A análise da morfologia é uma importante ferramenta para avaliação das características internas do sistema bacia hidrográfica. Os atributos morfológicos podem demonstrar um padrão de comportamento dos processos ocorridos em seu interior, sobretudo os processos hidrogeomorfológicos, como enxurradas e corridas de detritos. As corridas de detritos possuem características específicas, em sua maioria relacionadas aos canais de drenagem, portanto, sua análise morfológica é fundamental para o entendimento do processo. São importantes os estudos que visam compreender de forma mais aprofundada os condicionantes relacionados à ocorrência de corridas de detritos, devido tanto à magnitude quanto e, principalmente, ao seu poder destrutivo, e, sobretudo, devido a recorrência do processo. Conforme o exposto, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo central avaliar a suscetibilidade de bacias hidrográficas a partir da análise de parâmetros morfológicos e sua relação com a magnitude das corridas de detritos ocorridas em 1967 no município de Caraguatatuba/SP, visando a elaboração de um índice de potencial de magnitude e suscetibilidade com base nos resultados. Para alcançar tal objetivo, as seguintes etapas metodológicas foram definidas: i) seleção de bacias hidrográficas com evidência de ocorrência de corridas de detritos; ii) mapeamento dos parâmetros morfológicos; iii) caracterização morfológica dos depósitos e definição da magnitude das corridas de detritos de 1967; e iv) elaboração de índice de potencial de magnitude e suscetibilidade à ocorrência de corridas de detritos. Os resultados mostraram a influência dos parâmetros morfológicos na magnitude das corridas de detritos, com destaque para perfil longitudinal, hierarquia de drenagem e área da bacia acima de 25°. As bacias classificadas com nível de magnitude maior obtiveram os valores mais críticos com relação a estes parâmetros. A metodologia utilizada para determinação da magnitude se mostrou eficiente, ficando as consequências potenciais condizentes com a realidade. Com o estabelecimento da relação entre os valores críticos dos parâmetros e a maior magnitude, foi possível a elaboração de um índice de potencial de magnitude e suscetibilidade com base nos parâmetros morfológicos. Esta pesquisa contribui para os estudos referentes às corridas de detritos, sob uma perspectiva geomorfológica, agregando mais informações a respeito do processo e colaborando para o melhor entendimento de sua dinâmica na Serra do Mar. / The morphological analysis is an important tool in the evaluation of the inner characteristics of the hydrographic basin system. Its attributes demonstrate a pattern of behave of the processes occurred in the basin, especially hydrogeomorphic processes, such as flood and debris flow. Debris flow have specific characteristics, mostly related to the drainage channels, being primordial the study of the characteristics of the hydrographic basin. Studies which aim to better understand the conditioning factors related to the occurrence of debris flow are important due to the magnitude but also the recorrence of the process. As explained before, the main goal of this research was to evaluate susceptibility of hydrographic basins through morphological parameters and its relation with the magnitude of the debris flows occurred in Caraguatatuba, 1967, aiming to elaborate an index of potential of magnitude and susceptibility based in the results. To achieve this goal, the following methodological steps were defined: (i) selection of hydrographic basins with evidence of occurrence of debris flow; (ii) morphological parameters mapping; (iii) morphological characterization of the deposits and definition of the magnitude of debris flow; and (iv) elaboration of an index of potential of magnitude and susceptibility to de occurrence of debris flow. The results showed the influence of the morphological parameters in the magnitude of debris flows, highlighting the parameters longitudinal profile, drainage hierarchy and area above 25°. The basins classified with higher magnitude obtained the most critical values relation to those parameters. The methodology used to determine the magnitude proved to be efficient, with the potential consequences consistent with the reality. With the establishment of the relation between the critical values of the morphological parameters and the basins with higher magnitude, it was possible to elaborate an index of potential of magnitude and susceptibility. This research contributes to the studies related to debris flow from a geomorphological approach, adding more informations about the process and collaborating to better understand the debris flow dynamics in the Serra do Mar.

