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Submitted by Vasti Diniz (vastijpa@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-05T14:37:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 798401 bytes, checksum: 41671bb8b384bd28413ef4c5851e99ce (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-05T14:37:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 798401 bytes, checksum: 41671bb8b384bd28413ef4c5851e99ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / It is well established that solar UV radiation can cause mutations in DNA and increase the risk of developing skin cancer. However, little is known about the ability of UV radiation to cause epigenetic changes in the skin. DNA methylation, characterised by the addition of a methyl group in cytosines within CpG dinucleotides, can modify gene transcription, leading to decreased expression or even silencing of a gene. Epigenetic changes could represent an important pathway by which environmental factors influence aging and disease risks, with a tissue-specific manner. Epithelial keratins are called cytokeratins, the main function of cytokeratins is to maintain the integrity and mechanical stability through cell-cell contacts with epithelial tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the sun exposure influence on DNA methylation status in the cytokeratin 14 (KRT14) and 19 (KRT19) genes of skin cells of subjects whithout history of skin disease. Skin biopsies were obtained by punch of sun-exposed (outer forearm) and sun-protected areas (inner arm) from 30 corpses of the Brazilian Services of Death Investigation. The KRT14 gene DNA methylation analysis was performed using Methylation-Specific PCR (MSP), and the KRT19 gene DNA methylation analysis was performed using Methylation-Sensitive Restriction Enzymes (MSRE) of sun-exposed and sun-protected skin areas. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between sun-protected and sun-exposed areas and the most frequently methylated condition for CpG studied for KRT14 and KRT19 genes (p> 0.05; McNemar). We conclude that sun exposure does not induce changes in DNA methylation status in the KRT14 and KRT19 genes. / Pesquisas tem mostrado que a radiação UV do sol pode causar mutações no DNA e aumentar o risco para o desenvolvimento de câncer de pele. Entretanto, ainda pouco se sabe sobre a capacidade da radiação UV em causar alterações epigenéticas na pele. A metilação do DNA é caracterizada pela adição do grupo metil em uma citosina precedida por uma guanina (dinucleotídeo CpG), o que pode alterar a transcrição gênica, diminuindo a expressão ou silenciando um gene. Alterações epigenéticas podem representar um importante caminho de como os fatores ambientais influenciam no envelhecimento e no desenvolvimento de certas doenças de maneira tecido específica. Queratinas epiteliais são chamadas de citoqueratinas, e sua principal função é manter a integridade e estabilidade mecânica do tecido epitelial. Neste trabalho investigamos se há influência da exposição solar sobre o perfil de metilação de DNA nos genes das citoqueratinas 14 (KRT14) e (KRT19), em células da pele de indivíduos sem histórico de doenças de pele. Biopsias de pele foram obtidas através de um Punch circular da de área exposta e não exposta ao sol de 30 cadáveres do Serviço de Verificação de Óbito. A análise de metilação do gene KRT14 foi realizada pelo método de PCR Específica para Metilação (MSP), e para o gene KRT19 foi realizado o método de Restrição Enzimática Sensível à Metilação (MSRE) das áreas expostas e protegidas do sol. A análise estatística mostrou que não há diferenças significativas entre as regiões exposta e não exposta ao sol, sendo a condição metilada a mais frequente tanto para o gene KRT14 quanto para o gene KRT19 (p>0,05; McNemar). Assim, concluímos que não há influência da exposição solar no perfil de metilação de DNA nos genes KRT14 e KRT19.

Objective: Obesity is driven by modifiable lifestyle factors whose effects may be mediated by epigenetics. Therefore, we investigated lifestyle effects on blood DNA methylation in participants of the LIFE-Adult study, a well-characterised population-based cohort from Germany. Research design and methods: Lifestyle scores (LS) based on diet, physical activity, smoking and alcohol intake were calculated in 4107 participants of the LIFE-Adult study. Fifty subjects with an extremely healthy lifestyle and 50 with an extremely unhealthy lifestyle (5th and 95th percentiles LS) were selected for genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in blood samples employing Illumina Infinium⃝R Methylation EPIC BeadChip system technology. Results: Differences in DNA methylation patterns between body mass index groups (<25 vs. >30 kg/m2) were rather marginal compared to inter-lifestyle dif- ferences (0 vs. 145 differentially methylated positions [DMPs]), which identified 4682 differentially methylated regions (DMRs; false discovery rate [FDR <5%) annotated to 4426 unique genes. A DMR annotated to the glutamine-fructose-6- phosphate transaminase 2 (GFPT2) locus showed the strongest hypomethylation (∼6.9%), and one annotated to glutamate rich 1 (ERICH1) showed the strongest hypermethylation (∼5.4%) in healthy compared to unhealthy lifestyle individu- als. Intersection analysis showed that diet, physical activity, smoking and alcohol intake equally contributed to the observed differences, which affected, among others, pathways related to glutamatergic synapses (adj. p < .01) and axon guid- ance (adj. p < .05). We showed that methylation age correlates with chronological age and waist-to-hip ratio with lower DNA methylation age (DNAmAge) acceler- ation distances in participants with healthy lifestyles. Finally, two identified top DMPs for the alanyl aminopeptidase (ANPEP) locus also showed the strongest expression quantitative trait methylation in blood. Conclusions: DNA methylation patterns help discriminate individuals with a healthy versus unhealthy lifestyle, which may mask subtle methylation differ- ences derived from obesity.