ABSTRACT The Usability Implications of Long Ballot Content for Paper, Electronic, and Mobile Voting Systems by Bryan A. Campbell In the 2008 United States presidential election over 131 million ballots were cast. A substantial fraction of those ballots, approximately 23 million (17.5%), were cast as absentee ballots either domestically or by overseas and military citizens (EAC, 2008). These numbers demonstrate that a demand exists in the United States for less centralized voting procedures. One potential solution, allowing voters to cast ballots on Internet-enabled mobile devices, could potentially increase voter participation, reduce election administration costs, increase election flexibility, and provide the ability for voters to interact with familiar technology. Two experiments were conducted to examine the efficacy of a custom-designed mobile voting system as compared to more traditional voting technologies such as direct recording electronic and paper ballot voting systems. The results from experiment one suggest that displaying long ballot content as a single scrollable list may have distinct negative consequences on the effectiveness of electronic voting systems. Further, experiment one showed that candidates appearing below the fold, or not immediately visible without additional action from the voter are at a higher risk of being mistakenly voted against. The results from experiment two are largely consistent with experiment one in that they showed that a scrollable review screen led to more voting errors and that those candidates below the fold were at a distinct disadvantage.

The last key to implementing laminar flow control on swept-wings is controlling the crossflow instability. One promising technology is spanwise-periodic discrete roughness elements (DREs). Previous work has shown success with applique DREs and extending the region of laminar flow. This work seeks to extend the DRE technology to include dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators as well as recreate past experiments with applique DREs. One major need in implementing DREs and controlling crossflow is attaining an accurate measurement of the freestream atmospheric turbulence intensities. Knowing the atmospheric turbulence intensity will allow for comparing wind tunnel experiments to the flight environment and help produce better wind tunnel experiments by allowing them to better match the flight environment. Also, knowledge of the turbulence intensity at the specific instance of an experimental data point will allow for determining if differences in experimental results are the result of a difference in turbulence intensity. It has been determined through this work that the levels of freestream turbulence range from 0.023% - 0.047% with an average of 0.035%. These levels were reached through the use of temporal correlations to remove electronic noise as well as acoustic sound from the hotwire measurements and hence are lower than previously calculated.

The automation of the election process has been experimented in many countries during recent years, to demonstrate that it accelerates the election process and that it offers many advantages; however, such automation also needs to satisfy many security requirements to guarantee a transparent process. In this dissertation, a model for an electronic voting system is proposed. This model focuses on the security risks and the vulnerabilities associated to these processes. As in any election process, electronic voting needs to meet the appropriate standards regarding the basic principles and attributes of a good democratic election. In this study, the principles considered as the basic requirements for electronic voting, are analyzed and included in the proposed model. This dissertation discusses the Brazilian case for being the first country in the world where a 100% of the citizens voted electronically. It also presents other experiences related to Direct Recording Electronic voting in other countries in order to compare and critically analyze the different models. The best features of each model are taken and examined in order to propose secure electronic elections that maintain the selected principles as key requirements. / Dissertation (MIT)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Computer Science / unrestricted

L’une des composantes de la littérature orale (chants, contes, proverbes,…) de langue bretonne est la gwerz, chanson traditionnelle à caractère souvent historique et fantastique, se transmettant principalement oralement d’une génération à l’autre.L’étude de la langue utilisée dans ces chants permet de mettre en évidence des niveaux de langues différents : si la marque dialectale du chanteur est généralement bien présente, celle de l’utilisation d’un breton standard, se rapprochant du breton littéraire par ses caractéristiques, l’est tout autant.Quelques personnes en Bretagne, principalement issues de la petite noblesse rurale, se sont adonnées au collectage de sa littérature orale (de langue bretonne), à l’instar des autres pays européens, et ceci dès le début du XIXe siècle. Mme de Saint-Prix (1789 -1869) figure parmi ces précurseurs. Les deux manuscrits inédits qui constituent l’essentiel de sa collection (Manuscrit 1 : 97 folios ; Manuscrit 2 : 45 folios), sont actuellement conservés à la bibliothèque de Landévennec / One of the major forms of oral literature in the Breton language – which includes songs, tales, proverbs and sayings- is the gwerz. This form of traditional song, passing on from one generation to another, most often evidences a historical as well as a fantastic character.Studying the language used in these songs helps highlight the existence of several standards or levels of language; indeed, while the dialectal mark of the interpreter generally makes no doubt, the presence of a form of standard Breton can also be noticed.In the early XIXth century, people in Brittany - similarly to what was taking place throughout Europe - started collecting oral literature in the Breton language. Most of the time they came from the lower rural aristocracy. Mme de Saint-Prix (1789-1869) was among these precursors. The two unpublished manuscripts which make the most part of her collection (MS 1 : 97 folios ; MS 2 : 45 folios) are currently kept in the Landevennec library / Ul lodenn eus al lennegezh dre gomz (kanaouennoù, kontadennoù, lavarennoù,…) brezhonek a zo ar gwerzioù anezhi : da lâret eo kanaouennoù hengounel savet alies a-walc’h diwar fedoù istorel ha burzhudus, ha legadet a-c’henoù a-rummad da rummad.Studiañ ar yezh a gaver implijet er gwerzioù-se a laka war-wel liveoù yezh disheñvel : ma kaver roud eus brezhoneg rannyezhel ar ganerien warni, e weler splann ivez an implij a vez graet gante eus ur yezh all, tostoc’h ouzh ur « standard lennegel ».Ken abred ha deroù an XIXvet kantved, diwar skouer ar broioù europat all, e kroge un nebeut tud e Breizh, o tont peurliesañ eus an noblañs vihan diwar ar maez, da zastum ar pezh a oa da vezañ anvet « lennegezh dre gomz » pelloc’h. En o zouesk e kaver ur plac’h, an Itron de Saint-Prix (1789-1869), a orin eus Kallag, e Kerne-Uhel. An daou dornskrid a ra ar lodennvrasañ eus he dastumadenn (Ds. 1 : 97 f° ; Ds. 2 : 45 f°) a zo miret e levraoueg abati Landevenneg hiziv an deiz

The focus of this paper is research of electronic voting topics applied to conditions of University of Economics, Prague and the Czech Republic. It therefore consists of not only theoretical research but also of applied work. First goal of this paper was to provide information base both about (especially electronic) voting and significant electronic voting projects realized throughout the world. Consequent second goal was analysis and design of electronic voting solution for chosen elections type at the University of Economics, Prague and proposal of possible process changes in chosen type of elections in the Czech republic should electronic voting be implemented. In it's first part the paper gathers, summarizes and presents information about (especially electronic) voting and chosen electronic voting implementations. The second part then describes chosen types of elections at the University of Economics, Prague and in the Czech Republic and analyzes their processes. In former case the analysis is followed by proposition and evaluation of possible electronic voting implementation variants of chosen elections type and detailed elaboration of the most suitable one. In latter case the paper goes on to describe possible process changes that could arise should electronic voting be implemented for chosen elections type in the Czech Republic. Author's contribution lies in fulfilling the goals of this thesis and performing the necessary activities leading to them. Following the (electronic) voting research the author has provides the reader with information base needed to quickly orientate tehmselves in the field of electronic voting. The author then leverages this information to research and process-analyze chosen types of elections at the University of Economics, Prague and in the Czech Republic, propose changes in mapped processes needed for eventual electronic voting implementation, present alternatives of electronic voting implementation of chosen elections type at the University of Economics, Prague and elaborate on the chosen most suitable one.

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