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Orientador: Luis Carlos Paschoarelli / Banca: Paulo Kawauchi / Banca: José Carlos Plácido da Silva / Resumo: As ferramentas de análise ergonômica foram criadas para analisar atividades repetitivas ou em série, conforme a demanda da época de criação das mesmas. Apesar disto, mesmo com a mudança do modo de execução das atividades, com as revoluções industriais ao longo dos anos, para a atividade multifuncional, estas ferramentas continuam sendo utilizadas até os dias atuais, independente da atividade avaliada.Mediante à isto, esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de avaliar a fidedignidade e a aplicabilidade de ferramentas de análise ergonômica, incluindo: checklist, softwares, filtros, critérios quantitativos, semi-quantitativos e qualitativos em atividades multifuncionais ou também chamadas de não-repetitivas. Para isto, foram selecionadas aleatoriamente 17 ferramentas sintetizadas em protocolos sem realizar alterações nas mesmas. Aplicando-se apenas 16, pelo fato de NIOSH não se enquadrar nas atividades estudadas. Foram selecionados os 10 mecânicos de válvulas encontrados no setor de manutenção de uma empresa metalúrgica. As variáveis estipuladas pelo pré-teste foram as atividades de lapidação e montagem de válvula manual globo de 3 polegadas, onde os 10 sujeitos realizou ambas atividades no período de 2 dias e as analistas aplicaram os 16 protocolos para cada atividade em cada sujeito, totalizando 310 aplicações, pois o Protocolo do Diagrama de Corlett foi aplicado apenas uma vez em cada sujeito mediante seu procedimento de aplicação. Após a compilação dos resultados, foram calculadas as médias dos scores de cada ferramenta e aplicado testes estatísticos para comparação das variávei, onde: apenas a ferramenta RULA obteve diferenças significativas (p<0,05). As demais ferramentas, exceto Malchaire, Rodgers e Keyserling et al., não obtiveram diferenças significativas (p>0,05). As 3 ferramentas citadas anteriormente não puderam ser comparadas estatisticamente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The ergonomics evaluation tools were created to evaluate repetitive activities or serial operations as requested at the time they were needed. By the way, the multifunctional activities have been improved since the industrial revolution period and the evaluation tools are still applied in different type of activity or business. Regarding this hypothetical situation, this research is to evaluate the reliability and applicability of ergonomics evaluation tools, taking into consideration checklists, software, filters, quantitative criteria, semi-quantitative and qualitative aspects in multifuncional activities or non-repeating. Based on that, it was selected 17 tools summarized in protocols without making any change, but only 16 were applied because NIOSH does not fit the objective of this research. It was selected 10 mechanical maintenance workers from a metallurgical valves company. The variables set for the pre-test were the cutting and manual valve assembly operations, and 10 workers have performed both activities within 2 days and 16 protocols were applied by the analysts for each activity in each worker. 310 applications were applied and only one in each subject throught the Diagram Protocol of Corlett. After summarizing the results, it was calculated the average score of each "tool" and it was applied statistical tests to compare the variable. Only RULA tool reached significant differences (p<0.05). All the other tools didn't demonstrate significant differences (p>0.05), excluding Malchaire, Rodgers and Keyserling, because they could not be compared statistically. So, it is concluded that only RULA is sensible for the multifunction activities studied here, and the others tools are not considered because they couldn't be applied with reliable results. / Mestre

As video has become more accessible, there has been an increase in the use of video for teacher reflection. Although past studies have investigated the use of video for teacher reflection, there is not a review of practices and processes for effective use of video analysis. The first article in this dissertation reviews 52 studies where teachers used video to reflect on their teaching. Most studies included in the review reported that video was a beneficial feedback method for teachers. However, few studies discussed how video encourages teachers to change their practices. The second article in this dissertations investigates the how video influences the teacher change process. The study found that teachers did change their practices as a result of using video analysis. Teachers reported that video analysis encouraged them to change because they were able to: (a) focus their analysis, (b) see their teaching from a new perspective, (c) feel accountable to change their practice, (d) remember to implement changes, and (e) see their progress.