Nesta tese foram executados diversos ensaios geotécnicos em um solo coluvionar de uma encosta em que ocorreu uma ruptura translacional, seguida de liquefação e corrida de detritos, em São Vendelino (RS). Na mesma área ocorreram dezenas de rupturas de taludes em dezembro de 2000, durante um evento pluviométrico com chuvas de 148 mm medidas em 2 h. Os taludes da região apresentam declividades em torno de 27-36° com uma camada superficial de solo coluvionar (aproximadamente 2 m). Os solos amostrados foram retirados junto da cicatriz de um destes movimentos, o qual uma testemunha ocular descreveu como uma ruptura de grande mobilidade e fluidez. No trabalho é apresentada (a) uma caracterização geral das propriedades geotécnicas dos solos coluvionares da área de estudo, a partir de um conjunto de ensaios realizados em amostras deformadas e indeformadas coletadas em campo; (b) resultados do monitoramento de poro-pressões por piezômetros elétricos e um pluviômetro, instalados na encosta; (c) ensaios de condutividade hidráulica de laboratório e de campo (permeâmetro de Guelph, piezômetros de Casagrande e cilindros concêntricos); (d) um conjunto de resultados de ensaios de cisalhamento direto, ensaios de compressão triaxial CID, CIU, CID-U e CSD (constant shear drained) e (e) um conjunto de ensaios hollow cylinder. Os ensaios de condutividade hidráulica realizados em laboratório com amostras indeformadas forneceram valores entre 2,5x10-4 e 5,4x10-3 cm/s. Os resultados dos ensaios de cisalhamento resultaram em valores c =4-10 kPa e f = 26º (remoldados ou indeformados) e c =0-10 kPa e f =25,8-36,9º (triaxiais em solo remoldado). Os ensaios hollow cylinder realizados mostraram que há uma grande influência da rotação das tensões principais nos parâmetros de resistência ao cisalhamento e no comportamento do solo pré e pós-ruptura. Os resultados também sugerem que análises de estabilidade de taludes baseadas nos parâmetros de resistência ao cisalhamento obtidos a partir de ensaios de compressão triaxial não são conservativas. Análises de fluxo de água e de estabilidade da encosta sugerem que somente chuvas com intensidade de magnitude semelhante à de dezembro de 2000 podem provocar rupturas na encosta estudada. / In this thesis several geotechnical tests were performed in a colluvium soil from a slope in which a translational slide occurred, followed by liquefaction and debris flow, in São Vendelino, RS, Brazil. In the same area several other slope failures occurred in December 2000 during a rain event with precipitation of 148mm in 2 hours. The inclination of the slopes in the region are in the range of 27-36o with a surficial layer of colluvium soil (approximately 2 m). The soil samples soil were collected close to a scar generated by one of those movements, which an eye-witness described as a failure with great mobility. This thesis presents (a) a basic characterization of colluvium soils from the studied area, using disturbed and undisturbed samples; (b) monitored values of in-situ pore-pressure using electric piezometers and results of a pluviometer installed in the studied area; (c) results of hydraulic conductivity from laboratory and field tests (Guelph permeameter, Casagrande piezometers and concentric cylinders); (d) results from direct shear and triaxial tests (CID, CIU, CID-U and CSD) and (e) a set of hollow cylinder tests. The laboratory conductivity hydraulic tests carried out on undisturbed samples showed values variyng from 2.5x10-4 to 5.4x10-3 cm/s. The direct shear results resulted in c =4-10 kPa e f =26º (undisturbed or reconstituted samples) and triaxial tests resulted in c =0-10 kPa and f =25.8-36.9º (reconstituted samples). The hollow cylinder tests showed that there is a strong influence of principal stress rotation in the shear strength and in the soil behavior pre and post failure. The results also suggest that slope stability analyses based on shear strength parameters obtained from triaxial tests are not conservative. Seepage and slope stability analyses suggest that only rains of great intensity, similar to the event of December 2000, may generate failures in the studied slope.

