Ce document est dédié à mes travaux de recherche développés au cours des six dernières années sur la conception et l'évaluation de systèmes de réseaux sans fil et est le résultat d'un certain nombre de collaborations. En particulier, mon objectif principal a été le soutien à la livraison fiable de données dans les réseaux sans fil auto-organisés. La question centrale, qui a guidée mes activités de recherche, est la suivante: "quels sont les services réseaux sous-jacents à la bonne conception de stratégies de communication sans fil dans les systèmes de réseaux auto-organisés (fixe ou mobile)?". Les réseaux auto-organisés (WSONs) ont des caractéristiques intrinsèques et, par conséquent, nécessitent des solutions particulières qui les distinguent des réseaux traditionnels basés sur des graphes. Les différents types de WSONs nécessitent des services adaptatifs ciblés pour faire face à leur nature (i.e., la mobilité, la limitation des ressources, le manque de fiabilité des communications sans fil,. . .) et pour trouver une adéquation entre leur fonctionnement et l'environnement. Influencée par de telles observations, mes activités de recherche ont été guidées par l'objectif principal de fournir au niveau du réseau un soutien à la livraison fiable de données dans les réseaux sans fil auto-organisés. Les axes de recherche, que j'ai développés avec mes collègues dans ce contexte, sont classés comme étant des services adaptifs "au niveau noeud" et "au niveau réseau" et se distinguent par le niveau auquel l'adaptation est considérée. Mes contributions, liées à la première catégorie de service, reposent sur les services de localisation et de découverte de voisinage. En raison de la limitation de page, ce manuscrit est, cependant, consacré à la recherche que j'ai menée autour des services adaptatifs au niveau du réseau. Par conséquent, il est structuré en trois chapitres principaux correspondants à trois classes de services réseaux : des services de gestion de la topologie, des services de gestion des données et des services de routage et d'acheminement. Ma première contribution concerne des services de gestion de la topologie, qui sont réalisés grâce à l'adaptation des noeuds - en imposant une hiérarchie dans le réseau via la clusterisation ou en supprimant des noeuds du graphe du réseau en les éteignant - et par la mobilité contrôlée - qui affecte à la fois la présence de noeuds et de liens, ainsi que la qualité des liens dans le graphe du réseau. Se basant sur l'adaptation de noeuds, le protocole SAND, les systèmes VINCOS et NetGeoS qui portent respectivement sur la conservation d'énergie et sur l'auto-structuration des réseaux de capteurs sans fil (WSN) ont été proposés. Ensuite, se basant sur la mobilité contrôlée, des propositions, liées à la conception de trajectoire de Hilbert et du protocole Cover, ont été présentées. Elles se concentrent sur le déploiement de solutions pour la couverture de zone avec des noeuds mobiles et ont été conçues pour surveiller périodiquement une zone géographique ou pour couvrir des noeuds de capteurs mobiles (cibles). Considérant les services de gestion de données, mes contributions se rapportent à la collecte des données - qui implique des solutions de distribution de données avec des objectifs liés a l'organisation - et la diffusion des données - où les flux de données sont dirigés vers le réseau. Pour cela, les protocoles DEEP et Supple ont été conçus pour les réseaux de capteurs sans fil, tandis que FairMix et VIP delegation se concentrent sur la diffusion d'information dans les réseaux sans fil sociaux. En particulier, afin d'améliorer la diffusion des données, FairMix et VIP delegation, exploitent les similarités des intérêts sociaux des personnes ou des groupes dans les réseaux fixes ou l'aspect social de leurs interactions sans fil dans les réseaux mobiles. Finalement, mes travaux sur les services adaptatifs d'acheminement attaquent la problèmatique de la connectivité opportuniste dans les réseaux sans fil tolérants aux délais. Dans ce contexte, les protocoles Seeker et GrAnt ont été conçus et utilisent respectivement l'histoire du contact entre les noeuds (les schémas de contact et de communication) et les propriétés des réseaux sociaux de noeuds afin de prédire les futures rencontres et de mieux ajuster les décisions de transfert. Au regard des nouvelles possibilités de communication et du changement dynamique observé au cours des dernières années dans les réseaux sans fil, mes activités de recherche se sont progressivement orientés des réseaux auto-organisés connectés vers les réseaux connectés par intermittence et opportunistes. De cette façon, mes perspectives de recherche future sont: (1) tirer profit des schémas de mobilité incontrôlée des dispositifs mobiles pervasifs pour améliorer les efforts de perception collaborative; (2) regarder plus en profondeur les techniques de génération de graphes sociaux à partir des traces décrivant les contacts entre les noeuds; (3) étudier quels sont les facteurs ayant un impact (positif ou négatif) sur le succès de la diffusion de l'information dans les réseaux sociaux mobiles, et (4) étudier la possibilité d'adapter le codage réseau à la diffusion d'information dans les réseaux sociaux mobiles.