Static analysis tools can be used to help programmers identify problems in their code. However, these tools often assume that developers have some programming background knowledge, so they can be hard to use in an educational context. We investigated the most common FindBugs errors from student code submissions and determined those errors that were related to incorrect solutions to problems and potential struggling for students. FindBugs is a static analysis tool that looks for incorrect patterns in Java bytecode analysis to identify potential coding flaws. For the common errors, we rewrote some of the original FindBugs messages to help students more easily understand the problems with their code. We found that students with at least one FindBugs warning in their final submission to an assignment had more submissions, longer work times, and lower correctness scores than students who did not have a FindBugs warning in their final submission. Adding modified FindBugs feedback to the automated grader resulted in students making fewer submissions and decreasing the length of time required to complete assignments. / Master of Science / Professional software developers use automated tools when they code to help them catch potential coding problems. These tools are difficult for novice student programmers because they do not have the same level of background as professionals. In this work, we attempted to change the feedback given by these tools so that students could understand it and use it to fix their code. We found that, across all of the undergraduate courses in this study, FindBugs warnings were associated with students having more trouble with assignments. When students could see FindBugs warnings, their time to complete assignments and the number of attempts they made both went down.

Étant donné l’investissement économique que représente le développement de produits innovants ainsi que leur faible taux de succès auprès du grand public, anticiper ce succès est devenu essentiel pour les industriels. Par conséquent, un cadre d’analyse centré sur l’expérience utilisateur met en avant l’émotion des individus comme critère déterminant pour prédire l’utilisation future d’un produit. Néanmoins, malgré les avantages des modèles issus de ce cadre d’analyse, ils apparaissent également comme étant limités du point de vue des prédictions qu’ils permettent de réaliser. Parallèlement, d’autres modèles issus de la théorie des intentions ont cherché à identifier les prédicteurs de l’intention comportementale des individus à utiliser pour la première fois ces produits ou bien ceux de l’intention comportementale des individus à les utiliser de nouveau. Ces modèles, comme le Technology Acceptance Model, l’Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology et le Consumer Acceptance of Technology, mettent en lien les attitudes envers les caractéristiques des produits et ces intentions d’utilisation. Cependant, ils posent également quelques problèmes vis-à-vis de leurs manières de prendre en compte l’émotion des individus.Pour répondre à la problématique de l’étude de l’émotion suscitée par des produits, nous proposons d’adopter le Component Process Model. Selon ce modèle l’émotion est le résultat de modifications internes et externes qui peuvent être regroupées en cinq composantes : la composante cognitive, la composante motivationnelle, la composante subjective, la composante expressive et la composante physiologique. Nous proposons d’utiliser ce modèle pour étudier spécifiquement l’influence de l’innovation des produits sur les émotions. Ainsi dans nos Études 1 et 2, nous monterons d’une part qu’il est possible d’analyser l’émotion suscitée par des produits avant même leur utilisation d’après trois des cinq composantes et d’autre part que ces émotions ne sont pas influencées par des caractéristiques propres aux individus. Ensuite dans nos Études 3 et 4, nous testerons expérimentalement ces composantes en comparant les émotions suscitées par les toutes premières utilisations de produits dits « innovants » avec l’utilisation de produits dits « communs ». Les résultats de ces études confirmeront l’intérêt qu’a l’utilisation du Component Process Model dans l’étude des émotions suscitées par des produits et plus particulièrement par des produits innovants. / Given the sizable economic investment of innovative products’ development, anticipating their success has become essential for companies. Therefore, a descriptive framework centered on user experience – also called UX – highlights individuals’ emotions as a criterion to predict the future use of products. Nevertheless, despite the pros of the models derived from this framework, they also have limits regarding the predictions they allow to make. Meanwhile, other psychological models aim to identify predictors of individuals’ behavioral intention to use these products for the first time or to use them again. These models – such as the Technology Acceptance Model, the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technologies or the Consumer Acceptance of Technology – enable to foresee individuals’ attitudes towards product characteristics and their intention to use them. However, they are also problematic regarding their way to take users’ emotions into account.To address the problem of the study of emotions triggered by products, we propose to adapt the Component Process Model. In this model emotions are the result of internal and external changes that can be categorized into five components: the cognitive component, the motivational component, the subjective component, the expressive component and the physiological component. We suggest using this model to specifically study the influence of a product’s innovational impact on emotions. Thus, in Studies 1 and 2 we show; firstly that it is possible to analyze the emotion elicited by products before their uses from three of the five components and secondly, that these emotions are not influenced by individuals’ personality and context. Then, in Studies 3 and 4, we experimentally test these components by comparing the emotions triggered by the first uses of so-called “innovative” products compared to the uses of products known as being “traditional”. The results of these studies confirm the advantage of using the Component Process Model to analyze emotions triggered by products and, more particularly, by innovative products.