Nesta tese foram executados diversos ensaios geotécnicos em um solo coluvionar de uma encosta em que ocorreu uma ruptura translacional, seguida de liquefação e corrida de detritos, em São Vendelino (RS). Na mesma área ocorreram dezenas de rupturas de taludes em dezembro de 2000, durante um evento pluviométrico com chuvas de 148 mm medidas em 2 h. Os taludes da região apresentam declividades em torno de 27-36° com uma camada superficial de solo coluvionar (aproximadamente 2 m). Os solos amostrados foram retirados junto da cicatriz de um destes movimentos, o qual uma testemunha ocular descreveu como uma ruptura de grande mobilidade e fluidez. No trabalho é apresentada (a) uma caracterização geral das propriedades geotécnicas dos solos coluvionares da área de estudo, a partir de um conjunto de ensaios realizados em amostras deformadas e indeformadas coletadas em campo; (b) resultados do monitoramento de poro-pressões por piezômetros elétricos e um pluviômetro, instalados na encosta; (c) ensaios de condutividade hidráulica de laboratório e de campo (permeâmetro de Guelph, piezômetros de Casagrande e cilindros concêntricos); (d) um conjunto de resultados de ensaios de cisalhamento direto, ensaios de compressão triaxial CID, CIU, CID-U e CSD (constant shear drained) e (e) um conjunto de ensaios hollow cylinder. Os ensaios de condutividade hidráulica realizados em laboratório com amostras indeformadas forneceram valores entre 2,5x10-4 e 5,4x10-3 cm/s. Os resultados dos ensaios de cisalhamento resultaram em valores c =4-10 kPa e f = 26º (remoldados ou indeformados) e c =0-10 kPa e f =25,8-36,9º (triaxiais em solo remoldado). Os ensaios hollow cylinder realizados mostraram que há uma grande influência da rotação das tensões principais nos parâmetros de resistência ao cisalhamento e no comportamento do solo pré e pós-ruptura. Os resultados também sugerem que análises de estabilidade de taludes baseadas nos parâmetros de resistência ao cisalhamento obtidos a partir de ensaios de compressão triaxial não são conservativas. Análises de fluxo de água e de estabilidade da encosta sugerem que somente chuvas com intensidade de magnitude semelhante à de dezembro de 2000 podem provocar rupturas na encosta estudada. / In this thesis several geotechnical tests were performed in a colluvium soil from a slope in which a translational slide occurred, followed by liquefaction and debris flow, in São Vendelino, RS, Brazil. In the same area several other slope failures occurred in December 2000 during a rain event with precipitation of 148mm in 2 hours. The inclination of the slopes in the region are in the range of 27-36o with a surficial layer of colluvium soil (approximately 2 m). The soil samples soil were collected close to a scar generated by one of those movements, which an eye-witness described as a failure with great mobility. This thesis presents (a) a basic characterization of colluvium soils from the studied area, using disturbed and undisturbed samples; (b) monitored values of in-situ pore-pressure using electric piezometers and results of a pluviometer installed in the studied area; (c) results of hydraulic conductivity from laboratory and field tests (Guelph permeameter, Casagrande piezometers and concentric cylinders); (d) results from direct shear and triaxial tests (CID, CIU, CID-U and CSD) and (e) a set of hollow cylinder tests. The laboratory conductivity hydraulic tests carried out on undisturbed samples showed values variyng from 2.5x10-4 to 5.4x10-3 cm/s. The direct shear results resulted in c =4-10 kPa e f =26º (undisturbed or reconstituted samples) and triaxial tests resulted in c =0-10 kPa and f =25.8-36.9º (reconstituted samples). The hollow cylinder tests showed that there is a strong influence of principal stress rotation in the shear strength and in the soil behavior pre and post failure. The results also suggest that slope stability analyses based on shear strength parameters obtained from triaxial tests are not conservative. Seepage and slope stability analyses suggest that only rains of great intensity, similar to the event of December 2000, may generate failures in the studied slope.

