M.Cur. / The death of a child is like none other. The impact shakes the world of parents in its entire being. This research tells the story of parents' experience of the couple relationship after child bereavement. The objectives of the research are to: • explore and describe a parent's experience of the couple relationship after child bereavement; and • describe guidelines for the advanced psychiatric nurse practitioner to provide support to parents who have experienced child bereavement in order to promote their mental health through the mobilisation of resources. The paradigmatic perspective of this study is guided by the Theory for Health Promotion in Nursing (Rand Afrikaans University, Department of Nursing Science, 2002:2-8). The focus is on the whole person. A functional approach was followed based on Botes's model (Botes in Rand Afrikaans University: Department of Nursing, 2002:9-15) for nursing research. The researcher utilised a qualitative, descriptive, exploratory and contextual design (Mouton, 1996: 102). An authoethnographic strategy was implemented, & Bochner in Denzin & Lincoln, 2001:739, 747). In-depth, semi-structured, phenomenological interviews were held with parents meeting the sampling criteria. Consent for the research was obtained from the Rand Afrikaans University and informed consent was obtained from the parents volunteering to participate in the research.

D.Cur. / Although the general topic of death is receiving increasing attention by the medical community, little is known about the impact that pregnancy loss has on the lives experiencing it. Statistics show that the problem is widespread, but they tell nothing about the tears, the regrets, the feeling of guilt and the long process of rebuilding hope. And the medical community is not consistent in attitude or skill where caring for mothers with pregnancy loss. Mothers expect their physicians to be understanding and compassionate, especially when the worst fear has become a reality and the baby had died. Sadly, these expectations are too often unfulfilled, leaving the mother angry and confused, instead, death becomes the enemy to be avoided and opposed at all costs. The purpose of this study is to develop a conceptual framework of support to mothers with pregnancy loss to assist midwives and doctors in supporting these mothers

This study was designed to discover parents' experience following a stillbirth or early infant death. The conceptualization of the research problem was based on Kleinman's (1978) cultural system model which directed the researcher to elicit directly from clients their explanatory models, or their way of viewing the experience. The specific research questions were (1) How do couples perceive and interpret their experience following stillbirth or early infant death? and (2) How do couples view the social support they have received at the time of their infant's death? Six couples, who were recruited primarily from bereavement support groups, participated in the study. Each couple had experienced a stillbirth or early infant death between four months and four years prior to the study. Data were collected from the subjects with the use of unstructured interviews, allowing the experiences to unfold as they were perceived by the participants. Four main themes that evolved from the data were (1) anticipation of parenthood and the shattering of hopes with the death or knowledge of impending death of the infant; (2) a multidimensional personal grief experience; (3) an interpersonal grief exerience influenced by the social support of health care professionals, of friends and family and of the spouse; and (4) reflection and search for meaning in the experience. The discovery of couples' perceptions of their bereavement experience and their view of the support received will assist in enhancing the ability to provide more effective nursing care to bereaved families. Implications for nursing practice, research and education are delineated. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Nursing, School of / Graduate

This study uses a cognitive group intervention approach in an attempt to alter anti-social behavior in elementary school children who experienced parental loss. The findings demonstrate improvement in some behaviors and worsening in others.