High-speed serial input-output (I/O) link has required advanced equalization and modulation techniques to mitigate inter-symbol interference (ISI) caused by multi-Gb/s signaling over band-limited channels. Increasing demands for transceiver power and area complexity has leveraged on-going interest in analog-to-digital converter (ADC) based link, which allows for robust equalization and flexible adaptation to advanced signaling. With diverse options in ISI control techniques, link performance analysis for complicated transceiver architectures is very important. This work presents advanced statistical modeling for ADC-based link, performance comparison of existing modulation and equalization techniques, and proposed hybrid ADC-based receiver that achieves further power saving in digital equalization. Statistical analysis precisely estimates high-speed link margins at given implementation constrains and low target bit-error-rate (BER), typically ranges from 1e-12 to 1e-15, by applying proper statistical bound of noise and distortion. The proposed statistical ADC-based link modeling utilizes bounded probability density function (PDF) of limited quantization distortion (4-6 bits) through digital feed-forward and decision feedback equalizers (FFE-DFE) to improve low target BER estimation. Based on statistical modeling, this work surveys the impact of insufficient equalization, jitter and crosstalk on modulation selection among two and four level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-2 and PAM-4, respectively) and duobinary, and ADC resolution reduction performance by partial analog equalizer (PAE). While the information of channel loss at effective Nyquist frequency and signaling constellation loss initially guides modulation selection, the statistical analysis results show that PAM-4 best tolerates jitter and crosstalk, and duobinary requires the least equalization complexity. Meanwhile, despite robust digital equalization, high-speed ADC complexity and power consumption is still a critical bottleneck, so that PAE is necessitated to reduce ADC resolution requirement. Statistical analysis presents up to 8-bit resolution is required in 12.5Gb/s data communications at 46dB of channel loss without PAE, while 5-bit ADC is enough with 3-tap FFE PAE. For optimal ADC resolution reduction by PAE, digital equalizer complexity also increases to provide enough margin tolerating significant quantization distortion. The proposed hybrid receiver defines unreliable signal thresholds by statistical analysis and selectively takes additional digital equalization to save potentially increasing dynamic power consumption in digital. Simulation results report that the hybrid receiver saves at least 64% of digital equalization power with 3-tap FFE PAE in 12.5Gb/s data rate and up to 46dB loss channels. Finally, this work shows the use of embedded-DFE ADC in the hybrid receiver is limited by error propagation.

Η εργασία αυτή περιλαμβάνει στην συνέχεια τέσσερα κεφάλαια τα οποία έχουν ως εξής. Στο κεφάλαιο 2 περιγράφονται τα σύγχρονα εργαλεία ανάλυσης κειμένου αλλά και οι βάσεις δεδομένων (Corpus) που είναι διαθέσιμα. Περιγράφεται επίσης η βάση δεδομένων που χρησιμοποιούμε για να εξάγουμε πειραματικά αποτελέσματα. Στο κεφάλαιο 3, γίνεται εισαγωγή στα n-grams και αναπτύσσονται τα βασικότερα μέτρα ομοιότητας τα οποία είναι απαραίτητα για τον διαχωρισμό του ύφους γραφής από ηλεκτρονικό κείμενο. Στο κεφάλαιο 4 παρουσιάζονται τα πειραματικά αποτελέσματα που έχουν ληφθεί με τα n-grams. Σε αυτά περιλαμβάνονται και τα δίκτυα νευρωνίων. Τέλος στο κεφάλαιο 5 δίνονται τα συμπεράσματα και προτάσεις για περαιτέρω έρευνα στον τομέα αυτόν. / This work includes then four chapters which are as follows. Chapter 2 describes the modern text analysis tools and databases (Corpus) that are available. Also describes the database used to derive test results. In Chapter 3, are inserted into n-grams and developed the basic similarity measures which are necessary to separate the writing style of electronic text. Chapter 4 presents the experimental results obtained with n-grams. These include neural networks. Finally in Chapter 5 are given conclusions and suggestions for further research in this area

In past decades, the expectation of synergy has fueled many thousands of mergers and acquisitions. Meanwhile, economists and analysts have reported a large proportion of merger failures. This apparent contradiction has provided researchers with a rich source of studies. One of the likely causes of a merger failure is the “people factor”. Revolving around the axis of mergers and acquisitions, the peoples affected are, on the one side, the stockholders, top management, and economists who “talk the project” and tend to have a positive attitude and on the other side, the people who “walk the project” – the employees - who have a more hesitant attitude. / This empirical study adopted the construct of Psychological Contracts to measure the expectations of employees who