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A cadeia produtiva do leite no Brasil se caracteriza pela carência na utilização de ferramentas de gestão e financeiras para o controle da atividade. Atualmente algumas linhas de pesquisa estão trazendo para o meio rural a utilização de indicadores de origem econômica e financeira para complementarem os já utilizados de origem técnica como indicadores de produtividade, escala de produção etc. Este trabalho objetivou correlacionar indicadores técnicos, econômicos e financeiros de propriedades produtoras de leite localizadas em Minas Gerais para buscar quais seriam os de eleição para acompanhamento e quais estariam mais relacionados à rentabilidade e retorno financeiro. Foram coletados dados mensais de 15 propriedades mineiras do período correspondido entre julho de 2012 e junho de 2013, além de visita e aplicação de questionário às mesmas. Os dados obtidos foram utilizados para o cálculo de índices técnicos, econômicos e financeiros e também para caracterização das propriedades. Sobre os indicadores foram aplicados os testes de Kruskal Wallis e Wilcoxon para comparar as médias entre as propriedades em relação aos três níveis de retorno sobre o Investimento da propriedade. Em seguida aplicou-se o teste de correlação de Spearman para cálculo dos indicadores de correlação de todas variáveis em relação aos indicadores de cunho econômico financeiro. Os indicadores econômicos e financeiros revelaram altos índices de correlação e diferenças entre médias entre si. Dos demais se destacaram, a relação de gasto com mão de obra /receita bruta e a perda com morte de animais. De acordo com os testes de correlação, a variável MARGEM DE EBITDA foi a que mais se correlacionou com os demais indicadores relacionados ao retorno financeiro da atividade e por isso foi a considerada a principal no controle financeiro das atividades produtivas. / Milk production chain in Brazil is characterized by deficiency in the use of financial management and to control the activity tools. Nowadays some researches are bringing to the rural environment the using of indicators of economic and financial source to complement those already used from technical origin as indicators of productivity, production scale etc. This study aimed to correlate technical, economic and financial indicators of milk-producing farms located in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, to find what indicators would be elected to follow and which would be more related to profitability and financial returns. Monthly data of 15 properties from Minas Gerais was collected between July 2012 and June 2013, as well as visiting and apllying questionnaire to all of them. The data were used to calculate the technical, economical and financial ratios and also to characterize the properties. The indicators were compared using Kruskal Wallis and Wilcoxon tests to compare means between the properties on three levels of return on investment. Then the Spearman correlation test was applied to calculate the indicators correlation of all variables in relation to financial end economical indicators. The economic and financial indicators showed high levels of correlation and mean differences between each other. The others that stood out was the ratio of spending on labor/gross income and losts with animal death. According to the correlation tests, the variable MARGIN OF EBITDA was more correlated with other indicators related to the financial return of the activity and therefore was considered the main financial control to use on productive activities.

A cadeia produtiva do leite no Brasil se caracteriza pela carência na utilização de ferramentas de gestão e financeiras para o controle da atividade. Atualmente algumas linhas de pesquisa estão trazendo para o meio rural a utilização de indicadores de origem econômica e financeira para complementarem os já utilizados de origem técnica como indicadores de produtividade, escala de produção etc. Este trabalho objetivou correlacionar indicadores técnicos, econômicos e financeiros de propriedades produtoras de leite localizadas em Minas Gerais para buscar quais seriam os de eleição para acompanhamento e quais estariam mais relacionados à rentabilidade e retorno financeiro. Foram coletados dados mensais de 15 propriedades mineiras do período correspondido entre julho de 2012 e junho de 2013, além de visita e aplicação de questionário às mesmas. Os dados obtidos foram utilizados para o cálculo de índices técnicos, econômicos e financeiros e também para caracterização das propriedades. Sobre os indicadores foram aplicados os testes de Kruskal Wallis e Wilcoxon para comparar as médias entre as propriedades em relação aos três níveis de retorno sobre o Investimento da propriedade. Em seguida aplicou-se o teste de correlação de Spearman para cálculo dos indicadores de correlação de todas variáveis em relação aos indicadores de cunho econômico financeiro. Os indicadores econômicos e financeiros revelaram altos índices de correlação e diferenças entre médias entre si. Dos demais se destacaram, a relação de gasto com mão de obra /receita bruta e a perda com morte de animais. De acordo com os testes de correlação, a variável MARGEM DE EBITDA foi a que mais se correlacionou com os demais indicadores relacionados