Dans les bassins versants abrupts de montagne, de larges quantités de sédiments provenant des pentes escarpées viennent se déposer dans la partie supérieure des torrents et sont remobilisées par les laves torrentielles ou par charriage. Le but de ce travail était d'étudier le transport des sédiments grossiers dans les petits bassins versants torrentiels et d’analyser l’influence du stockage de ces sédiments dans le chenal sur les laves torrentielles. Cela a requis sur le terrain une intense surveillance géomorphologique des événements d'écoulement dans les bassins versants des torrents du Manival et du Réal, susceptibles de produire des laves torrentielles et du transport solide par charriage chaque année.Le bilan sédimentaire du Manival a été réalisé grâce à des mesures topographiques répétées entre les événements importants d’écoulements (sections transversales et relevés au scan laser terrestre). Deux évènements de laves torrentielles et plusieurs évènements de charriage ont été observés. La reconstitution de leur budget sédimentaire a révélé que la majeure partie de leurs volumes a été apportée par l'érosion du chenal. Les évènements de charriage de l’automne ont contribué à la recharge sédimentaire du chenal principal par le dépôt de grands bancs de gravier. Ce processus est fondamental au déclenchement de laves torrentielles lors des printemps et été suivants. Un décalage dans le temps des séquences érosion /dépôt a été observé entre les parties supérieure et inférieure du chenal, révélant un transfert discontinu de sédiments dans le bassin versant. Un modèle conceptuel de transfert des sédiments est proposé pour les différentes magnitudes d’écoulement.Dans le Réal, le volume de sédiment transporté est similaire à celui du Manival avec une augmentation importante du volume dans le chenal. La plus importante lave torrentielle observée a révélé une diminution en aval des hauteurs d'écoulement maximales, des contraintes de cisaillement, de la vitesse et de la résistance à l'écoulement. Cela suggère que le front de la lave torrentielle érode et déstabilise le chenal, mais qu’il ne peut pas transporter les matériaux en raison de sa concentration élevée en sédiments. La vague hyperconcentrée qui suit se charge des matériaux restants, croît en volume et fusionne avec la lave torrentielle en décélération. Le front et les vagues suivantes jouent un rôle essentiel pour l'érosion lors d'un événement de lave torrentielle.Les laves torrentielles ont créé une érosion significative à la variabilité spatiale importante alors que les déformations du lit induites par le charriage sont en équilibre. L’érosion du chenal par les laves torrentielles est contrôlée étroitement par la pente en amont et les conditions de stockage des sédiments et peut être prédite par une relation logarithmique. Les matériaux les plus sensibles à l'érosion dans le Manival sont les bancs de gravier non consolidés formés par le charriage. Ils constituent une surface lisse au sein du chenal rugueux qui peut être automatiquement cartographiée à partir de données de laser scan terrestre ou aérien. Ceci fournit une évaluation des zones sensibles à l'érosion dans un chenal au moment du relevé au scan laser.Cette étude a permis d’alimenter le domaine des laves torrentielles en observations quantitatives sur le terrain. Des bases de données détaillées ont été obtenues par l'intégration de multiples relevés des différentes sections transversales, des nombreux balayages laser et des données des stations de mesure à haute fréquence. Les mesures de transfert de sédiments, des interactions/contrôles dans le chenal, de la dynamique des laves torrentielles. La caractérisation des stockages dans ces bassins différents fournit une base solide pour le développement de modèles conceptuels et statistiques. Ces observations ont également mis en évidence les paramètres importants à mesurer sur le terrain qui ont une influence sur les laves torrentielles. / Steep mountain catchments typically experience large sediment pulses from hillslopes which are stored in headwater channels and remobilized by debris-flows or bedload transport. The purpose of this research was to investigate the coarse sediment transport through steep catchments and how channel storage can influence debris-flows. This required intensive field-based geomorphic monitoring of flow events in the Manival and Réal torrent catchments which can experience debris-flows and bedload transport every year.In the Manival Torrent, the sediment transfers were characterized at a seasonal time scale by a complete sediment budget of the catchment derived from multi-date topographic measurements between important flow events (cross-section surveying and terrestrial laser scanning). Sediment budget reconstitution of two debris-flows revealed that most of their volumes were supplied by channel scouring (more than 92%). Bedload transport during autumn contributed to the sediment recharge of high-order channels by the deposition of large gravel wedges. This process is recognized as being fundamental for debris-flow occurrence during the subsequent spring and summer. A time shift of scour-and-fill sequences was observed between low- and high-order channels, revealing the discontinuous sediment transfer in the catchment during common flow events. A conceptual model of sediment routing for different event magnitudes is proposed.In the Réal Torrent, post-event surveying and high-frequency monitoring stations were used to compare and compile measurements of flow events. Three debris-flow events and three periods of