premier consiste à définir une formalisation exhaustive du système ferroviaire, associé à une représentation plus cohérente (modèle multiniveau).Le deuxième axe s'articule autour de l'étude des modèles mathématiques pour la régulation du trafic ferroviaire: évolutions d'un modèle en temps continu complet (espacements dynamiques), proposition d'un modèle innovant à temps discret et d'un modèle mixte (continu-discret) adossé au modèle multiniveau.Enfin, le dernier axe traite de la mise en oeuvre concrète au niveau industriel, en particulier des gains attendus du couplage avec un outil de simulation. / On-line re-scheduling of trains aims to find accurate solutions after an incident has occurred on the railway network. When we consider a large area, solutions consist in calculating new timetables, sequences and routes of trains. This problem asks for decision support tools based on operational research techniques.This thesis aims to develop solutions toward an operational tool, it articulates around three main parts. The first part defines an exhaustive model of the railway system operations and a multiscalable description of the infrastructure.The second part presents three mathematical models of the rescheduling problem associated with this description. We preset a exhaustive continuous time based model including headways that take into account speeds of trains, plus a discrete time based model and an hybrid model combining both formulations.The last part describes first implementations and the global framework we need to develop in order to solve the real world problem. It emphases on expected synergies, specilaly between simulation and optimization techniques.

The objective of the proposed research is to analyze automated residential energy management technology using primary energy source utilization. A residential energy management system (REMS) is an amalgamation of hardware and software that performs residential energy usage monitoring, planning, and control. Primary energy source utilization quantifies power system levels impacts on power generation cost, fuel utilization, and environmental air pollution; based on power system generating constraints and electric load. Automated residential energy management technology performance is quantified through a physically-based REMS simulation. This simulation includes individual appliance operation and accounts for consumer behavior by stochastically varying appliance usage and repeating multiple simulation iterations for each simulated scenario. The effect of the automated REMS under varying levels of control will be considered. Aggregate REMS power system impacts are quantified using primary energy source utilization. This analysis uses a probabilistic economic dispatch algorithm. The economic dispatch algorithm quantifies: fuel usage and subsequent environmental air pollution (EAP) generated; based on power system generating constraints and electric load (no transmission constraints are considered). The analysis will comprehensively explore multiple residential energy management options to achieve demand response. The physically-based REMS simulation will consider the following control options: programmable thermostat, direct load control, smart appliance scheduling, and smart appliance scheduling with a stationary battery. The ability to compare multiple automated residential energy management technology options on an equal basis will guide utility technology investment strategies.

This thesis is aimed at studying the open pit truck- shovel haulage systems using computer simulation approach. The main goal of the study is to enhance the analysis and comparison of heuristic truck dispatching policies currently available and search for an adaptive rule applicable to open pit mines. For this purpose, a stochastic truck dispatching and production simulation program is developed for a medium size open pit mine consisting of several production faces and a single dump site using GPSS/H software. Eight basic rules are modeled in separate program files. The program considers all components of truck cycle and normal distribution is used to model all these variables. The program asks the user to enter the number of trucks initially assigned to each shovel site. Full-factorial simulation experiments are made to investigate the effects of several factors including the dispatching rules, the number of trucks operating, the number of shovels operating, the variability in truck loading, hauling and return times, the distance between shovels and dump site, and availability of shovel and truck resources. The breakdown of shovel and trucks are modeled using exponential distribution. Three performance measures are selected as truck production, overall shovel utilization and overall truck utilizations. Statistical analysis of the simulation experiments is done using ANOVA method with Minitab software. Regression analysis gives coefficient of determination values, R2, of 56.7 %, 84.1 %, and 79.6 % for the three performance measures, respectively. Also, Tukey&rsquo / s method of mean comparison test is carried out to compare the basic dispatching rules. From the results of statistical analysis, it is concluded that the effects of basic truck dispatching rules on the system performance are not significant. But, the main factors affecting the performances are the number of trucks, the number of shovels, the distance between the shovels and dump site, finally the availability of shovel and truck resources. Also, there are significant interaction effects between these main factors. Finally, an adaptive rule using the standardized utilization of shovels and trucks is developed.

台灣的經濟環境正值產業轉型之際，服務業相對於製造業愈來愈重要，本論文是研究一種服務業的產業，針對各家的派遣計程車隊進行分類，並分析其競爭優勢，期望這樣的研究，能對台灣的服務產業能有一點貢獻。進一步說明如下： 台北市計程車產業，是運輸服務業中的重要的一環，其產值高於捷運及公車服務業之總合。計程車產業特色為個體經營者數量多，透過個體經營的群聚產生派遣車隊，透過派遣車隊產生的正向網路效應，使得加入車隊的個體經營者可獲得更多的好處，因此派遣車隊在此產業角色的重要性與日俱增。 眾多派遣車隊瓜分台北市派車市場就如同戰國時代的多國爭地，車隊的「運作類型」牽動著企業經營體質，之前少見針對多車隊的比較研究，引發本論文的研究興趣，試著將不同的車隊依經營體質分出不同的運作類型，再加以運用競爭優勢的本質，加以排序。 本研究從文獻的回顧探討，確立研究的基礎及架構，透過與業者訪談及資料收集，進行基本資料剖析。進而以車隊規模、成立時間、經營理念、科技採用程度、成立原因、經營立基及其他事業等，歸納出四個營運構面；分別為「策略意圖」、「科技採用」、「營運範疇」及「地理範圍」。 運用這四個構面的參數套用於現有車隊，整理出所有類型，再依其性質推導出三大運作類型，分別為「生存維繫型」、「服務強化型」與「事業拓展型」等。這三大類在本研究的意義分別說明如下：「生存維繫型」是為了攤銷之前所投入成本、「服務強化型」是企業積極的提供服務價值及「事業拓展型」是企業借週邊關聯的事業展開多角化。 最後運用台北市交通局歷年來的評鑑資料佐證本研究的歸納運作類型，結果發現有其正相關，「生存維繫型」的歷年評鑑結果有較差及變差的傾向，「服務強化型」其評鑑結果多於中上，而「事業拓展型」有更優的評鑑結果。這表示運作的類型與服務的品質有正向的關係。 進一步我們推演管理意涵，透過「仲介機構(mediator)」的觀察如NTT DoCoMo的i-mode，是一個市場平台。供應商與消費者運用此平台各取所需。先前學者的研究此類的組織具正向的網路外部性，我們將此類型稱之「組織連結型」。也就是說在本研究的推論之下，派遣車隊發展的最高級，就是以派遣車隊是一個市場平台，這一個市場平台互相連結關聯的週邊事業。 本研究另外一個結論是「不成長、則衰敗」的特性是存在計程車派遣產業。這可提供處在競爭經營環境的服務業省思，可考慮企業成長所投入的風險，也可考慮企業停留原地的風險，相較其風險，決定組織運作的經營方向。 由於篇幅與時間的關係，本文並沒有進一步深入討論這些運作類型該採取怎麼樣經營方式以增強企業體本身，這是未來可以進一步探究的課題。

The dissertation thesis works out the problematic of increasing quality in information flow in road haulage. The thesis highlights logistic chains of road haulage of both carload freight and colli deliveries. Research project took place in two divisions of the biggest south bohemian transport company ČSAD JIHOTRANS a.s. The specified quality improvement of information flows comes out from implementation of new information technologies. The dissertation thesis is not only the description of new functions of implemented technologies, but it mainly describes consequential changes, which are necessary to perform in order to reach requested improvements.