This thesis analyzes the probable outcome of the fictitious failure of a dam under a set of pre-defined scenarios, within the framework of a case study, the case subject being the Cinarcik Dam located within Bursa Province of Turkey. The failure of the dam is not analyzed neither structural nor hydraulic-wise but is assumed to be triggered when certain critical criteria are exceeded. Hence, the analyses focus on the aftermath of the failure and strive to anticipate the level of inundation downstream of the dam itself. For the purpose of the analyses, the FLDWAV software developed by the National Weather Service of USA is used to spatially and temporally predict the flow profiles, water surface elevations and discharges occurring downstream of the &Ccedil / inarcik Dam under the defined set of scenarios. Based on these analyses, indicative inundation maps and settlements under risk will be identified, and the thesis study will further address some available pre-event measures that may be taken in advance.

Thesis (M. Eng.(Structural Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

There are multiple dam failures and dam safety incidents every year in the United States. There are currently no standard policy requirements for when or how to conduct failure or incident investigations. This paper first reviews one of the most significant failures in US history, the failure of Buffalo Creek Dam No. 3 in order to explore the impacts of one significant failure on dam safety policy in the US. The paper then explores the currents state of the industry by reviewing 58 different dam failure or incident investigation reports based on incidents that occurred in the United States from 1960 through 2022. The investigations were analyzed and evaluated for characteristics such as the length of time for the investigation team to get on site, the amount of time to complete the full investigation, what organization funded the investigation, independence of the investigation team, scope of the investigation and several other parameters. This paper makes ten recommendations for improving investigations in the future, including recommended definitions for incidents and failures. The overall purpose was to incorporate all this information to propose legislation that describes the process of performing dam safety incident and failure investigations. The legislation draws from analyses already mentioned and a review of five industry-sponsored safety incident investigation guidelines: (1) the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) for investigations of airplane, rail, marine and highway incidents/crashes, in addition to pipeline failures and hazardous material incidents, (2) the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for building failures, (3) The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for the nuclear industry, (4) The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for work safety incidents, and (5) the currently proposed legislation for the National Disaster Safety Board. The proposed dam safety incident and dam failure legislation defines a dam safety incident as an event where a failure mode initiates and progresses but does not lead to an uncontrolled release from the reservoir. It defines dam failure as an event where a failure mode initiates, progresses and leads to an uncontrolled release water from the reservoir. Failures are of three types: low consequence, significant consequence and high consequence. The legislation proposes that all high consequence failures and all failures and incidents that cause evacuations of 500 or more people get federally conducted and funded investigations.