bedload transport with small headwater debris-flows were observed. Sediment transport volumes for debris-flows were very similar to the Manival with important volume growth in the channel. The largest observed debris-flow revealed a downstream decrease of maximum flow heights, shear stress, velocity, and flow resistance. We hypothesize that the debris-flow front scours and destabilizes the channel, but it cannot transport the material because of its high sediment concentration. Therefore, the trailing hyperconcentrated surge picks up the remaining material, grows in volume, and coalesces with the decelerating debris-flow. Both the front and following surges play an integral role for net erosion during a debris-flow event.Multi-date cross-sections in the Manival and Réal have shown that debris-flows have significant scouring with large spatial variability. Bedload transport was observed to be at equilibrium with little variability. Field observations of channel deformations show that debris-flow scouring is strongly controlled by upstream slope and storage conditions. A logarithmic relationship is proposed as an empirical fit for the prediction of channel erosion. The most susceptible materials for erosion in the Manival are the unconsolidated gravel wedges developed from bedload transport. This material has a smooth surface within the rugged channel which can be automatically mapped with a 20 cm digital elevation model from either terrestrial or airborne laser scans by calculating roughness with a one meter window. This provides an automatic assessment of erodible areas in a channel at the time of the laser scan survey.This study has contributed to the need of quantitative field observations in the realm of debris-flow research. Complete and thorough databases were obtained by integrating multi-date cross-section surveys, multi-date laser scans, and high-frequency monitoring stations. Quantified evidence revealing sediment transfers, channel interactions/controls, debris-flow dynamics, and storage characterizations in two different catchments provides a strong basis in the development of conceptual and statistical models. These observations also highlighted the significant field parameters that have an influence on debris-flows and steep catchment systems.

Nesta tese foram executados diversos ensaios geotécnicos em um solo coluvionar de uma encosta em que ocorreu uma ruptura translacional, seguida de liquefação e corrida de detritos, em São Vendelino (RS). Na mesma área ocorreram dezenas de rupturas de taludes em dezembro de 2000, durante um evento pluviométrico com chuvas de 148 mm medidas em 2 h. Os taludes da região apresentam declividades em torno de 27-36° com uma camada superficial de solo coluvionar (aproximadamente 2 m). Os solos amostrados foram retirados junto da cicatriz de um destes movimentos, o qual uma testemunha ocular descreveu como uma ruptura de grande mobilidade e fluidez. No trabalho é apresentada (a) uma caracterização geral das propriedades geotécnicas dos solos coluvionares da área de estudo, a partir de um conjunto de ensaios realizados em amostras deformadas e indeformadas coletadas em campo; (b) resultados do monitoramento de poro-pressões por piezômetros elétricos e um pluviômetro, instalados na encosta; (c) ensaios de condutividade hidráulica de laboratório e de campo (permeâmetro de Guelph, piezômetros de Casagrande e cilindros concêntricos); (d) um conjunto de resultados de ensaios de cisalhamento direto, ensaios de compressão triaxial CID, CIU, CID-U e CSD (constant shear drained) e (e) um conjunto de ensaios hollow cylinder. Os ensaios de condutividade hidráulica realizados em laboratório com amostras indeformadas forneceram valores entre 2,5x10-4 e 5,4x10-3 cm/s. Os resultados dos ensaios de cisalhamento resultaram em valores c =4-10 kPa e f = 26º (remoldados ou indeformados) e c =0-10 kPa e f =25,8-36,9º (triaxiais em solo remoldado). Os ensaios hollow cylinder realizados mostraram que há uma grande influência da rotação das tensões principais nos parâmetros de resistência ao cisalhamento e no comportamento do solo pré e pós-ruptura. Os resultados também sugerem que análises de estabilidade de taludes baseadas nos parâmetros de resistência ao cisalhamento obtidos a partir de ensaios de compressão triaxial não são conservativas. Análises de fluxo de água e de estabilidade da encosta sugerem que somente chuvas com intensidade de magnitude semelhante à de dezembro de 2000 podem provocar rupturas na encosta estudada. / In this thesis several geotechnical tests were performed in a colluvium soil from a slope in which a translational slide occurred, followed by liquefaction and debris flow, in São Vendelino, RS, Brazil. In the same area several other slope failures occurred in December 2000 during a rain event with precipitation of 148mm in 2 hours. The inclination of the slopes in the region are in the range of 27-36o with a surficial layer of colluvium soil (approximately 2 m). The soil samples soil were collected close to a scar generated by one of those movements, which an eye-witness described as a failure with great mobility. This thesis presents (a) a basic characterization of colluvium soils from the studied area, using disturbed and undisturbed samples; (b) monitored values of in-situ pore-pressure using electric piezometers and results of a pluviometer installed in the studied area; (c) results of hydraulic conductivity from laboratory and field tests (Guelph permeameter, Casagrande piezometers and concentric cylinders); (d) results from direct shear and