The thesis will be established as digital Inverter with analog power board and DSP kernel. We can accomplish effective ac motor control with VVVF mode by powerful arithmetic ability of DSP. Furthermore, we can obtain rotor speed by calculating the feedback voltage and current of motor from sensors. We adopt the new integrator scheme to replace traditional pure integrator to solve the dc drift and initial value problems. Meanwhile, we can compensate the voltage distortion caused by dead time to decrease current ripple via judging the direction of current. Because we have modulized our circuits, it is very convenient that we can achieve modern control theories by software modification only.

This master's thesis is divided into two parts. The first part concerns the development of a simulation model of a current controller and a physical drive unit, both implemented in Simulink with the use of legacy code and regulated with field oriented control. The second part concerns the development of a dead-time compensation algorithm. The dead-time is a small delay added to the pulse width modulation signal to diminish the risk of a short circuit in the power electronics. The dead-time causes a voltage distortion, resulting in distorted phase currents, a lower bandwidth and ultimately a decreased machine accuracy. The new simulation environment was able to simulate a real life scenario with promising results. Hence, it could be used to evaluate the dead-time compensation algorithms. Three different dead-time compensation algorithms were implemented and they all showed an increased smoothness of the phase currents as well as an increased controller bandwidth. Both these features are desirable outcomes and all three algorithms show potential to improve accuracy when implemented in a real system.

Current control is an important topic in modern power electronics system. For voltage source inverters, current control loop ensures the waveform quality at steady state and the fast response at transient state. To improve the current control performance, quite a few nonlinear control strategies have been presented and one well-known strategy is the hysteresis current control. It achieves fast response without stability issue and it has high control precision. However, for voltage source inverter applications, hysteresis current control has a wide switching frequency range, which introduces additional switching loss and impacts the design of harmonic filter. Other nonlinear current control strategies include one-cycle control, non-linear carrier control, peak current control, charge control, and so on. However, these control strategies are just suitable for specific topologies and it cannot be directly used by voltage source inverters. The recently proposed parabolic current control solves the frequency variation problem of hysteresis current control by employing a pair of parabolic carriers as the control band. By the use of parabolic current control, approximate-constant switching frequency can be achieved. Due to the cycle-by-cycle control structure, it inherently has fast response speed and high precision. These advantages make it suitable for voltage source inverters, including stand-alone inverters, grid connected inverters, active power filters, and power factor correction applications. However, parabolic current control has some limitations, such as dead-time effects, only working as bipolar PWM, complex hardware implementation, non-ideal converging speed. These problems are respectively solved in this dissertation and solutions include dead-time compensation, the implementation on dual-carrier unipolar PWM, sensorless parabolic current control, single-step current control. With the proposed dead-time compensation strategy, current control precision is improved and stable duty-cycle range are extended. Dual-carrier PWM implementation of parabolic current control has smaller harmonic filter size and lower power loss. Sensorless parabolic current control decreases the cost of system and enhances the noise immunity capability. Single-step current control pushes the convergence speed to one switching operation with simple implementation. High switching frequency is allowed and power density can be improved. Detailed analysis, motivation and experimental verification of all these innovations are covered in this dissertation. In addition, the duality phenomenon exists in electrical circuits, such as Thevenin's theorem and Norton's theorem, capacitance and inductance. These associated pairs are called duals. The dual of parabolic current control is derived and named parabolic voltage control. Parabolic voltage control solves the audible noise problem of burst mode power converters and maintains high efficiency in the designed boost converter. / Ph. D. / Current control strategy is an important topic in power converter design. Good current control strategy helps to control the quality of input or output waveform of power conversion systems. This dissertation studied an attractive current control strategy named parabolic current control. Parabolic current control solves some drawbacks of conventional current control strategies with enhanced performance. However, it still has some application limitations. This dissertation proposed four new strategies to solve the application limitations of parabolic current control. Motivated by the duality phenomenon, a voltage control strategy named parabolic voltage control is also proposed, serving as the dual of parabolic current control. By the use of parabolic voltage control, audible noise in some power conversion systems can be eliminated and conversion efficiency can be ensured. All these new ideas in this dissertation are carefully derived in theory and verified by experimental test results.

The McTronX research group, at the Potchefstroom campus of the North–West University, has been researching Active Magnetic Bearings (AMBs). A fully suspended, flywheel energy storage system (FESS) has been developed. Due to excessive unbalance on the rotor, the motor drive could not be tested up to its rated speed. In the interim, until the rotor can be balanced and other rotor dynamic effects have been investigated, the group decided that the existing drive control should be improved and tested on a high–speed permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), using normal roller element bearings. In order to test the motor control a second (identical) PMSM, mechanically coupled to the former, operates in generator mode which serves as the torque load. Two different control algorithms, namely V/f and vector control, are designed and implemented on a rapid control prototyping system, i.e. dSPACE®. The V/f control is an open–loop, position sensorless technique, whilst the vector controller makes use of a position sensor. From the design and implementation it became clear that the vector control is more robust, in the sense that it is less sensitive on parameter variations and disturbances. It can start up reliably even under full load conditions. The V/f control is an attractive alternative to the vector control, especially in AMB systems, where it may be difficult to mount the position sensor, has to operate in a hazardous environment not suited to the sensor or could degrade the reliability of the AMB system. The cost of the position sensor is not really a concern compared to the cost of an AMB system. The V/f control is more suited to fan and pump applications, which has a low dynamic requirement. The V/f control has high startup currents and is not recommended for applications requiring a high starting torque or fast acceleration during operation. The inverter, which drives the PMSM, also had to be developed. With regard to the motor control, the effects of inverter non–idealities had to be accounted, especially for the V/f control. The implemented control algorithms were tested up to 20 krpm. Discrepancies between the expected and actual results are discussed. Overall, the controllers performed as desired. Generally, the project goals have been reached satisfactorily. / Thesis (M.Ing. (Computer and Electronic Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