<p>Bakgrund: Enligt lagen om skydd mot olyckor (SFS 2003:778) skall en olycksundersökning genomföras vid alla olyckor i skälig omfattning i syfte att finna orsak, händelseförlopp och utvärdering av räddningsinsatsen (SFS 2003:778, kap3, 10§). Bland genomförda olycksundersökningar i Sveriges kommuner har Statens Räddningsverk identifierat en stor inbördes variation gällande innehållet i utredningarna och brister vid vidarebefordring till myndigheten för statistisk analys. Uppsatsen är därför ett led i myndighetens utveckling av stödet för datainsamlingen vid kommunala olycksundersökningar i syfte att förbättra förutsättningarna för goda lärdomar vid olyckor.</p><p>Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är tvådelat. Att först analysera vilka erfarenheter som samlas in av de kommunala olycksutredarna och därefter verifiera resultaten utifrån tidigare forskningsresultat.</p><p>Metod och material: Med metoden kvalitativ innehållsanalys har ett urval av kommunala olycksundersökningar analyserats (n=21), där insamlade erfarenheter har kategoriserats i ett antal gemensamma teman. Underlaget (n=68) är hämtat från Statens Räddningsverk och bestod av alla vidarebefordrade kommunala olycksundersökningar mellan 2005 till och med april 2007 fördelade över 8 klassifikationer.</p><p>Resultatdiskussion: Utifrån tidigare forskningsresultat har sedermera resultaten verifierats. Konklusionen av uppsatsen redovisas i ett antal förslag på riktlinjer som bör tolkas som ett stöd vid datainsamlingen gällande kommunala olycksundersökningar. Uppsatsen är en förstudie då underlaget bör utökas och resultaten prövas empiriskt innan riktlinjerna praktiskt tillämpas.</p> / <p>Background: According to the legislation regarding protection against accidents (SFS 2003:778) shall an accident investigation be implemented at a reasonable depth to find reason, development and evaluation of the rescue initiative (SFS 2003:778, chp3, 10§). Among implemented accident investigations in Sweden's municipalities has the Swedish Rescue Services Agency identified large mutual variation the current content in the investigations and deficiencies at forwarding them to the authority for statistical analysis. This essay is therefore part of the authority's development of the aid for the collection of data regarding municipal accident investigations in aim to improve the conditions to draw important knowledge from accidents.</p><p>Aim: The aim with this essay is two-folded. To first analyze which experiences that are collected from the municipal accident investigators and then verify the results on the basis of earlier research results.</p><p>Method and materials: With the method Qualitative Content Analysis has a selection of municipal accident investigations been analyzed (n=21), where collected experiences have been categorized in a number common themes. The basis (n=68) is retrieved from the Swedish Rescue Service Agency and is comprised of all forwarded municipal accident investigations between 2005 up to and including April 2007 distributed over 8 classifications.</p><p>Results: On the basis of earlier research the results have been verified. The conclusion of the essay is presented in a number proposals on guidelines that should be interpreted as an aid regarding the data collection at municipal accident investigations. The essay is a preliminary study where the basis should be increased and the results examined empirically before the guidelines can be practical applied.</p>

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mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt / mso-para-margin-top:0cm / mso-para-margin-right:0cm / mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt / mso-para-margin-left:0cm / line-height:115% / mso-pagination:widow-orphan / font-size:11.0pt / font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif" / mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri / mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin / mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri / mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin / mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman" / mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi / mso-fareast-language:EN-US / } </style> <![endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal">This study supports the need for information literacy training for first year or new incoming Community and Health Science (CHS) students at the University of the Western Cape (UWC) and describes the use of a collaborative framework for integrating information literacy into the undergraduate studentsʹ curriculum and for assessing the results. The Collaborative Information Literacy Model (CILM) provided the guidelines for a more structured and fuller collaboration between the librarian and the lecturer responsible for the first year Physiotherapy students. The collaborative partnership employed strategies to teach information literacy competencies which were significantly more satisfactory with the studentsʹ abilities to successfully complete a research term paper. The process of integration began with developing learning outcomes, an information literacy program, exercises and an assessment instrument for evaluating student performance. Also emphasized is the on-going exchange of expertise between the librarian and the lecturer to enhance library-related components in the design of the program.</p>

<p>&nbsp / This study supports the need for information literacy training for first year or new incoming Community and Health Science (CHS) students at the University of the Western Cape (UWC) and describes the use of a collaborative framework for integrating information literacy into the undergraduate studentsʹ curriculum and for assessing the results. The Collaborative Information Literacy Model (CILM) provided the guidelines for a more structured and fuller collaboration between the librarian and the lecturer responsible for the first year Physiotherapy students. The collaborative partnership employed strategies to teach information literacy competencies which were significantly more satisfactory with the studentsʹ abilities to successfully complete a research term paper. The process of integration began with developing learning outcomes, an information literacy program, exercises and an assessment instrument for evaluating student performance. Also emphasized is the on-going exchange of expertise between the librarian and the lecturer to enhance library-related components in the design of the program.</p>

Most current-generation P2P content distribution protocols use fine-granularity blocks to distribute content in a decentralized fashion. Such systems often suffer from a significant variation in block distributions, such that certain blocks become rare or even unavailable, adversely affecting content availability and download efficiency. This phenomenon is further aggravated by peer dynamics which is inherent in P2P networks. In this thesis, we quantitatively analyze how network coding may improve block availability and introduce resilience to peer dynamics. Since in reality, network coding can only be performed within segments, each containing a subset of blocks, we explore the fundamental tradeoff between the resilience gain of network coding and its inherent coding complexity, as the number of blocks in a segment varies. As another application of the resilience of network coding, we also devise an indirect data collection scheme based on network coding for the purpose of large-scale network measurements.