Recent research supports the theoretical premise that healthy forms of bereavement include meaning making as a coping response to loss as well as a move away from Freud’s original postulation regarding the importance of decathexis as necessary to a healthy resolution of grief. However, traumatic bereavement produces particular kinds of difficulties in meaningmaking and the possible resolution of this kind of loss. The study explored responses in relation to the traumatic loss of a child through homicide in a sample of 7 parents (2 couples, 3 mothers) who were identified through the The Compassionate Friends (TCF) chapter in Highlands North, Johannesburg and who volunteered to take part in the study. Semi structured interviews were conducted, recorded, transcribed and subjected to an interpretive thematic content analysis. The thematic content analysis revealed that meaning making responses in relation to the loss of a child through homicide, are complex and that somewhat unexpectedly, parents experienced expectations from society and others to engage in particular kinds of meaning-making as counterproductive and alienating. Issues concerning the simultaneous introjection of and de-cathexis from the lost child also proved enlightening. Meaning-making also involves both some degree of trauma resolution and the recognition of what the loss of the significant other entails. The research also explored the choices and decisions that parents reported as being important in response to the traumatic loss of their child, and therefore suggests some useful pointers for those who encounter traumatically bereaved individuals in the course of their work.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-12-13T09:11:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiane Sayuri Maeda.pdf: 2486218 bytes, checksum: a1830cd150296c13e48dace99fc4b193 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-13T09:11:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiane Sayuri Maeda.pdf: 2486218 bytes, checksum: a1830cd150296c13e48dace99fc4b193 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-01 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The present qualitative research aimed to understand how teachers from the city of São Paulo perceive the matter of education about death, from the experience of taking their students to a guided visit to Consolação Cemetery. A focus group with 9 participants was formed, with teachers who work with first and second grade students of municipal public elementary school, who had had this experience a month before the focus group had it. The instruments used were field observation of the school group which had a guided visit to Consolação Cemetery and a semi-structured interview by means of focus group. The collected material was analysed by the Bardin (2016) technique of content analysis, allowing identification of the categories: fear of death; sociocultural and religious context; participation in funeral ceremonies; meaning of the cemetery; effects of childhood experiences in the adult life; bereavement; communication about death at school; school visit to the cemetery; Zippy‟s Friends Program; students learning; pedagogy trainees learning; education on death at school. The observation has shown that students and teachers were participative and interested in thinking about the topic of death, having explored the cemetery as a place for learning. Teachers perceived the education on death as important at school and that they can also use their past personal childhood experiences with loss and death to help sympathise with the child‟s pain, as well as validate their perceptions and child‟s bereavement acknowledge. The results show that some children would ask questions based on what they had learnt in the classroom, in a previous project, while the teachers training indicate that the visit to the cemetery was an enabler for the appreciation of the idea of including the death topic at school, and the importance of observing the student‟s emotional issues in the learning process / A presente pesquisa qualitativa teve como objetivo compreender como professores de São Paulo percebem a questão da educação sobre a morte, a partir da experiência de levar os seus alunos à visita guiada ao Cemitério Consolação. Realizou-se um grupo focal com 9 participantes, professores que lecionam no primeiro e segundo ano do ensino fundamental da rede pública municipal, que tiveram esta experiência no mês anterior da data de realização do grupo focal. Os instrumentos utilizados foram observação em campo da visita guiada com uma escola no Cemitério Consolação e entrevista semiestruturada de grupo focal. O material coletado foi avaliado a partir da técnica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2016), permitindo a construção das categorias: medo da morte; contexto sociocultural e religioso; participação nos rituais fúnebres; significado de cemitério; repercussões das vivências infantis na fase adulta; luto; comunicação sobre a morte na escola; visita escolar ao cemitério; Programa Amigos do Zippy; aprendizado dos alunos; aprendizado das estagiárias de pedagogia; educação sobre a morte na escola. A observação evidenciou alunos e professores participativos e interessados em refletir sobre o tema da morte, tendo explorado o cemitério como lugar de aprendizado. As professoras percebem como sendo importante a educação sobre a morte na escola e que o resgate de suas experiências pessoais de perdas e morte na infância, ajuda na empatia com o sofrimento da criança assim como a validação de suas percepções e o luto infantil reconhecido. Os resultados apontam que algumas crianças faziam perguntas a partir do que tinham aprendido em sala de aula, em projeto anterior, enquanto que a existência de capacitação das professoras indica que a visita ao cemitério foi um facilitador para a valorização da inclusão do tema morte na escola e da importância de observar questões emocionais dos alunos no processo de aprendizagem

This thesis studies the impact of the terminal illness and awareness of undergoing the dying process and inevitable death, at the KwaZulu Government hospital Ngwelezana, at Empangeni in the Lower Umfolozi District. A case study, drawing both upon nursing and social anthropology, was conducted to establish the experiences of death and dying of Zulu patients, their families and caregivers. The basic trend reflected in the findings is the need to discuss dying with patients, the lack of skills and knowledge on the part of caregivers, lack of recognition of patients' cultural beliefs. The study does not claim to deal with a complete spectrum of the experiences of death and dying of all Zulus but is a meaningful and significant innovation into an unresearched area of patient care. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1989.

