Ce travail est une étude critique du prélèvement, un institut appliqué dans les successions internationales, prévue par l'art. 5 de la Constitution de la République fédérative du Brésil de 1988 et par l'art. 10 § 1 de la Loi d’Introduction aux règles de droit brésilien. Il s’agit d’une règle qui détermine l'application de la loi la plus favorable au conjoint ou aux enfants brésiliens dans les successions des citoyennes étrangères par rapport à biens situés au Brésil, comme résultat d'une comparaison entre la loi brésilienne et la loi du statut personnel du défunt. Il y a un conflit de cette règle avec le principe de l'égalité et ses manifestations dans la Constitution. L’objectif de cette thèse est déterminer les raisons pour l'élimination de l'institut du système juridique brésilien. Pour cela, Il est analysé le cadre conflictuel brésilien pour une adéquate définition du champ d’application de l'institut. Ensuite, il est étudié l'origine et les raisons de son intégration dans le système juridique brésilien. Après, ils sont examinées les difficultés que sa mise en oeuvre avant le scénario de la succession au Brésil. C’est prouvé que la raison pour son élimination, est la violation du principe d'égalité, parce qu’il pratique une discrimination déraisonnable quand il utilise la nationalité comme un moyen de favoriser certains héritières au moment d'attribuer des droits de succession. Enfin, se peut observer une inefficacité des mécanismes de correction a priori et a posteriori du droit international privé pour faire face aux effets néfastes du prélèvement. Ainsi, il est conclu que l’institut doit être éliminé du système juridique brésilien. L'étude suit une méthode inductive, en se fondant sur un cas hypothétique pour mieux exposer des conséquences de l’application de l'institut. Ils sont utilisés les techniques de recherche documentaire et bibliographique. / O presente trabalho constitui um estudo crítico acerca do prélèvement, um instituto aplicado no âmbito das sucessões internacionais, previsto no art. 5° da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988 e no art. 10 § 1° da Lei de Introdução às Normas do Direito Brasileiro. Trata-se de uma regra que aponta a aplicação da lei mais favorável ao cônjuge ou filhos brasileiros em sucessões de bens de estrangeiros situados no Brasil, como resultado de uma comparação entre a lei brasileira e a lei do estatuto pessoal do de cujus. Observa-se um conflito dessa regra com o princípio da igualdade e suas manifestações no texto constitucional. Nesta tese questiona-se acerca dos motivos para a eliminação do instituto do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Para tanto, analisa-se o quadro conflitual brasileiro para uma adequada definição do campo de aplicação do instituto. Depois, verifica-se a origem do mesmo e os motivos sua incorporação no ordenamento brasileiro. Ainda, analisa-se a dificuldade que apresenta a sua concretização no cenário sucessório brasileiro. Fica provado que o motivo é a violação do princípio da igualdade, em virtude de promover uma discriminação não razoável entre herdeiros. A falta de razoabilidade se observa na utilização do critério nacionalidade como meio para obter o favorecimento na hora de atribuir direitos sucessórios. Por fim, constata-se a ineficácia dos mecanismos de correção a priori e a posteriori do Direito Internacional Privado para resolver os efeitos nocivos do prélèvement. Com isso, conclui-se que o instituto deve ser eliminado do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. O estudo segue um método indutivo, apoiando-se em um caso hipotético usado para melhor expor as consequências da aplicação do instituto. Utiliza-se das técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. / This is a critical study of the prélèvement, an institution applied on international successions, provided under art. 5 of the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, 1988, and art. 10 § 1 of the Introduction to the Brazilian Law Rules Act. Said institution regulates the application of the most favorable law to the Brazilian spouse or sons in the succession of goods located in Brazil owned by a foreign citizen, as a result of a comparison between Brazilian law and the law of personal status of the deceased. There is a conflict between this rule and the principle of equality and its manifestations in the Constitution. This thesis examines the reasons for the eradication of the prélèvement from the Brazilian legal system. It analyzes the Brazilian conflictual framework for a proper definition of the institution's scope. Then it examines the origins and the reasons for its incorporation into the Brazilian legal system. In addition, it analyzes the difficulties for the application of prélèvement in the Brazilian succession scenario. The reason for its eradication is the violation of the principle of equality, consisting in an unreasonable discrimination between heirs. The lack of reasonableness consists in using the nationality criteria as a mean for preference in the distribution of the inheritance. Finally, the ineffectiveness of a priori and a posteriori Private International Law correction mechanisms to avoid the harmful effects of prélèvement is proven. Thus, the conclusion is that the prélèvement must be eliminated from the Brazilian legal system. The study follows an inductive method, relying on a hypothetical case to better expose the consequences of the application of the institution. Both the documentary and the bibliographical research techniques are used.