Most current-generation P2P content distribution protocols use fine-granularity blocks to distribute content in a decentralized fashion. Such systems often suffer from a significant variation in block distributions, such that certain blocks become rare or even unavailable, adversely affecting content availability and download efficiency. This phenomenon is further aggravated by peer dynamics which is inherent in P2P networks. In this thesis, we quantitatively analyze how network coding may improve block availability and introduce resilience to peer dynamics. Since in reality, network coding can only be performed within segments, each containing a subset of blocks, we explore the fundamental tradeoff between the resilience gain of network coding and its inherent coding complexity, as the number of blocks in a segment varies. As another application of the resilience of network coding, we also devise an indirect data collection scheme based on network coding for the purpose of large-scale network measurements.

In this dissertation, we study data collection and its achievable network capacity in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Firstly, we investigate the data collection issue in dual-radio multi-channel WSNs under the protocol interference model. We propose a multi-path scheduling algorithm for snapshot data collection, which has a tighter capacity bound than the existing best result, and a novel continuous data collection algorithm with comprehensive capacity analysis. Secondly, considering most existing works for the capacity issue are based on the ideal deterministic network model, we study the data collection problem for practical probabilistic WSNs. We design a cell-based path scheduling algorithm and a zone-based pipeline scheduling algorithm for snapshot and continuous data collection in probabilistic WSNs, respectively. By analysis, we show that the proposed algorithms have competitive capacity performance compared with existing works. Thirdly, most of the existing works studying the data collection capacity issue are for centralized synchronous WSNs. However, wireless networks are more likely to be distributed asynchronous systems. Therefore, we investigate the achievable data collection capacity of realistic distributed asynchronous WSNs and propose a data collection algorithm with fairness consideration. Theoretical analysis of the proposed algorithm shows that its achievable network capacity is order-optimal as centralized and synchronized algorithms do and independent of network size. Finally, for completeness, we study the data aggregation issue for realistic probabilistic WSNs. We propose order-optimal scheduling algorithms for snapshot and continuous data aggregation under the physical interference model.

Historically, transportation asset management has focused on roadways and bridges, but more recently, many agencies are looking to extend their programs to ancillary assets such as traffic signs and guardrails. This thesis investigates the state of practice of managing these assets in order to assess the data and system needs for successful program implementation, and further reviews the opportunities for making a business case for formal management procedures based on quantified benefits of managing ancillary assets. The asset classes, selected from a review of asset management literature, include culverts, earth retaining structures, guardrails, mitigation features, pavement markings, sidewalks and curbs, street lights, traffic signals, traffic signs and utilities and manholes, with data as an information asset. Findings from a literature review showed that a number of agencies have made substantial efforts to manage their ancillary transportation assets; however, methods and practices vary. Specific state and municipal agencies identified from the literature review were surveyed for further details on their practices. The survey results show significant knowledge gaps in data collection cost estimates, and cost savings from the implementation of a transportation asset management program for ancillary assets. Finally, this work evaluates the opportunities to quantify the benefits of ancillary transportation asset management, indicating several challenges due to a lack of the data needed. The results obtained highlight the current state of practice, revealing opportunities and challenges for improving the management of ancillary transportation assets.

<p>Modern information technology increases the use of computers in training systems as well as in command-and-control systems in military services and public-safety organizations. This computerization combined with new threats present a challenging complexity. Situational awareness in evolving distributed operations and follow-up in training systems depends on humans in the field reporting observations of events. The use of this observer-reported information can be largely improved by implementation of models supporting both reporting and computer representation of objects and phenomena in operations.</p><p>This thesis characterises and describes observer model-based data collection in distributed tactical operations, where multiple, dispersed units work to achieve common goals. Reconstruction and exploration of multimedia representations of operations is becoming an established means for supporting taskforce training. We explore how modelling of operational processes and entities can support observer data collection and increase information content in mission histories. We use realistic exercises for testing developed models, methods and tools for observer data collection and transfer results to live operations.</p><p>The main contribution of this thesis is the systematic description of the model-based approach to using observers for data collection. Methodological aspects in using humans to collect data to be used in information systems, and also modelling aspects for phenomena occurring in emergency response and communication areas contribute to the body of research. We describe a general methodology for using human observers to collect adequate data for use in information systems. In addition, we describe methods and tools to collect data on the chain of medical attendance in emergency response exercises, and on command-and-control processes in several domains.</p>

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2009. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.