ao retorno financeiro da atividade e por isso foi a considerada a principal no controle financeiro das atividades produtivas. / Milk production chain in Brazil is characterized by deficiency in the use of financial management and to control the activity tools. Nowadays some researches are bringing to the rural environment the using of indicators of economic and financial source to complement those already used from technical origin as indicators of productivity, production scale etc. This study aimed to correlate technical, economic and financial indicators of milk-producing farms located in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, to find what indicators would be elected to follow and which would be more related to profitability and financial returns. Monthly data of 15 properties from Minas Gerais was collected between July 2012 and June 2013, as well as visiting and apllying questionnaire to all of them. The data were used to calculate the technical, economical and financial ratios and also to characterize the properties. The indicators were compared using Kruskal Wallis and Wilcoxon tests to compare means between the properties on three levels of return on investment. Then the Spearman correlation test was applied to calculate the indicators correlation of all variables in relation to financial end economical indicators. The economic and financial indicators showed high levels of correlation and mean differences between each other. The others that stood out was the ratio of spending on labor/gross income and losts with animal death. According to the correlation tests, the variable MARGIN OF EBITDA was more correlated with other indicators related to the financial return of the activity and therefore was considered the main financial control to use on productive activities.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:37:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_raquel_schiavon_schiavon.pdf: 257573 bytes, checksum: 125a6491b4a891d11375f18fb736ae73 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-28 / The different dairy production systems and heterogeneity of processes in Brazil has different inputs impact on production. The production system is one of the factors that may influence the cost and profitability. The aim of this study was characterize the different production systems in Central Eastern of Paraná and identify variables that can predict performance in different economic systems. Monthly data of area, economic and productive performance and dairy quality results of 50 farms records were collected. The collected indicators were referent the period from November 2008 to October 2010. The Kruskal-Wallis test and descriptive analysis were doing to characterize and compare the production systems. After a factor analysis was performed too and the results were used in the Linear Regression Analysis. The systems were very different, defining the properties between intensive and semi intensive production, according to size, zootechnical and economical indicators performance. The variables were then grouped into six factors, according to Factor Analysis. The Factor II was composed by Fat (%) and protein (%) variables and the Factor III by rate capacity (UA/ha) and Productivity (l/ha/year) variable. The Factor II and Factor III were significant (p<0.05) on prediction of dependent variable Price Paid (R$/l). The Linear Regression result showed that approximately 13% of price paid to producers can be attributed to fat and protein milk composition and yield properties. / O impacto dos insumos sobre a atividade leiteira varia em função da existência de diferentes modelos de produção e da heterogeneidade dos processos produtivos no Brasil. Entre os fatores que podem influenciar o custo e a rentabilidade está o tipo de sistema de produção. O objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar os diferentes sistemas de produção da região Centro-Oriental do Paraná e identificar as variáveis que podem predizer o desempenho econômico nos diferentes sistemas. Foram coletados registros mensais e gerados indicadores de tamanho e desempenho, econômico, zootécnico e resultado de qualidade do leite de 50 propriedades, referente ao período de novembro de 2008 a outubro de 2010. A análise descritiva e o Teste Kruskal-Wallis foram realizados para caracterizar e comparar os sistemas de produção. Logo após, uma Análise Fatorial foi executada e os resultados utilizados na Análise de Regressão Linear. Os sistemas apresentaram características distintas, definindo as propriedades entre intensivas e semi intensivas, de acordo com os indicadores de tamanho e desempenho, zootécnicos e econômicos. As variáveis foram então agrupadas em 6 Fatores, de acordo com a Análise Fatorial, sendo que o Fator II, formado pelo agrupamento das variáveis Gordura (%) e Proteína (%) e o Fator III, formado pelas variáveis Taxa de Lotação (UA/ha) e Produtividade (l/ha/ano) apresentaram efeito (p<0,05) sobre a predição da variável dependente Preço Pago (R$/l). A análise de regressão linear demonstrou que aproximadamente 13% do preço pago aos produtores na região Centro-Oriental do Paraná pode ser atribuído aos resultados de composição do leite quanto ao percentual de gordura e proteína e a produtividade das propriedades.

