Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1996. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [165]-173).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in electronic version.

Bakgrund: Diabetes typ 1 är en sjukdom som medför stora förändringar i en persons liv. I denna förändring ingår flera övergångar, b.la. att övergå från frisk till sjuk men också övergå från pediatrisk vård till vuxenvård. Det är organisatoriska skillnader mellan den pediatriska vården och vuxenvården. Sjuksköterskan har olika roller i de två olika vårdformerna och på så sätt stöttas patienterna på olika sätt. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva patienternas upplevelser av övergång från pediatrisk vård till vuxenvård vid diabetes typ 1. Metod: Författarna har använt sig av en litteraturöversikt för att strukturera och skapa en överblick över det valda området och för att besvara syftet. Författarna har använt sig av tio vetenskapliga originalartiklar där de sammanställt ett resultat som svarar på denna litteraturöversikts Resultat: Resultatet visade att patienterna hade personliga åsikter kring utmaningarna under övergången. Patienterna hade olika inställningar inför övergången från pediatrisk vård till vuxenvård. Patienterna ansåg att förbättringar borde göras på organisationsnivå p.g.a. brist på struktur under övergången samt dålig kommunikation med patienterna. Diskussion: Sjuksköterskor är i behov av kunskap angående patienternas upplevelser av övergången för att kunna förbättra sin egen roll. När patienter övergår från pediatrisk vård till vuxenvård upplever de stress och påfrestningar på grund av sämre vägledning från den pediatriska vården. Både den pediatriska vården och vuxenvården är i behov av en praktisk struktur för övergången, detta för att dämpa känslor av oro som kan uppkomma hos patienterna. / Background: Diabetes type 1 is a disease that causes big changes in a person's life. The changes include various transitions, for an example transition from healthy to ill but also the transition from pediatric care to adult care. There are organizational differences between the pediatric care and adult care. Nurses have different roles in these two different treatment modalities that leads to the support being different too. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe patient’s experiences of transition from pediatric care to adult care of diabetes type 1. Method: A literature overview was used to structure and give the reader an overview of the selected area and to answer the purpose. Ten original scientific articles were used to compiled research that fulfill the purpose of this study Results: The result showed the patients personal views about the challenges during the transition. Patients had different feelings about the transition from pediatric care to adult care. The patients felt that improvements should be made in the organization level due to the bad structure during the transition. According to patients improvements should also be made with communication. Discussions: Nurses are in need of more knowledge about patients experiences of transition in order to improve their own role as a nurse. The patients feel stress and strain because of the transition from pediatric care to adult care. The patients felt stress also because there was no guidance from the health system under the transition period. The pediatric care and the adult care are in need of a structure to be able to decrease the unrest for patients.

abstract: Driven by concern over environmental, economic and social problems, small, place based communities are engaging in processes of transition to become more sustainable. These communities may be viewed as innovative front runners of a transition to a more sustainable society in general, each one, an experiment in social transformation. These experiments present learning opportunities to build robust theories of community transition and to create specific, actionable knowledge to improve, replicate, and accelerate transitions in real communities. Yet to date, there is very little empirical research into the community transition phenomenon. This thesis empirically develops an analytical framework and method for the purpose of researching community transition processes, the ultimate goal of which is to arrive at a practice of evidence based transitions. A multiple case study approach was used to investigate three community transitions while simultaneously developing the framework and method in an iterative fashion. The case studies selected were Ashton Hayes, a small English village, BedZED, an urban housing complex in London, and Forres, a small Scottish town. Each community was visited and data collected by interview and document analysis. The research design brings together elements of process tracing, transformative planning and governance, sustainability assessment, transition path analysis and transition management within a multiple case study envelope. While some preliminary insights are gained into community transitions based on the three cases the main contribution of this thesis is in the creation of the research framework and method. The general framework and method developed has potential for standardizing and synthesizing research of community transition processes leading to both theoretical and practical knowledge that allows sustainability transition to be approached with confidence and not just hope. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Sustainability 2011