Ce travail est une étude critique du prélèvement, un institut appliqué dans les successions internationales, prévue par l'art. 5 de la Constitution de la République fédérative du Brésil de 1988 et par l'art. 10 § 1 de la Loi d’Introduction aux règles de droit brésilien. Il s’agit d’une règle qui détermine l'application de la loi la plus favorable au conjoint ou aux enfants brésiliens dans les successions des citoyennes étrangères par rapport à biens situés au Brésil, comme résultat d'une comparaison entre la loi brésilienne et la loi du statut personnel du défunt. Il y a un conflit de cette règle avec le principe de l'égalité et ses manifestations dans la Constitution. L’objectif de cette thèse est déterminer les raisons pour l'élimination de l'institut du système juridique brésilien. Pour cela, Il est analysé le cadre conflictuel brésilien pour une adéquate définition du champ d’application de l'institut. Ensuite, il est étudié l'origine et les raisons de son intégration dans le système juridique brésilien. Après, ils sont examinées les difficultés que sa mise en oeuvre avant le scénario de la succession au Brésil. C’est prouvé que la raison pour son élimination, est la violation du principe d'égalité, parce qu’il pratique une discrimination déraisonnable quand il utilise la nationalité comme un moyen de favoriser certains héritières au moment d'attribuer des droits de succession. Enfin, se peut observer une inefficacité des mécanismes de correction a priori et a posteriori du droit international privé pour faire face aux effets néfastes du prélèvement. Ainsi, il est conclu que l’institut doit être éliminé du système juridique brésilien. L'étude suit une méthode inductive, en se fondant sur un cas hypothétique pour mieux exposer des conséquences de l’application de l'institut. Ils sont utilisés les techniques de recherche documentaire et bibliographique. / O presente trabalho constitui um estudo crítico acerca do prélèvement, um instituto aplicado no âmbito das sucessões internacionais, previsto no art. 5° da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988 e no art. 10 § 1° da Lei de Introdução às Normas do Direito Brasileiro. Trata-se de uma regra que aponta a aplicação da lei mais favorável ao cônjuge ou filhos brasileiros em sucessões de bens de estrangeiros situados no Brasil, como resultado de uma comparação entre a lei brasileira e a lei do estatuto pessoal do de cujus. Observa-se um conflito dessa regra com o princípio da igualdade e suas manifestações no texto constitucional. Nesta tese questiona-se acerca dos motivos para a eliminação do instituto do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Para tanto, analisa-se o quadro conflitual brasileiro para uma adequada definição do campo de aplicação do instituto. Depois, verifica-se a origem do mesmo e os motivos sua incorporação no ordenamento brasileiro. Ainda, analisa-se a dificuldade que apresenta a sua concretização no cenário sucessório brasileiro. Fica provado que o motivo é a violação do princípio da igualdade, em virtude de promover uma discriminação não razoável entre herdeiros. A falta de razoabilidade se observa na utilização do critério nacionalidade como meio para obter o favorecimento na hora de atribuir direitos sucessórios. Por fim, constata-se a ineficácia dos mecanismos de correção a priori e a posteriori do Direito Internacional Privado para resolver os efeitos nocivos do prélèvement. Com isso, conclui-se que o instituto deve ser eliminado do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. O estudo segue um método indutivo, apoiando-se em um caso hipotético usado para melhor expor as consequências da aplicação do instituto. Utiliza-se das técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. / This is a critical study of the prélèvement, an institution applied on international successions, provided under art. 5 of the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, 1988, and art. 10 § 1 of the Introduction to the Brazilian Law Rules Act. Said institution regulates the application of the most favorable law to the Brazilian spouse or sons in the succession of goods located in Brazil owned by a foreign citizen, as a result of a comparison between Brazilian law and the law of personal status of the deceased. There is a conflict between this rule and the principle of equality and its manifestations in the Constitution. This thesis examines the reasons for the eradication of the prélèvement from the Brazilian legal system. It analyzes the Brazilian conflictual framework for a proper definition of the institution's scope. Then it examines the origins and the reasons for its incorporation into the Brazilian legal system. In addition, it analyzes the difficulties for the application of prélèvement in the Brazilian succession scenario. The reason for its eradication is the violation of the principle of equality, consisting in an unreasonable discrimination between heirs. The lack of reasonableness consists in using the nationality criteria as a mean for preference in the distribution of the inheritance. Finally, the ineffectiveness of a priori and a posteriori Private International Law correction mechanisms to avoid the harmful effects of prélèvement is proven. Thus, the conclusion is that the prélèvement must be eliminated from the Brazilian legal system. The study follows an inductive method, relying on a hypothetical case to better expose the consequences of the application of the institution. Both the documentary and the bibliographical research techniques are used.