The McTronX research group, at the Potchefstroom campus of the North–West University, has been researching Active Magnetic Bearings (AMBs). A fully suspended, flywheel energy storage system (FESS) has been developed. Due to excessive unbalance on the rotor, the motor drive could not be tested up to its rated speed. In the interim, until the rotor can be balanced and other rotor dynamic effects have been investigated, the group decided that the existing drive control should be improved and tested on a high–speed permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), using normal roller element bearings. In order to test the motor control a second (identical) PMSM, mechanically coupled to the former, operates in generator mode which serves as the torque load. Two different control algorithms, namely V/f and vector control, are designed and implemented on a rapid control prototyping system, i.e. dSPACE®. The V/f control is an open–loop, position sensorless technique, whilst the vector controller makes use of a position sensor. From the design and implementation it became clear that the vector control is more robust, in the sense that it is less sensitive on parameter variations and disturbances. It can start up reliably even under full load conditions. The V/f control is an attractive alternative to the vector control, especially in AMB systems, where it may be difficult to mount the position sensor, has to operate in a hazardous environment not suited to the sensor or could degrade the reliability of the AMB system. The cost of the position sensor is not really a concern compared to the cost of an AMB system. The V/f control is more suited to fan and pump applications, which has a low dynamic requirement. The V/f control has high startup currents and is not recommended for applications requiring a high starting torque or fast acceleration during operation. The inverter, which drives the PMSM, also had to be developed. With regard to the motor control, the effects of inverter non–idealities had to be accounted, especially for the V/f control. The implemented control algorithms were tested up to 20 krpm. Discrepancies between the expected and actual results are discussed. Overall, the controllers performed as desired. Generally, the project goals have been reached satisfactorily. / Thesis (M.Ing. (Computer and Electronic Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-05-15T18:53:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 gabrielazevedofogli.pdf: 14398243 bytes, checksum: 29f4f96b36d404d928ede5833fc882f8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-05-22T14:44:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 gabrielazevedofogli.pdf: 14398243 bytes, checksum: 29f4f96b36d404d928ede5833fc882f8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-22T14:44:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 gabrielazevedofogli.pdf: 14398243 bytes, checksum: 29f4f96b36d404d928ede5833fc882f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-26 / Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a integração de uma fonte despachável, baseada em um grupo motor gerador diesel, em uma microrrede em corrente alternada através de um conversor de dois estágios, formado por dois conversores fonte de tensão em conexão back-to-back. A microrrede pode operar conectada à rede secundária de distribuição, injetando a potência ativa proveniente da fonte despachável, ou de modo isolado. Para este segundo caso, duas estratégias de funcionamento são propostas. A primeira interliga diretamente o grupo motor gerador ao barramento de cargas, enquanto o conversor de dois estágios funciona como filtro ativo de potência. A outra opção consiste em utilizar o conversor de dois estágios no modo formador de rede, alimentando o barramento de cargas. Como cada uma das unidades que compõem o conversor de dois estágios tem uma finalidade, os controladores utilizados de cada um dos lados possuem particularidades. O conversor conectado aos terminais do grupo motor gerador é responsável por drenar correntes senoidais e regular a tensão do barramento de corrente contínua. Para este conversor é utilizado um controlador proporcional—integral, projetado no sistema de coordenadas síncrono. Uma estratégia de compensação dos parâmetros do tempo morto dos interruptores semicondutores foi implementada para reduzir a geração de harmônicos não característicos. Do outro lado, no conversor de saída, responsável pela integração com a rede secundária, foi utilizado um controlador proporcional—integral, projetado no sistema de coordenadas síncrono, com múltiplos integradores, adicionados para compensar correntes harmônicas. De acordo com o modo de funcionamento do sistema é utilizado um método para obtenção das correntes de referência. Quatro modos de funcionamento podem ser aplicados neste sistema: (i) alimentador de rede, (ii) formador de rede, (iii) auxiliador de rede e (iv) condicionador de rede. Para o modo Formador de Rede faz-se necessário a inclusão de uma malha de controle externa projetado para regular a tensão CA no barramento de cargas. Resultados experimentais são apresentados para validar os modelos matemáticos e as estratégias de controle usadas neste trabalho. Todo o algoritmo de controle é implementado em um controlador digital de sinais TMS320F28335 fabricado pela Texas Instruments. / This document presents a study on dispatchable source based on Diesel Gen-set connected to AC microgrid. The Diesel generator is connected to network grid through two-stage converter composed of two Voltage-sourced converters in back-to-back (B2B-VSC) connection. The AC microgrid can operate in a grid-connected mode, injecting active power from the dispatchable source, or in an isolated mode. In the second case, two operating conditions are proposed, in which the first option interconnects Diesel gen-set direct to load bus and B2B-VSC works as Active Power Filter. Another option is to operate the B2B-VSC as grid—former. Due the fact that each converter of B2B-VSC has a specific goal, different control strategies are used for each one. The VSC connected to Diesel generator terminals is responsible to drain sinusoidal currents and to regulate the DC voltage. In the this converter, PI—SRF Controller is applied in a inner current control loop together with a dead-time compensation strategy. In the other side of B2B-VSC, responsible of multi-task control, is applied a control strategy modelled in a synchronous coordinate system with multiple integrators to mitigate the harmonic currents. According to the operation mode is used a different current reference is given. Four operation modes can be used in this microgrid: (i) grid-feeding, (ii) grid-forming, (iii) grid-supporting and (iv) grid-conditioning. In grid—forming mode an outer loop is added to regulate the AC load bus voltage. Experimental results are presented to validate the mathematical modelling and controller strategies. Finally, suggestions to continue this research are proposed. The control algorithm is implemented in a digital signal processor TMS320F28335 made by Texas Instruments.