Master of Agribusiness / Department of Agricultural Economics / Arlo Biere / The objective of this thesis is to examine the factors that a producer will want to consider when choosing the milk cooling and storage system for the dairy farm. The two systems studied are the traditional, on-farm, bulk tank system and the more recently developed, direct tanker loading system that uses glycol chilling plates. As a long-term investment, the choice of the refrigeration and storage system will have an impact on at least four dimensions of the dairy business. The capital cost of the milk cooling/storage system can range from 2% to 5% of the total capital investment in the farm. Milk cooling costs can also account for as much as 25% of the farm’s total electric costs. The system selected can also have an impact on the hauling charges and the hauling charges can account for as much as 10% of the dairy’s gross revenue. Lastly, the storage system selected may influence the range of markets available to the producer as not all processors accept milk from farms using direct tanker loading. Using an economic engineering approach, three hypothetical farm sizes were considered: milking 700, milking 1,400, and milking 2,100 cows. Capital and operating cost data were collected from three major dairy equipment manufacturers that service the Upper Midwest. Capital expenses for each size farm were priced for conventional bulk tanks and then also priced for glycol plate chiller systems that load directly into tanker trailers. The comparison of annualized costs of ownership for all three farm sizes shows only minor differences in the two systems. For the 700 cow farm, a direct tanker loading system saved 0.24% over the total capital investment; for the 1,400 cow farm, a direct tanker loading system saved 0.97%; and for the 2,100 cow farm, a direct tanker loading system saved 1.19%. Thus, differences in hauling charges, which will vary with each situation, become critical to the choice. Because the overall cost of the two systems are so close, one can expect that the peripheral and non-economic issues may be much more influential on each producer’s decision. Given the known differences in hauling charges, one can conclude that for the 700 cow farm, conventional tanks would be the preferred choice. For the 1,400 cow farm and the 2,100 cow farm, the determining factors come down to the differences in hauling charges and long-term goals for the farm business.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2018-05-09T13:59:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Marcos Pinheiro Franque.pdf: 14895648 bytes, checksum: 175b19f715efd4282c83347a6d0ce674 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-09T13:59:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Marcos Pinheiro Franque.pdf: 14895648 bytes, checksum: 175b19f715efd4282c83347a6d0ce674 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-19 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico, CNPq, Brasil. / This work describes the dairy farms profile and of its owners, as well as the epidemiological condition of the herd to Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina and Anaplasma marginale infection in the south mesorregi?o Espirito-santense, with base in a serologic study. Owners or manager of 38 dairy farms were interviewed with a semi-structured questionnaire and the data analyzed by descriptive statistics. In 97% of the dairy farms, the herd was formed by animals with different degrees of blood girolando. Of all producers, 61% were exclusively dairy farms owners and 34% were also coffee producer. The extensive creation system is used in 61% of dairy farms. The dairy farms management, in 89% and 11% of the cases were accomplished by the owners and administrators, respectively. The serologic study was accomplished using indirect ELISA of 756 samples of bovine serum, 380 of dairy cows and 376 of calves in breast feeding phase. The mesorregi?o studied was classified in situation of stability for B. bovis (98,4%), B. bigemina (96,7%) and A. marginale (96,6%) to dairy cows. In relation to the calves was observed prevalence of 75,5% to Babesia bovis, 78,5% to B. bigemina and 69,2% to A. marginale. In general, the results demonstrated that is possible to increase the production and productivity of these dairy farms, but is necessary the owners adapts to the current competitive productive milk system, mainly about the managerial aspect. In the south mesorregi?o Esp?rito-santense the risk of occurrence of outbreaks of babesiosis or anaplasmosis in adult animals is low. However, preventive measured should be adopted for the calves, mainly for those with less to three months of age. / Este trabalho descreve o perfil de propriedades leiteiras e dos produtores, bem como a situa??o epidemiol?gica do rebanho da mesorregi?o sul Esp?rito-santense em rela??o ? Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina e Anaplasma marginale, com base em um estudo sorol?gico. Propriet?rios ou administradores de 38 estabelecimentos produtores foram entrevistados com uso de um question?rio semi-estruturado e os dados analisados atrav?s de estat?stica descritiva. Em 97% das propriedades visitadas, o rebanho leiteiro era formado por animais com diferentes graus de sangue girolando. Dentre os produtores, 61% se dedicavam exclusivamente a produ??o leiteira e 34% tamb?m se dedicavam ? cafeicultura. O sistema de cria??o extensiva foi utilizado em 61% das propriedades. Foi observado que o gerenciamento, em 89% e 11% dos casos era realizado pelos propriet?rios e administradores, respectivamente. O estudo sorol?gico foi realizado utilizando o m?todo de ELISA indireto a partir de 756 amostras de soro bovino, dos quais 380 de vacas em lacta??o e 376 de bovinos jovens em fase de aleitamento. Para vacas em lacta??o, a mesorregi?o foi classificada em situa??o de estabilidade para B. bovis (98,4%), B. bigemina (96,7%) e A. marginale (96,6%). Em rela??o aos bovinos jovens foi observada preval?ncia de 75,5% para Babesia bovis, 78,5% para B. bigemina e 69,2% para A. marginale. Os resultados demonstraram que, em geral, as propriedades possuem potencial para aumentar sua produ??o e produtividade, mas os produtores precisam se adequar ao competitivo sistema de produ??o de leite, principalmente no aspecto gerencial. Na mesorregi?o sul Esp?rito-santense o risco de ocorr?ncia de surtos das doen?as do Complexo Tristeza Parasit?ria Bovina ? baixo para os animais adultos. Contudo, medidas preventivas devem ser adotadas para os bezerros, principalmente para aqueles com menos de tr?s meses de idade.