Evidence is cited in this paper which suggests religion is gaining in influence on American life. Although interest in religiosity is increasing, mental health research into the area is meager. As psychological researchers grow cognizant of the impact of social systems on the individual, it becomes important to examine the impact of religion and religious belief on the emotional health of the individual. The literature also suggests that attitudes toward death and the individual's perception of power/helplessness, which are elements closely associated with religious belief, are also important factors in determining one's state of psychological well-being. This study is an attempt to look more closely at the role of religion, attitudes toward death, and perception of power/helplessness in a psychiatric population as compared to a nonpsychiatric population. The major variable under consideration, religious orientation, was measured with the Intrinsic-Extrinsic Religious Orientation Inventory which measures the nature of one's involvement with religion. The individual with an intrinsic orientation toward religion is believed to exhibit a healthier adjustment than the individual with an extrinsic orientation toward religion. It was hypothesized that healthier religious adjustment would be related to lower death anxiety, as measured by the Death Anxiety Scale, and lower locus of control scores, as measured by the Internal-External Locus of Control Scale. Further, it was assumed that whether or not one's religious belief system includes a belief in punishment after death would exert some influence on death anxiety. The information obtained in this study suggests that the most important factor of concern to psychiatric patients in the area of religious orientation and death anxiety is belief in punishment after death and its relationship to locus of control. Death anxiety was greatest in psychiatric patients who believed in punishment after death. Overall subjects who believed in punishment after death tended to exhibit higher external locus of control scores. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Submitted by Biblioteca Central (biblioteca@unicap.br) on 2018-10-03T18:48:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 danielle_andrade_pitanga.pdf: 1918022 bytes, checksum: 5542f69ca4587a07bee6bd13a043a7f4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-03T18:48:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 danielle_andrade_pitanga.pdf: 1918022 bytes, checksum: 5542f69ca4587a07bee6bd13a043a7f4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-21 / Old age, through serious illnesses, brings about a constant battle between life and death. The inexorable deterioration of chronic degenerative diseases brings the elderly to a paradox, that is, on the one hand, the threat of annihilation is painful, causing anguish and suffering; on the other hand, it makes them prone to assigning new meanings to their existence, reconsidering their perspectives in order to find reasons to live. The restlessness in face of the unfathomable limits of life, which takes shape with our growing consciousness of mortality itself, requires that the elderly take charge of what ails them. Thus, this work seeks to grasp the modes through which the elderly suffering from chronic degenerative diseases subjectify aging, falling ill and dying. The participants in this study were five old-age individuals suffering from chronic diseases both in and out of hospital facilities. The tools utilized included narrative interviews carried out individually with each participant and a Field Journal. The narratives collected from the elderly and the notes taken in the field sessions were analyzed from the Foucauldian discourse analysis approach. Drawing on Foucault’s writings, the research findings and the successive implications and problems we proposed allowed us to locate old-age in the realm of ethics, aesthetics and stylistics of existence. From this point of view, the participants’ accounts revealed unique elements of subjectivity, of producing their existence and of positioning themselves in face of life and death. Such production of subjectivity is based on an ethical-aesthetical model. The interviewees sought to re-create and re-invent their own aging while seeking to invent their own selves like works of art, devising and assigning life with a particular style. We look at old-age through the angle of the art of living sustained by self-care which also entails the ineluctable caring others. / A velhice, atravessada por enfermidades graves, expõe o constante entrechoque entre vida e morte. O transcurso inexoravelmente progressivo de uma doença crônico-degenerativa mobiliza o idoso a confrontar-se com um paradoxo: por um lado, a ameaça de aniquilamento provoca dor, angústia e sofrimento, enquanto que, por outro, impele-o à tendência de ressignificar sua existência, redimensionando perspectivas na busca de um sentido para o viver. A inquietude frente ao insondável limite da vida, radicalizada na consciência da própria mortalidade, exige dos sujeitos idosos assumir uma posição frente àquilo que os aflige. Este trabalho objetiva, pois, compreender os modos de subjetivação de idosos portadores de doenças crônico-degenerativas ante o envelhecer, o adoecer e o morrer. Participaram deste estudo cinco idosos em condições crônicas de adoecimento que estavam ou não em regime de internação hospitalar. Os instrumentos utilizados foram entrevista narrativa realizada individualmente com cada participante e um Diário de Campo. As narrativas produzidas pelos idosos e o registro das observações em campo foram analisados utilizando-se a abordagem da analítica discursiva na perspectiva foucaultiana. Dos caminhos trilhados nesta pesquisa com os sucessivos desdobramentos das articulações e problematizações as quais propusemos, permitiu-nos, sob a inspiração dos escritos de Foucault, situar a velhice no campo da ética, da estética e das estilizações da existência. Sob essa ótica, encontramos em seus discursos, circunscrições dos modos singulares de se subjetivarem, de produzir suas existências e de posicionarem-se perante à vida e à morte. A produção desses modos próprios de subjetivar-se está pautada num modelo ético-estético e político. Os idosos entrevistados procuravam re (criar) e re (inventar) suas próprias velhices; buscavam a invenção de si mesmos como uma obra de arte, construindo e conferindo à vida um estilo particular. Lançamos o olhar para a velhice pelo viés das artes de viver sustentadas pelo cuidado de si que passa também pelo imperioso cuidar do outro.

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