triaxial tests (CID, CIU, CID-U and CSD) and (e) a set of hollow cylinder tests. The laboratory conductivity hydraulic tests carried out on undisturbed samples showed values variyng from 2.5x10-4 to 5.4x10-3 cm/s. The direct shear results resulted in c =4-10 kPa e f =26º (undisturbed or reconstituted samples) and triaxial tests resulted in c =0-10 kPa and f =25.8-36.9º (reconstituted samples). The hollow cylinder tests showed that there is a strong influence of principal stress rotation in the shear strength and in the soil behavior pre and post failure. The results also suggest that slope stability analyses based on shear strength parameters obtained from triaxial tests are not conservative. Seepage and slope stability analyses suggest that only rains of great intensity, similar to the event of December 2000, may generate failures in the studied slope.

A análise da morfologia é uma importante ferramenta para avaliação das características internas do sistema bacia hidrográfica. Os atributos morfológicos podem demonstrar um padrão de comportamento dos processos ocorridos em seu interior, sobretudo os processos hidrogeomorfológicos, como enxurradas e corridas de detritos. As corridas de detritos possuem características específicas, em sua maioria relacionadas aos canais de drenagem, portanto, sua análise morfológica é fundamental para o entendimento do processo. São importantes os estudos que visam compreender de forma mais aprofundada os condicionantes relacionados à ocorrência de corridas de detritos, devido tanto à magnitude quanto e, principalmente, ao seu poder destrutivo, e, sobretudo, devido a recorrência do processo. Conforme o exposto, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo central avaliar a suscetibilidade de bacias hidrográficas a partir da análise de parâmetros morfológicos e sua relação com a magnitude das corridas de detritos ocorridas em 1967 no município de Caraguatatuba/SP, visando a elaboração de um índice de potencial de magnitude e suscetibilidade com base nos resultados. Para alcançar tal objetivo, as seguintes etapas metodológicas foram definidas: i) seleção de bacias hidrográficas com evidência de ocorrência de corridas de detritos; ii) mapeamento dos parâmetros morfológicos; iii) caracterização morfológica dos depósitos e definição da magnitude das corridas de detritos de 1967; e iv) elaboração de índice de potencial de magnitude e suscetibilidade à ocorrência de corridas de detritos. Os resultados mostraram a influência dos parâmetros morfológicos na magnitude das corridas de detritos, com destaque para perfil longitudinal, hierarquia de drenagem e área da bacia acima de 25°. As bacias classificadas com nível de magnitude maior obtiveram os valores mais críticos com relação a estes parâmetros. A metodologia utilizada para determinação da magnitude se mostrou eficiente, ficando as consequências potenciais condizentes com a realidade. Com o estabelecimento da relação entre os valores críticos dos parâmetros e a maior magnitude, foi possível a elaboração de um índice de potencial de magnitude e suscetibilidade com base nos parâmetros morfológicos. Esta pesquisa contribui para os estudos referentes às corridas de detritos, sob uma perspectiva geomorfológica, agregando mais informações a respeito do processo e colaborando para o melhor entendimento de sua dinâmica na Serra do Mar. / The morphological analysis is an important tool in the evaluation of the inner characteristics of the hydrographic basin system. Its attributes demonstrate a pattern of behave of the processes occurred in the basin, especially hydrogeomorphic processes, such as flood and debris flow. Debris flow have specific characteristics, mostly related to the drainage channels, being primordial the study of the characteristics of the hydrographic basin. Studies which aim to better understand the conditioning factors related to the occurrence of debris flow are important due to the magnitude but also the recorrence of the process. As explained before, the main goal of this research was to evaluate susceptibility of hydrographic basins through morphological parameters and its relation with the magnitude of the debris flows occurred in Caraguatatuba, 1967, aiming to elaborate an index of potential of magnitude and susceptibility based in the results. To achieve this goal, the following methodological steps were defined: (i) selection of hydrographic basins with evidence of occurrence of debris flow; (ii) morphological parameters mapping; (iii) morphological characterization of the deposits and definition of the magnitude of debris flow; and (iv) elaboration of an index of potential of magnitude and susceptibility to de occurrence of debris flow. The results showed the influence of the morphological parameters in the magnitude of debris flows, highlighting the parameters longitudinal profile, drainage hierarchy and area above 25°. The basins classified with higher magnitude obtained the most critical values relation to those parameters. The methodology used to determine the magnitude proved to be efficient, with the potential consequences consistent with the reality. With the establishment of the relation between the critical values of the morphological parameters and the basins with higher magnitude, it was possible to elaborate an index of potential of magnitude and susceptibility. This research contributes to the studies related to debris flow from a geomorphological approach, adding more informations about the process and collaborating to better understand the debris flow dynamics in the Serra do Mar.