Analysis of the dead-time effect and other nonlinearities of the voltage source inverter was carried out in the introduction of the doctoral thesis. Three compensation strategies for vector controlled PMSM were proposed based on the analysis. The voltage disturbance observer with cost function of current errors is based on the model of PMSM, known machine parameters and easily measurable quantities. The second observer which estimates the dq- axes currents and the value of the voltage error with one parameter only is designed based on the harmonic analysis and Kalman filter algorithm. The third method combines an adaptive approach with feedback and voltage disturbance observer that is based on the PMSM model. Furthermore, the two compensation methods for vector controlled induction motor were proposed. In the first case, the standard compensation strategy is extended by a harmonic compensator that suppresses the residual 6th harmonic component in dq- axes currents. The last strategy detects the polarity of the estimated phase currents that are obtained by the Kalman filter. All compensation strategies have been verified by MATLAB/Simulink simulations and by experiments on real drives.

Cette thèse vise à élaborer de nouvelles stratégies de commande basées sur la commande prédictive pour le système de génération d’énergie éolienne. La topologie des systèmes de production éolienne basées sur le Générateur Asynchrone à Double Alimentation (GADA) qui convient à des plateformes de génération dans la gamme de puissance de 1.5 à 6 MW est abordée. Du point de vue technologique, le convertisseur à trois niveaux et clampé par le neutre (3L-NPC) est considéré comme une bonne solution pour une puissance élevée en raison de ses avantages: capacité à réduire la distorsion harmonique de la tension de sortie et du courant, et augmentation de la capacité du convertisseur grâce à une tension réduite appliquée à chaque semi-conducteur de puissance. Une description détaillée de la commande prédictive à ensemble de commande fini (FCS-MPC) avec un horizon de prédiction de deux pas est présentée pour deux boucles de régulation: celle liée au convertisseur connecté au réseau et celle du convertisseur connecté au GADA. Le principe de la commande repose sur l’utilisation d’un modèle de prédiction permettant de prédire le comportement du système pour chaque état de commutation du convertisseur. La minimisation d’une fonction de coût appropriée prédéfinie permet d’obtenir la commutation optimale à appliquer au convertisseur. La thèse étudie premièrement les problèmes liées à la compensation du temps de calcul de la commande et au choix et aux pondérations de la fonction de coût. Ensuite, le problème de stabilité de la commande FCS-MPC est abordé en considérant une fonction de Lyapunov dans la minimisation de la fonction de coût. Finalement, une étude sur la compensation des effets des temps morts du convertisseur est présentée. / This thesis aims to elaborate new control strategies based on Model Predictive control for wind energy generation system. We addressed the topology of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind generation systems which is suitable for generation platform power in the range in 1.5-6 MW. Furthermore, from the technological point of view, the three-level neutral-point clamped (3L-NPC) inverter configuration is considered a good solution for high power due to its advantages: capability to reduce the harmonic distortion of the output voltage and current, and increase the capacity of the converter thanks to a decreased voltage applied to each power semiconductor.In this thesis, we presented a detailed description of finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) with two step horizon for two control schemes: grid and DFIG connected 3L-NPC inverter. The principle of the proposed control scheme is to use system model to predict the behaviour of the system for every switching states of the inverter. Then, the optimal switching state that minimizes an appropriate predefined cost function is selected and applied directly to the inverter.The study of issues such as delay compensation, computational burden and selection of weighting factor are also addressed in this thesis. In addition, the stability problem of FCS-MPC is solved by considering the control Lyapunov function in the design procedure. The latter study is focused on the compensation of dead-time effect of power converter.