Submitted by MANOELLA DE GUIMARÃES NASCIMENTO (manoella.nascimento@gmail.com) on 2018-03-01T17:59:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FINAL MANOELLA DE GUIMARÃES NASCIMENTOCERTA2.pdf: 1237927 bytes, checksum: ed9a66503e65598a982a84294fb0d539 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Katia Menezes de Souza (katia.menezes@fgv.br) on 2018-03-01T18:03:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FINAL MANOELLA DE GUIMARÃES NASCIMENTOCERTA2.pdf: 1237927 bytes, checksum: ed9a66503e65598a982a84294fb0d539 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-02T12:26:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FINAL MANOELLA DE GUIMARÃES NASCIMENTOCERTA2.pdf: 1237927 bytes, checksum: ed9a66503e65598a982a84294fb0d539 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-11 / O conceito de duty of care em decisões de cinco países (Inglaterra, Irlanda, Austrália, Canadá e Holanda) é utilizado para responsabilizar as empresas transnacionais pelas violações de direitos humanos perpetradas por atos de suas subsidiárias, em uma estratégia processual para alcançar a reparação das vítimas, já que as Cortes Internacionais não aceitam entes privados como réus em processos. A pesquisa busca criar um conceito geral para o instrumento, com suas condicionantes e limitações, pela observação de decisões dos cinco países na literatura pertinente, considerando três pontos específicos: o controle de fato exercido pela empresa-mãe sobre as ações da empresa subsidiária, a desconsideração da personalidade jurídica e o foro aplicável as ações judiciais. O principal elemento do conceito de duty of care é o controle de fato, que pode ocorrer de duas formas: por ações positivas diretamente nas condutas possivelmente danosas da empresa e por omissão quando a transnacional se encontra em uma posição de superioridade de conhecimento e não aconselha a subsidiaria em suas ações. O controle de fato engloba ainda a previsibilidade do dano e a proximidade entre as partes. O duty of care apenas pode ser imposto quando o controle de fato esteja presente. / The concept of duty of care in judgements of five countries (England, Ireland, Australia, Canada and Holand) is utilized as a way to make transnationals enterprises responsible for human rights damages caused by their subsidiaries companies, in a processual maneuver to achieve reparation for the victims, since International Courts do not allow private entities to become parts in their litigation procedure. This research means to create a general concept for the instrument, with its limitations and requirements, through the observation of foreign judgments cited by the relevant literature, considering three main points: the facto control exercised by the parent company, the piercing of the corporate veil and the applicable jurisdiction. The main element of the concept of duty of care is the facto control, which can manifest itself in two ways: by a positive action directly over the possible damaging conduct of the subsidiary and by omission when the multinational enterprise has a conduction of superior knowledge and fails to advice the subsidiary in its actions. The facto control contains both the foreseeability of the damage and the relation of proximity between the parts. The duty of care can only be imposed when the facto control is present.

Denna uppsats ämnar att undersöka hur mänskliga rättigheter efterlevs i Transnistrien, Västsahara och Kashmir, tre omstridda områden och hur teoretiska ramverk ser på och förstår mänskliga rättigheter i dessa områden. Uppsatsen börjar med att undersöka de två teoretiska ramverken; liberalism och realism för att sedan operonalisera dom på empiriska fall med omstridda områden. Uppsatsen undersöker hur rättighetssituationen ser ut i omstridda områden genom att undersöka rapporteringar från NGO: er och andra internationella aktörer samt om det skett något agerande från andra aktörer för mänskliga rättigheter i området. Uppsatsen kommer fram till att mänskliga rättigheter inte efterlevs till fullo i de tre undersökta områdena. Men uppsatsen visar även att det finns ett regionalt och internationellt engagemang för mänskliga rättigheter i områdena. Uppsatsens slutsats är att även om de mänskliga rättigheterna är begränsade och inte efterlevs till fullo i de undersöka områdena finns det både ett regionalt och internationellt intresse för mänskliga rättigheter i området. Resultatet uppsatsen kommer fram till är att den liberala utgångspunkten är den empiriskt närmsta. / This thesis aims to examine how human rights are complied with in Transnistria, Western Sahara and Kashmir, three disputed areas and how theoretical frameworks view and understand human rights in these areas. This thesis begins with examining the two theoretical frameworks; liberalism and realism to then use them on empirical cases with disputed areas. The thesis examines what the human rights situation looks like in disputed areas by examining reports from non-governmental organizations and other international actors, and if there has been any action from other human rights actors in the area. The thesis concludes that human rights are not fully complied with in the three areas studied. It also shows that regional and international actors are committed to the human rights situation in these areas. The thesis concludes that even though human rights are limited and not fully complied with in the areas studied, there is both a regional and international interest in human rights in the area. The result concludes is that the liberal theory is the closest to the empirical situation.