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In South Africa a large number of dams owned by the Department of Water Affairs (DWA) need to be rehabilitated. This study investigated the decision process involved in the prioritisation of dams for rehabilitation. DWA developed a risk analysis methodology for defining the risks associated with dam safety, expressed as the combination of the probability and consequences of dam failure. These risks are evaluated usingmultiple acceptability criteria to assess risk to human life and the economic, social, socio-economic and environmental impacts of dam failure. In this study, the criteria used in the decision process to evaluate the acceptability of life safety risks were evaluated by comparing to international best practice methods, where the acceptability of risk to human life is commonly assessed as the expected number of fatalities against life safety criteria presented as FN-criteria on an FN-diagram. Damrehabilitation should reduce the probability of dam failure, thereby reducing the risk to society in terms of the expected lives lost. However, the rehabilitation works come at a cost and the level of these investments are usually large. In addition, the rehabilitation of South African government owned dams are financed by society and these financial resources are limited. Thus investments into dam rehabilitation works should be worthwhile for society. Society’s Willingness to Pay (SWTP) for safety was applied to South African dam safety to determine the acceptable level of expenditure into life safety that is required by society. Investments into improved safety levels are not always dictated by society, but could also be driven by the decision maker or owner requiring an economically optimal solution for the rehabilitation. Economic optimisation accounts for considerations additional to life safety, including economic motivations, damage costs of dam failure as well as compensation costs for lives lost. Often economic optimisation would govern the decision problem. Also, the DWA current evaluation does not take the cost of rehabilitation into account in any way. Thus, FN-criteria that primarily evaluates life safety, but also incorporates a measure of economic efficiency, were suggested in this study. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In Suid-Afrika moet ’n groot aantal dammewat deur dieDepartement vanWaterwese (DWA) besit word gerehabiliteer word. Hierdie studie het die besluitnemingsproses ondersoekwat toegepasword om damme te prioritiseer vir rehabilitasiewerke. DWA het ’n bestaande metodologie wat gebaseer is op risiko-analise. Die risikos wat verband hou met damveiligheid word deur die metode bepaal en word uitgedruk as die kombinasie van waarskynlikheid en die beraamde gevolge van damfaling. Hierdie risikosword geëvalueer teenoor verskeie kriteriawat die aanvaarbaarheid van risikos teenoor menselewens en die ekonomiese, sosiale, sosio-ekonomiese en omgewingsimpakte van damfalings assesseer. In hierdie studie word die kriteria wat gebruik word in die besluitnemingsproses om die aanvaarbaarheid van risikos teenoor menselewens te bepaal geëvalueer deur die kriteria te vergelyk met metodes wat internasionaal as beste praktyk beskou word. Internasionaal word die aanvaarbaarheid van risikos teenoor menselewens oor die algemeen as die verwagte aantal sterftes teenoor lewensveiligheidskriteria FN-kriteria op ’n FN-diagram geassesseer. Dam rehabilitasiewerke behoort die waarskynlikheid van damfaling te verminder, sodoende verminder die risiko teenoor die samelewing in terme van verwagte sterftes. Die rehabilitasiewerke vereis finansiële beleggings, en hierdie beleggings is gewoonlik groot. Verder word die rehabilitasie van Suid-Afrikaanse damme wat deur DWA besit word deur samelewing gefinansier en hierdie finasiële hulpbronne is beperk. Dus moet hierdie beleggings die moeite werd wees vir die samelewing. Die samelewing se bereidwilligheidomte betaal ("SWTP") vir veiligheid word toegepas in Suid- Afrikaanse damveiligheidomdie aanvaarbare vlak van beleggings vir ’n verbeterde veiligheid teenoor menselewens wat deur die samelewing vereis word te bepaal. Beleggings in verbeterde damveiligheidsvlakke word egter nie altyd bepaal deur die samelewing nie,maar kan ook gedryf word deur die besluitnemer of eienaar wat ’n ekonomies optimale oplossing vir die rehabilitatiesewerke vereis. Ekonomiese optimering neem oorwegings addisioneel tot lewensveiligheid in ag, insluitend ekonomiese motiverings, skade kostes as die dam faal, sowel as vergoedingskostes vir die verwagte sterftes. Ekonomiese optimering beheer dikwels die besluitnemingsprobleem. Verder neem die huidige DWA besluitnemingssproses in geen manier die kostes van rehabilitasie in ag nie. Dus word FN-kriteria wat hoofsaaklik veiligheid teenoor menselewens evalueer,maar wat ook ’n mate van ekonomiese doeltreffendheid insluit, voorgestel in hierdie studie.