Les dommages tissulaires associés à l'ischémie/reperfusion ont été largement étudiés. Plusieurs études ont montré que des dysfonctionnements mitochondriaux sont responsables de la survenue de ces dommages, et que la transition de perméabilité pourrait y être impliquée. Cette transition de perméabilité est médiée par l'ouverture du pore de transition de perméabilité (PTP). Cette ouverture du PTP pourrait survenir pendant la phase d'ischémie ou pendant la phase de reperfusion. L'objectif de ce travail était de visualiser l'ouverture du PTP dans des conditions d'ischémie/reperfusion sur cellules intactes (HMEC-1 et INS-1) et d'étudier son implication dans ce phénomène. Nous avons pu visualiser pour la première fois l'ouverture du PTP par le suivi des dommages qu'elle engendre (sortie du NADH et la chute du ΔΨ) induits par une ischémie/reperfusion. Nous avons constaté que l'activation du PTP a lieu pendant la phase d'ischémie tant dans les cellules HMEC-1 que dans les cellules INS-1. Cette induction a été prévenue dans les deux modèles cellulaires par la cyclosporine A. Nos résultats suggèrent également que le complexe I pourrait être impliqué dans la prévention de la chute du ΔΨ et de la sortie du NADH. Nous avons aussi montré que la capacité de rétention calcique des cellules perméabilisées diminue à l'ischémie et que cette diminution disparait après 60 minutes de reperfusion. Ainsi, la visualisation de l'ouverture du PTP dans un modèle d'ischémie/reperfusion constituerait une piste intéressante qui apporterait plus de certitude quant à l'implication du PTP dans ce phénomène. De plus, l'étude du phénomène d'ischémie in vitro, apporterait plus de réponses quant à l'implication des modifications du fonctionnement cellulaire dans les dommages tissulaires. / Several studies have shown that ischemia/reperfusion injury is strongly related to mitochondrial dysfunction. These studies have mostly focused on the involvement of the permeability transition in this phenomenon. The permeability transition is mediated by the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). PTP activation may occur during ischemia or reperfusion. The aim of this work was to visualize mPTP opening during ischemia/reperfusion conditions on intact cells (HMEC-1 and INS-1) and to study its involvement in this phenomenon. For the first time, we observed the opening of the mPTP mediated by ischemia/reperfusion by monitoring the damages caused by its activation (NADH efflux and ΔΨ decrease). This mPTP activation occurred during ischemia in HMEC-1 and INS-1 cells. However, mPTP induction was prevented by cyclosporine A in both cell models. Furthermore, our results showed the involvement of complex I in the prevention of NADH efflux and ΔΨ decrease. A decrease in the mitochondrial calcium retention capacity was also shown in permeabilised cells during ischemia, which disappear after 60 minutes of reperfusion. Thus, the visualisation of the mPTP opening in a model of ischemia / reperfusion is an interesting observation indicating the involvement of PTP in this phenomenon. Furthermore, the study of ischemia in vitro would provide answers regarding the involvement of cellular function changes in tissue damage.

Il est important de bien connaitre le comportement des combustibles nucléaires dans des conditions extrêmes afin d’assurer la sureté des réacteurs et de prévoir les conséquences d’un éventuel accident. L’objectif principal de cette thèse est l’étude des transitions de phase à très haute température de matériaux envisagés pour les combustibles nucléaires de quatrième génération. Dans ce but, une méthode a été développée à l’institut européen des transuraniens (ITU) pour étudier ces matériaux à des températures excédant 2500K. La technique utilisée consiste à chauffer l’échantillon à l’aide d’un laser de haute puissance et à mesurer sa température par pyrométrie. Le signal d’un second laser réfléchi par la surface de l’échantillon est aussi étudié afin de mieux caractériser les transitions de phase. Les avantages de cette technique résident dans la rapidité des expériences (de quelques dizaines de ms à quelques secondes), et dans le contrôle de l’atmosphère, ce qui permet de limiter les effets d’évaporation ou d’oxydation/réduction de l’échantillon. Il convient de signaler que seule la partie centrale de l’échantillon est fondue, la phase liquide sondée est ainsi confinée au sein de l’échantillon lui-même, ce qui évite toute interaction avec le système de fixation. Nos résultats sur les carbures d’uranium sont en accord avec ceux de la littérature, et ont permis d’affiner le calcul des diagrammes de phase pour ces matériaux stables à haute température. La technique que nous avons mise au point a été utilisée, pour la première fois, pour étudier des matériaux de haute activité. Des résultats originaux ont été obtenus sur les systèmes PuO2, NpO2, UO2-PuO2 et Pu-C. / Understanding the behaviour of nuclear materials in extreme conditions is of prime importance for the analysis of the operation limits of nuclear fuels, and prediction of possible nuclear reactor accidents, relevant to the general objectives of nuclear safety research. The main purpose of this thesis is the study of high temperature phase transitions in nuclear materials, with special attention to the candidate fuel materials for the reactors of the 4th Generation. In this framework, material properties need to be investigated at temperatures higher than 2500K, where equilibrium conditions are difficult to obtain. Laser heating combined with fast pyrometer is the method used at the European Institute for Transuranium Elements (JRC – ITU). It is associated to a novel process used to determine phase transitions, based on the detection, via a suited low-power (mW) probe laser, of changes in surface reflectivity that may accompany solid/liquid phase transitions. Fast thermal cycles, from a few ms up to the second, under almost container-free conditions and control atmosphere narrow the problem of vaporisation and sample interactions usually meet with traditional method. This new experimental approach has led to very interesting results. It confirmed earlier research for material systems known to be stable at high temperature (such as U-C) and allowed a refinement of the corresponding phase diagrams. But it was also feasible to apply this method to materials highly reactive, thus original results are presented on PuO2, NpO2, UO2-PuO2 and Pu-C systems.