Ce travail est une étude critique du prélèvement, un institut appliqué dans les successions internationales, prévue par l'art. 5 de la Constitution de la République fédérative du Brésil de 1988 et par l'art. 10 § 1 de la Loi d’Introduction aux règles de droit brésilien. Il s’agit d’une règle qui détermine l'application de la loi la plus favorable au conjoint ou aux enfants brésiliens dans les successions des citoyennes étrangères par rapport à biens situés au Brésil, comme résultat d'une comparaison entre la loi brésilienne et la loi du statut personnel du défunt. Il y a un conflit de cette règle avec le principe de l'égalité et ses manifestations dans la Constitution. L’objectif de cette thèse est déterminer les raisons pour l'élimination de l'institut du système juridique brésilien. Pour cela, Il est analysé le cadre conflictuel brésilien pour une adéquate définition du champ d’application de l'institut. Ensuite, il est étudié l'origine et les raisons de son intégration dans le système juridique brésilien. Après, ils sont examinées les difficultés que sa mise en oeuvre avant le scénario de la succession au Brésil. C’est prouvé que la raison pour son élimination, est la violation du principe d'égalité, parce qu’il pratique une discrimination déraisonnable quand il utilise la nationalité comme un moyen de favoriser certains héritières au moment d'attribuer des droits de succession. Enfin, se peut observer une inefficacité des mécanismes de correction a priori et a posteriori du droit international privé pour faire face aux effets néfastes du prélèvement. Ainsi, il est conclu que l’institut doit être éliminé du système juridique brésilien. L'étude suit une méthode inductive, en se fondant sur un cas hypothétique pour mieux exposer des conséquences de l’application de l'institut. Ils sont utilisés les techniques de recherche documentaire et bibliographique. / O presente trabalho constitui um estudo crítico acerca do prélèvement, um instituto aplicado no âmbito das sucessões internacionais, previsto no art. 5° da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988 e no art. 10 § 1° da Lei de Introdução às Normas do Direito Brasileiro. Trata-se de uma regra que aponta a aplicação da lei mais favorável ao cônjuge ou filhos brasileiros em sucessões de bens de estrangeiros situados no Brasil, como resultado de uma comparação entre a lei brasileira e a lei do estatuto pessoal do de cujus. Observa-se um conflito dessa regra com o princípio da igualdade e suas manifestações no texto constitucional. Nesta tese questiona-se acerca dos motivos para a eliminação do instituto do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Para tanto, analisa-se o quadro conflitual brasileiro para uma adequada definição do campo de aplicação do instituto. Depois, verifica-se a origem do mesmo e os motivos sua incorporação no ordenamento brasileiro. Ainda, analisa-se a dificuldade que apresenta a sua concretização no cenário sucessório brasileiro. Fica provado que o motivo é a violação do princípio da igualdade, em virtude de promover uma discriminação não razoável entre herdeiros. A falta de razoabilidade se observa na utilização do critério nacionalidade como meio para obter o favorecimento na hora de atribuir direitos sucessórios. Por fim, constata-se a ineficácia dos mecanismos de correção a priori e a posteriori do Direito Internacional Privado para resolver os efeitos nocivos do prélèvement. Com isso, conclui-se que o instituto deve ser eliminado do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. O estudo segue um método indutivo, apoiando-se em um caso hipotético usado para melhor expor as consequências da aplicação do instituto. Utiliza-se das técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. / This is a critical study of the prélèvement, an institution applied on international successions, provided under art. 5 of the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, 1988, and art. 10 § 1 of the Introduction to the Brazilian Law Rules Act. Said institution regulates the application of the most favorable law to the Brazilian spouse or sons in the succession of goods located in Brazil owned by a foreign citizen, as a result of a comparison between Brazilian law and the law of personal status of the deceased. There is a conflict between this rule and the principle of equality and its manifestations in the Constitution. This thesis examines the reasons for the eradication of the prélèvement from the Brazilian legal system. It analyzes the Brazilian conflictual framework for a proper definition of the institution's scope. Then it examines the origins and the reasons for its incorporation into the Brazilian legal system. In addition, it analyzes the difficulties for the application of prélèvement in the Brazilian succession scenario. The reason for its eradication is the violation of the principle of equality, consisting in an unreasonable discrimination between heirs. The lack of reasonableness consists in using the nationality criteria as a mean for preference in the distribution of the inheritance. Finally, the ineffectiveness of a priori and a posteriori Private International Law correction mechanisms to avoid the harmful effects of prélèvement is proven. Thus, the conclusion is that the prélèvement must be eliminated from the Brazilian legal system. The study follows an inductive method, relying on a hypothetical case to better expose the consequences of the application of the institution. Both the documentary and the bibliographical research techniques are used.