[pt] Este trabalho utiliza o caso do desastre de Mariana (2015) como casogatilho para analisar a abordagem jurídica das corporações no contexto de produção econômica de falhas em barragens de rejeito. A personalidade jurídica de corporações carrega o mistério de ser similar a uma pessoa física, juridicamente, ao mesmo tempo em que completamente diferente de uma pessoa humana quando vista por fora da dimensão jurídica. Assim sendo, é analisado o conceito de personalidade jurídica corporativa conforme as teorias hegemônicas do direito, revelando suas insuficiências para abordar o caso do desastre de Mariana. Em seguida, são a avaliadas alternativas teóricas nos estudos de Evguieni Pachukanis e alguns autores que fazem referência aos seus conceitos. Os limites e potencialidades identificados na construção teórica pachukaniana conduzem à elaboração preliminar do conceito de personalidade jurídica corporativa e suas dinâmicas internas em dois passos. Primeiro, revisitando as teorias do fetichismo do capital e da forma-valor, que levam à uma melhor compreensão de formas mais desenvolvidas e fetichizadas como no caso do capital portador de juros, bem como o papel das transações jurídicas no circuito do capital. Segundo, revisitando a construção histórica da forma corporativa e dos seus atributos legais nos Estados Unidos da América e Reino Unido. Finalmente, são propostas algumas características e dinâmicas para interpretação da personalidade jurídica corporativa, considerando as variáveis descritas na análise prévia do desastre de Mariana. / [en] This work uses the Mariana mining disaster (2015) as a trigger case to analyze how corporations are legally perceived in the context of disasters, specifically, tailings dam failures. The legal personality of corporations carries the mystery of being similar to a natural person judicially at the same time that are completely different from a human person when analyzed outside of the legal realm. Under that puzzle, the corporate legal personality nature was analyzed before the hegemonic theories of Brazilian legal scholars, revealing their insufficiencies to approach the Mariana Mining Disaster. Subsequently, an alternative approach is assessed through the studies of Evguieni Pashukanis and some recent authors that endorse his main ideas. Pashukanis reveals potentialities and limits that led to a proper elaboration of the corporate legal personhood concept and its internal dynamics in two steps. Firstly, revisiting the capital fetishism and the value-form theories, which led to a better understanding of the most developed and fetishized forms of capital, the interest bearing capital, as well as the contradictory developments between the capital and productive circuits. Secondly, revisiting the historic construction of the corporate form and its legal features in both USA and United Kingdom, in order to perceive the ascension of the corporate legal personality concept. Finally, some the corporate legal personhood concept characteristics and dynamics are proposed. / [de] Diese Dissertation nimmt den Fall der Tragodie von Mariana (2015) als Ausgangspunkt, um zu analysieren, wie Unternehmen im Zusammenhang von Naturkatastrophen – insbesondere von Dammbrüchen – rechtlich wahrgenommen werden. Unternehmen als juristische Personen tragen ein Geheimnis in sich: Einerseits sind sie rechtlich gesehen den natürlichen Personen ahnlich, andererseits sind sie aber auberhalb des rechtlichen Raums ganz anders als menschliche Personen. Zunachst wird der von den vorherrschenden Rechtstheorien vertretene Begriff der Rechtspersonlichkeit des Unternehmens herausgearbeitet und dessen Unzugänglichkeiten bei der Analyse der Tragodie von Mariana werden aufgezeigt. Anschliebend wird der alternative Ansatz von Evguieni Pashukanis und seinen Nachfolgern analysiert. Die bei Pashukanis identifizierten Grenzen und Potenziale fuhren zu der Formulierung eines neuen Begriffs der Rechtspersonlichkeit des Unternehmens und deren internen Dynamiken, und zwar in zwei Schritten. Erstens werden die Konzeption des Kapitalfetischismus und die der Wertform wieder aufgegriffen, was zu einem besseren Verstandnis der entwickeltesten und fetischisiertesten Auspragungen des Phänomens führt, namlich des Falles des verzinslichen Kapitals sowie der Rolle juristischer Transaktionen im Kapitalkreislauf. Zweitens wird die historische Konstruktion der Unternehmensform und deren rechtlichen Eigenschaften sowohl in den USA als auch in Grobbritannien rekonstruiert. Zum Schluss werden einige Merkmale und Dynamiken zur Deutung der Rechtspersonlichkeit des Unternehmens vorgeschlagen, wobei die Variablen berücksichtigt werden, die in der vorherigen Analyse der Tragodie von Mariana beschrieben wurden.