Cette thèse se consacre à l’étude du cadre juridique de la transition énergétique depuis 2012, année depuis laquelle l’expression a connu une utilisation croissante dans le domaine des politiques publiques en matière d’énergie et d’environnement. Le champ des évolutions juridiques frappées du sceau de la transition énergétique est si vaste que ces travaux se sont concentrés sur la règlementation des énergies renouvelables électriques prééminentes que sont l’éolien terrestre et le solaire photovoltaïque. Il en ressort que le droit de la transition énergétique se situe au carrefour d’autres droits plus anciens, plus établis. De nature évolutionnaire plus que révolutionnaire, il se coule dans le cadre existant et se soumet aux principes classiques du droit. De nos travaux ressort notamment qu’il fait un usage immodéré d’instruments de planification le soumettant potentiellement à une obligation de résultats mesurables. Il est aussi amené à intégrer des considérations de justice très contemporaines, liées à sa finalité, faisant de lui davantage qu’un droit purement technique. Toutefois, il a été marqué par une confusion certaine lors du processus de rédaction de la loi relative à la transition énergétique pour la croissance verte, du fait de son volume, de ses conflits et des failles inhérentes aux institutions de la Ve République. Ce contexte n’ayant pas favorisé l’émergence d’un droit stable et de qualité, il manque de sécurité juridique. Enfin, il se révèle être plus souvent un frein qu’un facilitateur pour le développement des énergies renouvelables, alors qu’il est mal écrit et mal armé quand il s’agit d’organiser la diminution de la part du nucléaire dans le mix électrique. / This doctoral thesis aims to study the legal framework of the energy transition in France since 2012. From this year on, the term “energy transition” has been increasingly used in environment and energy-linked public policies. The scope of the legal developments related to the energy transition is so wide that this work has only focused on the rules applicable to renewable sources of electricity, especially onshore wind and solar photovoltaics. As a result, it appears that the energy transition law lies at a crossroads between older and more recognised fields of the Law. Evolutionary more than revolutionary, it fits into the existing frame and submits itself to the classical principles of Law. Among the outcomes of this research, we found that the energy transition law is making a strong use of planning tools, potentially placing it under a measurable performance obligation. It is also forced to integrate very contemporary notions of justice, linked to its finality, denying it the qualification of a solely technical law. However, there was confusion in the writing process of the Energy Transition for Green Growth Act, the flagship energy transition act, because of its size, its conflicts and the inherent flaws of the institutions of the 5th Republic. This context did not promote the emergence of a stable and high-quality law. Actually, it is lacking of legal certainty. Finally, energy transition law is more often than not placing a break on than facilitating the development of renewable energy, while it is badly written and ill-equipped to organise the decrease of nuclear energy into the electrical mix.

No description available.

M.Sc. / The increasing number of individuals living with the HIV virus and the extensive use of antimicrobial medicines has resulted in an increase in opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis, pneumonia, fungal, and viral diseases. In addiction, the drugs currently in use have short comings such as limited efficacy, cell membrane penetration and side effects. The increasing number of opportunistic infections such as systemic fungal infections and the development of resistance to commonly used drugs have prompted the search for answers by producing new and novel ones. Dithiocarbamates (DTCs) have been a subject of major research in the past decade and a number of these compounds have been prepared. Dithiocarbamates are versatile 1,1-dithiolato ligands with broad pharmacological properties. Coordinating these ligands with metals such as copper and nickel may produce compounds with enhanced biological properties and this can be a basis for novel compounds. On the other hand, triphenylphosphine (PPh3) is a good binding ligand for transition metals. Further functionalization of the DTC metal complexes with triphenylphosphine should produce compounds with potential pharmaceutical applications. In this study, several bioactive starting compounds such as indole, imidazole, cyclopentylamine and cyclohexylamine were used to synthesize DTC ligands and their metal complexes of Ni, Co, Cu and Zn. The ligands were obtained in good yields of 55-87% with the complexes in yields of 35-66%. Triphenylphosphine adducts of the DTC metal complexes were also prepared and the yields obtained were between 35-71%. All the prepared complexes and ligands were characterized by Infrared, UV-Vis spectroscopy and NMR (1H, 13C and 31P) spectroscopy.

No description available.