are influenced by mergers and acquisitions. Based on this construct, a model was developed to study employees’ behaviour after a merger, examining it from a multitude of dimensions. Using the PLS-Graph analysis tools, the model was tested with the aim of assessing the factors’ impact on employees’ behaviour. Apart from the direct causal relationship between two variables, the indirect effects caused by other variables are assessed as well. / The first contribution made by this research is the fact that it examines the relevance of a psychological contract in a non-Western geographical region. Next, the study clearly confirms some of the existing conceptualizations regarding psychological contracts and reveals some additional insights, particularly in relation to the consideration of psychological contracts in a non-Western socio-cultural context. / The research aspires to generalize the model for predicting the post-merger behaviour of employees anywhere, across any industry, business segment and profession.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-01-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:30:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ligeiro_j_me_bauru.pdf: 2036185 bytes, checksum: 50207a58bb3c1fc4c21a068ce920832c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / As ferramentas de análise ergonômica foram criadas para analisar atividades repetitivas ou em série, conforme a demanda da época de criação das mesmas. Apesar disto, mesmo com a mudança do modo de execução das atividades, com as revoluções industriais ao longo dos anos, para a atividade multifuncional, estas ferramentas continuam sendo utilizadas até os dias atuais, independente da atividade avaliada.Mediante à isto, esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de avaliar a fidedignidade e a aplicabilidade de ferramentas de análise ergonômica, incluindo: checklist, softwares, filtros, critérios quantitativos, semi-quantitativos e qualitativos em atividades multifuncionais ou também chamadas de não-repetitivas. Para isto, foram selecionadas aleatoriamente 17 ferramentas sintetizadas em protocolos sem realizar alterações nas mesmas. Aplicando-se apenas 16, pelo fato de NIOSH não se enquadrar nas atividades estudadas. Foram selecionados os 10 mecânicos de válvulas encontrados no setor de manutenção de uma empresa metalúrgica. As variáveis estipuladas pelo pré-teste foram as atividades de lapidação e montagem de válvula manual globo de 3 polegadas, onde os 10 sujeitos realizou ambas atividades no período de 2 dias e as analistas aplicaram os 16 protocolos para cada atividade em cada sujeito, totalizando 310 aplicações, pois o Protocolo do Diagrama de Corlett foi aplicado apenas uma vez em cada sujeito mediante seu procedimento de aplicação. Após a compilação dos resultados, foram calculadas as médias dos scores de cada ferramenta e aplicado testes estatísticos para comparação das variávei, onde: apenas a ferramenta RULA obteve diferenças significativas (p<0,05). As demais ferramentas, exceto Malchaire, Rodgers e Keyserling et al., não obtiveram diferenças significativas (p>0,05). As 3 ferramentas citadas anteriormente não puderam ser comparadas estatisticamente... / The ergonomics evaluation tools were created to evaluate repetitive activities or serial operations as requested at the time they were needed. By the way, the multifunctional activities have been improved since the industrial revolution period and the evaluation tools are still applied in different type of activity or business. Regarding this hypothetical situation, this research is to evaluate the reliability and applicability of ergonomics evaluation tools, taking into consideration checklists, software, filters, quantitative criteria, semi-quantitative and qualitative aspects in multifuncional activities or non-repeating. Based on that, it was selected 17 tools summarized in protocols without making any change, but only 16 were applied because NIOSH does not fit the objective of this research. It was selected 10 mechanical maintenance workers from a metallurgical valves company. The variables set for the pre-test were the cutting and manual valve assembly operations, and 10 workers have performed both activities within 2 days and 16 protocols were applied by the analysts for each activity in each worker. 310 applications were applied and only one in each subject throught the Diagram Protocol of Corlett. After summarizing the results, it was calculated the average score of each tool and it was applied statistical tests to compare the variable. Only RULA tool reached significant differences (p<0.05). All the other tools didn't demonstrate significant differences (p>0.05), excluding Malchaire, Rodgers and Keyserling, because they could not be compared statistically. So, it is concluded that only RULA is sensible for the multifunction activities studied here, and the others tools are not considered because they couldn't be applied with reliable results.