No description available.

The Aneth Field in the Paradox Basin (SE Utah) has produced nearly 500 MMbbls of oil from phylloid-algal and oolitic carbonate reservoirs of the lower and upper Desert Creek (Paradox Formation, Middle Pennsylvanian) sequences, respectively. The oil resides in a 150 to 200 foot-thick isolated carbonate platform located in a distal ramp setting on the southwest margin of the Paradox Basin. The horseshoe-shaped platform is roughly 12 miles in diameter with an aerial extent of approximately 144 square miles. Evaluation of the platform-to-basin transition on the leeward (southern) margin of the Aneth Platform, the focus of this study, was made possible through Resolute Energy's 2017 donation of well data and core to the Utah Geological Survey Core Research Center. The lower Desert Creek sequence ranges from 50 to 100 feet in thickness and produces from a succession of phylloid-algal, boundstone-capped parasequences in the Aneth Platform. The upper Desert Creek sequence is generally thinner across the platform and is characterized by a succession of oolite-capped parasequences, except on the southern margin of the platform where it ranges from 80 to 115 feet in thickness. The upper Desert Creek thick resulted from southward shedding of platform-derived carbonate sediment and lesser amounts of quartz silt and very fine sand off the low-angle southern platform margin slope. A nine-mile-long, north-south-oriented stratigraphic panel constructed from log and core data permits characterization of thickness and facies trends through the upper Desert Creek from platform (north) to slope to distal basin (south) in the Ratherford unit. In the southern margin, five novel facies for the Aneth Field were analyzed, described, and interpreted using a sequence stratigraphic framework, all of which represent deposition on a gravity-influenced platform-edge slope. It is interpreted that the slope facies association was deposited during transgression and highstand and was generally a result of oversteepened slopes as a function of the carbonate factory on the platform being highly productive. Slope and basin facies range from proximal rudstone and floatstone to thin, graded distal turbidites, the latter of which extend at least five miles into the basin. Compaction of the muddy and fine-grained allochthonous sediment followed by pervasive calcite and anhydrite cementation has destroyed any primary porosity in the platform-derived slope-to-basin sediments.