Cette thèse a pour objectif d’apporter une contribution à l’analyse de la relation entre formes d’organisation et performance environnementale des exploitations agricoles. Elle étudie les liens entre d’une part, la manière dont l’exploitation est organisée et gouvernée et, d’autre part, l’ensemble des pratiques qui fondent son profil environnemental. Elle offre une revue de la littérature économique relative à l’analyse de la performance environnementale des exploitations agricoles et de ses déterminants. Dans le prolongement des propositions théoriques relevant de l’économie néo-institutionnelle et de l’économie évolutionniste, elle propose un cadre analytique de la relation entre formes d’exploitation et profils environnementaux. Ce cadre est appliqué au cas des exploitations agricoles laitières autour de trois chapitres complémentaires, qui combinent à la fois une approche quantitative mobilisant des données du Recensement agricole français de 2010, et une approche qualitative basée sur des monographies d’exploitations réalisées au Brésil. Ainsi, cette thèse contribue à la littérature empirique sur la performance environnementale par son approche systémique et multicritère des exploitations laitières qui permet la construction d’un profil de pratiques agro-environnementales. Dans l’analyse des déterminants de ce profil, elle montre l’importance d’une conception de l’exploitation en tant que système complexe doté d’une structure, d’une gouvernance et d’une capacité d’adaptation propres, et évoluant en interaction avec son environnement externe. La thèse montre enfin qu’il n’existe pas un alignement strict entre formes d’organisation et performance environnementale mais que certaines formes d’exploitation sont plus aptes que d’autres à prendre en compte certaines pratiques agro-environnementales. / This thesis contributes to the analysis of the relationship between farm’s forms of organization and environmental performance. The links between the way in which farm is organized and governed and all the practices related with its environmental profile will be studied. First, the economic literature about environmental performance of farms and its determinants will be reviewed. Based on the insights of the neo-institutional and the evolutionary economics, an analytical framework of the relationship between forms of organization and environmental profiles will be proposed. This framework will then be applied to dairy farms in three complementary chapters. These chapters combine both quantitative approach using data from the French agricultural census of 2010 and a qualitative approach from semi-directive interviews carried out in Brazil. An insight to the empirical literature on environmental performance will be provided thanks to a systemic and multi-criteria approach of dairy farms thought a profile of agro-environmental practices. The analysis of the determinants also shows the importance of studying the farm as complex system with its own structure, governance and adaptability evolving in its external environment. Finally, the thesis bring out that there is no strict alignment between forms of organization and environmental performance. However, certain forms are more apt than others to take into account certain agro-environmental practices.

La tesi ha un filo logico che inizia con la quantificazione e caratterizzazione degli impatti ambientali della produzione del latte. La ricerca prosegue con l'analisi delle opzioni per mitigare questi impatti, tra cui la produzione di biogas da reflui zootecnici. Il passo successivo è stato quello di analizzare la sostenibilità ambientale della co-digestione della biomassa da colture dedicate e reflui zootecnici. La digestione anaerobica dei reflui zootecnici per la produzione di biogas e la sua combustione per produrre energia elettrica è risultata un approccio tecnologico efficace per ridurre le emissioni di gas serra in quanto riduce le emissioni dallo stoccaggio dei liquami e sostituisce la produzione di energia elettrica da combustibili fossili. La produzione di biogas da biomassa da colture dedicate, anche se non fornisce benefici ambientali di per sé, può essere considerata come una opzione per facilitare e incrementare la digestione dei reflui, ma la biomassa da colture dedicate deve essere utilizzato in modeste quantità. I risultati di questa tesi - realizzati utilizzando la metodologia LCA - possono aiutare i responsabili politici nella pianificazione delle misure volte ad aumentare la sostenibilità della produzione del latte e del biogas nelle aziende zootecniche. / The thesis has a logical thread that starts with the quantification and characterization of the environmental impacts of milk production. The research continues with the analysis of the options for mitigating these impacts, among which biogas production from manure results very effective. The next step was to analyse the environmental sustainability of co-digestion of manure and energy crops. The anaerobic digestion of manure to biogas and its combustion to produce electricity resulted as an effective technological approach to mitigate GHG emissions because it reduces the emissions from slurry storage and contributes to the displacement of electricity generation from fossil fuels. Biogas production from energy crops, although not providing environmental benefits per se, may be regarded as an option to facilitate and increase the digestion of manure, if allowed only in small shares. The results of this thesis – achieved using LCA methodology – can assist policy makers in the planning of measures aimed at increasing the sustainability of milk and biogas production from dairy farms.

This thesis presents problems of small dairy farm on the example of farm operations employed in the South Bohemian Region. It will define the goal of the work focused on the evaluation of the current situation in farm processing of milk with regard to the objective of the Common Agricultural Policy after 2013. The strategy aims to increase the efficiency of agricultural production.