Thesis Purposeful Categorization of Land as an Interference with the Right to Property presents an analysis of the institute of purposeful categorization of land and its specifics on a background of a theoretical thought about the right to property, the right to favorable environment and the collision of two constitutionally guaranteed rights. The purpose of this thesis is to assess current legislation of purposeful categorization of land, including the instruments that are used in relation to it, and to, based on the assessment, identify problematic issues of the legislation and asses the limitation of right to property that the individual instruments related to the institute create. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Tyrimo metodai. Profesinio pervargimo sindromui įvertinti buvo naudotas profesinio pervargimo klausimynas medicinos darbuotojams. Sveikatai palankaus elgesio įvertinimui naudotas fizinio aktyvumo, sveikos mitybos, mitybos režimo klausimynai, pateikti sveikatai palankaus elgesio klausimai. Kadangi sveikatai didelę reikšmę turi stresas, kurio medikų darbe yra pakankamai daug, buvo naudojama psichologinės įtampos skalė (Reeder) ir stresogeninių įvykių klausimynas. Tyrime dalyvavo 131 medicinos darbuotojas. 44 dirbantys greitosios medicinos pagalbos stotyje, 71- poliklinikoje, 36- slaugos ligoninėje. Viso apklaustos 109 moterys ir 22 vyrai. Šiose skirtingose sveikatos priežiūros įstaigose medikų atliekamas darbas skiriasi pagal darbo specifiką pagal patiriamą psichologinę įtampą, todėl atliktu tyrimu buvo norėjome išsiaiškinti ar tai turi reikšmės medikų su sveikata susijusiam elgesiui ir pervargimo sindromui atsirasti. Rezultatai. Rezultatų analizė parodė, jog greitosios pagalbos stotyje subjektyviai įvertinta sveikata blogesnė nei poliklinikoje dirbančių. Poliklinikoje dirbančių subjektyviai įvertinta sveikata geresnė nei slaugos ligoninėje dirbančių medikų. Taip pat medikai, dirbantys slaugos ligoninėje miega blogiau nei poliklinikoje ir greitosios pagalbos stotyje. Analizuojant sveikatai palankų elgesį gauta, jog greitosios pagalbos stotyje dirbantys medikai rūko ir vartoja alkoholį daugiau nei poliklinikoje bei slaugos ligoninėje... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Research Methods. In order to evaluate medical staff occupational overwork syndrome was used occupational overwork questionnaire. To evaluate favorable health behavior were used questionaries of physical activity, good nutrition, diet, and questions about favorable behavior for health. Because of big importance of stress, which is quite usual in medics work, the psychological tension scale (Reader) and stressors factors questionnaire were used. The study included 131 medical worker. 44 of them working in emergency medical service, 77 - in clinic, 36 - in nursing-home. Altogether 109 women and 22 men were surveyed. In this different types of hospitals the medical work differs in its specifics and in psychological tension. Due to this difference, we were trying to find out whether it is relevant to the behavior related to health and overwork syndrome of medics. Results. The analysis of the results showed that the emergency medical service medics subjective assessment of health is worse than the clinic-employed. Clinic medics in a subjective assessment of health is better in than in the nursing-home working medics. Also as medics working in nursing-home is sleeping worse than in clinic and in emergency medical station. In analyzing the health of favorable behavior received that ambulance medics working at the station smoke and consume alcohol more than clinic and nursing-home medical workers. The most physically active medics are working in clinic... [to full text]

The protection of fundamental rights and freedoms is the basic element of every modern democratic society. These rights are regulated in many international treaties and at the same time the states set them out in their constitutions. The Czech Republic is no exception. In the application of fundamental rights conflicts occur from time to time, and one of the rights must retreat to another. This thesis deals with the collision of the right to favourable environment and the right to inviolability of the home. The main theme is the new regulation of the Act no. 201/2012 Coll. on Air Protection, which from January 1st , 2017 allows the direct control of the combustion stationary air pollution sources and fuels in the households.

We consider the distributed detection of an emitter using multiple sensors deployed at deterministic locations. The signal from the emitter follows a signal attenuation model dependent on the distance between the sensor and the emitter. The sensors transmit their decisions to the fusion center through a parallel access Binary Symmetric Channel (BSC) with a cross-over probability. We seek to optimize the detection performance under a prescribed false alarm at the sensor level and at the system level. We consider the triangular topology structure and using the least favorable emitter range study the impact of the BSC on the system level detection fusion rules. The MAJORITY fusion rule is found to be optimal under certain conditions.

This study examines a largely unexplored aspect of Sutherland’s (1974) model of differential association: the interplay of general and crime specific definitions favorable towards crime. Do individuals learn the specific techniques of a type of crime through interactions or do social interactions produce a general disposition towards all types of criminal behavior? Little prior research has been done on the influence of these definitions. Instead studies focus on only one or another, which leaves the details of general/specific definitions unexplored. With the aid of a mixed methodology of statistical and network analysis, this study explores general/specific definitions simultaneously by focusing on relationships between egos and alters. If alters commit similar crimes, it is likely that crime specific definitions are being learned; if crimes are dissimilar then general definitions are more likely. Using police data on a known criminal network located in an urban capital, I test the relationship between the criminal behaviors of egos and alters. The study also compares the centrality of the node to the commonality of crime they commit. This provides an understanding of how key nodes in the network affect the dissemination of criminal definitions. Overall, while variations exist for criminal types, the study finds that crime specific definitions dominate the network and, therefore, have greater influence over respondents’ criminal behavior. Conversely, I found no clear pattern which indicates that high centrality nodes commit more common crimes. This may indicate that high centrality nodes are responsible for disseminating general definitions of crime while most nodes communicate crime specific definition.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka aktörers upplevelser av samverkan i sociala insatsgrupper (SIG). Frågeställningarna är; Hur organiseras arbetet och samverkan i sociala insatsgrupper, Hur uppleves samverkansarbetet av de involverade aktörerna och Vilka faktorer hämmar respektive gynnar samverkan. Studien är en kvalitativ forskningsstudie och har genomförts genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer med totalt sju respondenter. Respondenterna är verksamma aktörer inom sociala insatsgrupper i olika kommuner i Sverige. De aktörer som har intervjuats har varit socialsekreterare, samordnare/koordinatorer och socialpedagoger. Analysen av data har gjorts genom tematisk analys och genom den framkom tre teman för resultatet av studien. Dessa teman var; Uppkomsten av SIG-samverkan, Samverkans mål och mening och Faktorer som hämmar samverkan. / The purpose of this study is to examine actors’ experiences of cooperation in social intervention teams (SIT). The questions are as following; How is the work and the cooperation in social intervention teams organized, How do the actors experience the cooperation andWhat factors could stunt or favour the cooperation. The study has a qualitative research approach and has been implemented through semi structured interviews with a total of seven respondents. The respondents of this study have been social welfare secretaries, coordinators and social educationists. The analyze of data has been made through a thematic analyze method. The thematic analyze resulted in three themes for the study. The themes were; The emergence of SIT-cooperation, The goal and meaning of cooperation and Factors that stunt cooperation.

La participation juridique des Etats d’Afrique de l’Ouest au commerce international se traduit par l’instauration d’accords régionaux internes et externes et par leur adhésion au système multilatéral de l’OMC. Les Etats se retrouvent donc confrontés à différents engagements juridiques simultanément et cela pose le problème de leur capacité en tant que pays en développement ou PMA à y faire face. Aujourd’hui le développement de ces Etats est au coeur de toutes les négociations commerciales que ce soit dans la cadre des nouveaux accords de partenariat économique ou celui du cycle de Doha. Mais toutes ces négociations sont dans une impasse et cela favorise le développement des accords régionaux internes. Cette étude porte sur les différents processus d’interaction qui peuvent intervenir entre le régionalisme et le multilatéralisme. L’efficacité des différents accords commerciaux mises en place par les Etats ouest Africains suppose une cohérence et une compatibilité entre eux. / The legal participation of the States of West Africa to international trade is reflected by the establishment of internal and external regional agreements and their accession to the WTO multilateral system. States are therefore facing individual legal commitments simultaneously and this raises the problem of their capacity as developing countries or LDCs to cope. Today the development of these States is at the heart of all trade negotiations in the framework of the new agreements economic partnership or one of the Doha round. But all these negotiations are at an impasse and it promotes the development of internal regional agreements. This study focuses on the various processes of interaction that can occur between regionalism and multilateralism. The effectiveness of the various trade agreements put in place by States West Africans assumes coherence and compatibility between them.