台灣近年來發生許多土流災害，導致許多傷亡與損失，而行政單位在救災時，卻忽略了土石流潛勢地區民眾的疏散避難決策需求，尤其是行動弱勢族群。本研究透過問卷調查與訪談的方式，針對三處土石流潛勢地區之一般家戶行動弱勢族群以及全省十個土石流潛勢溪流較多縣市之社福機構行動弱勢族群，瞭解其對於土石流災害的認知情形以及疏散避難之決策行為特性，並以二元羅吉斯特迴歸方法，建立疏散避難的決策行為模式，協助行政單位瞭解其疏散避難之需求與決策行為，設計更完善之疏散避難計畫。 在與美國Lili颶風案例進行分析比較後，發現一般家戶與社福機構之行動弱勢族群最相信的資訊來源都是行政單位的宣導，Lili颶風案例則是地方平面媒體的報導，而三方最不相信的都是網際網路。在疏散避難的決策行為模式方面，發現「獨居」對於一般家戶行動弱勢族群是否需要協助，有非常顯著的影響，表示獨居的行動弱勢者在避難時非常需要他人的協助。而「前往其他地區同性質的機構避難」對於社福機構行動弱勢族群避難過程所需長短，有非常顯著的影響，並會增加整個避難所需的時間。 / Debris flows cause a lot of injuries, deaths and property losing in recent years in Taiwan. When the government was providing disaster relief, it lacked for paying attention to the real evacuation behavior and perception of vulnerable area, especially the disable groups. This study conducted a questionnaire survey for two disable groups to understand their disaster perception and evacuation decision-making behavior. One disable group is living in general households in three debris flow vulnerable townships; another is living in social welfare organization in ten debris flow vulnerable counties. A decision model was built by using Binary logistic to estimate the evacuation decision-making behavior. Research result can be contributed to evacuation planning and policy implementation. Comparing with the evacuation behavior case of hurricane Lili in U.S.A, This study finds that the most reliable channel of evacuation information for two disable groups in Taiwan are from governmental authorities, but for the case of hurricane Lili is from local news media. No matter the case in Taiwan or in U.S.A, the most unreliable channel of evacuation information is from internet. Research result by evacuation decision-making behavior model, “living alone” is an outstanding factor that disable group who live in general households need help or not when they’re evacuating. It shows that people who live alone need others' help very much while taking refuge. “Evacuating to the other organizations in the other area” is an outstanding factor that disable group who live in social welfare organizations need longer time to evacuate. It shows that if organization evacuate to the other organizations in the other area, they will raise the total evacuation time.

Orientador: José Eduardo Zaine / Resumo: As corridas de detritos ou debris flows são os fenômenos de movimentação de massa mais impactantes no Brasil, com destaque para a região serrana do Estado de São Paulo. São movimentos de massa complexos, que se comportam na forma de fluxos altamente densos, responsáveis pelo grande aporte de material grosseiro no decorrer das drenagens, com grande poder de impacto e raio de destruição. Esta pesquisa buscou aprimorar o conhecimento acerca dos movimentos de massa do tipo corrida de detritos, por meio de uma classificação bibliográfica sistemática do fenômeno, assim como dos seus principais fatores indutores na região da Serra do Mar. A área escolhida para o estudo foi uma bacia hidrográfica no município de Cubatão/SP, devido ao grande histórico de eventos desse tipo, como os ocorridos em 1994, que foram responsáveis pela paralização das operações na Refinaria Presidente Bernardes, resultando em altos prejuízos financeiros. Em 2013, no Rio Pilões, outro evento de magnitude similar comprometeu a infraestrutura da Sabesp, resultando em uma morte. Tomando como recorte de estudo a bacia hidrográfica do Rio das Pedras, o objetivo principal foi desenvolver, por meio de metodologias de gestão e mapeamento uma proposta de gerenciamento preventivo à ocorrência de corridas de detrito em bacias hidrográficas na Serra do Mar. Assim, por meio da avaliação da suscetibilidade, aplicação de equações empíricas, mapeamento geológico-geomorfológico e definição de cenários de risco com precipitação... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The debris flows are the most striking mass movement phenomena in Brazil, with emphasis on the mountain region of the State of São Paulo. They are complex mass movements, which behave in the form of highly dense flows, responsible for the great contribution of coarse material during the drainage, with great impact power and radius of destruction. This research aimed to improve the knowledge about mass movements of the type of debris run, through a systematic bibliographic classification of the phenomenon, as well as its main inductive factors in the Serra do Mar region. The area chosen for the study was a basin in the municipality of Cubatão / SP, due to the great history of events of this type, such as those occurred in 1994, which were responsible for the paralysis of operations at the Presidente Bernardes Refinery, resulting in high financial losses. In 2013, at Rio Pilões, another event of similar magnitude compromised Sabesp's infrastructure, resulting in one death. Taking as a study study the Rio das Pedras river basin, the main objective was to develop, through management and mapping methodologies, a proposal of preventive management to the occurrence of detritus races in watersheds in the Serra do Mar. Thus, through the evaluation of susceptibility, the application of empirical equations, geological-geomorphological mapping and the definition of risk scenarios with critical precipitation, resulted in a better estimate of a risk scenario closer to the real one possible... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre