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The lecture recital was given November 6, 1989. Five Preludes by Claude Debussy were preformed following a lecture on some important considerations of approaching the pedaling complexities in his solo piano works. In addition to the lecture recital, three other solo piano recitals were performed. The first solo recital consisted of works by Franz Schubert and Robert Schumann, and was performed on November 17, 1980. On March 1, 1982, the second solo recital was presented. This performance consisted of works by J. Brahms, W.A. Mozart, S. Prokofieff, and A. Schoenberg. The third solo recital was performed on November 21, 1988 and included the works of L. van Beethoven. A. Berg, F. Chopin, and C. Debussy. The four programs were recorded on tape and filed with the written version of the lecture as part of the dissertation.

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It is not by accident that virtually every important study of Debussy's life or works (including the recent and definitive biography by Edward Lockspeiser) has been made from a psychological viewpoint. The peculiar nature of the composer's art, resulting from his intimate ties with the French symbolist poets and his contacts with many other extra-musical influences, makes such an approach not only advantageous, but necessary. In this brief study of Pelleas et Melisande, the composer's only completed music drama, an attempt will be made to trace these many and varied influences, correlate them with the composer's musical style, and thus arrive at a deeper understanding of the nature of this remarkable work, along with its place in the history of the music drama. The actual study of the structure of the opera will give equal consideration to both the literary and the musical elements. As the unique quality of this work is grasped, the justification of such an approach will perhaps be verified.

Ce mémoire de maîtrise porte sur une méthode spécifique de direction créée et mise à l'épreuve auprès de chanteurs lyriques. Elle consiste en la création d'une «partition gestuelle» qui vise à nettoyer, styliser le geste de l'interprète ainsi qu'à évacuer tout mouvement superflu ou indésirable qui n'a pas été prévu, au préalable, par la mise en scène. Afin de vérifier la pertinence de cet outil, nous avons choisi quatre extraits de l'opéra de Debussy, Pelléas et Mélisande, pour lesquels nous avons élaboré quatre partitions gestuelles, selon quatre esthétiques théâtrales différentes, soit le « néo-réalisme », le « constructivisme des émotions », le « formalisme » et le « néo-expressionnisme ». En plus de faire un retour sur cette expérience, en revenant sur nos aspirations et nos réalisations, mais sans taire les obstacles auxquels nous avons été confrontés et les solutions que nous avons dû imaginer pour les surmonter, nous axons la réflexion sur la mise en scène lyrique en nous basant, entre autres, sur quelques-unes des mises en scène de Pelléas et Mélisande, dont celles de Peter Stein, Graham Vick et Robert Wilson. Suite à l'expérience, il nous semble que l'utilisation d'une partition gestuelle, comme méthode de direction d'un chanteur lyrique, mène effectivement l'interprète à avoir une meilleure compréhension de son personnage et une plus grande maîtrise de ses gestes. Ces extraits ont été présentés devant public les 26 et 27 mai 2008 au Studio d'Essai Claude-Gauvreau à l'Université du Québec à Montréal en collaboration avec l'Atelier lyrique de l'Opéra de Montréal. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : mise en scène, opéra, théâtre, chanteur lyrique, gestuelle, musique, Pelléas et Mélisande, Peter Stein, Graham Vick, Robert Wilson.

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The subject of this thesis is to present the cycles of the preludes composed by F. Chopin, A. N. Scriabin and C. Debussy and to compare them with each other. 3 sorts of criteria will be chosen for that: 1) non-musical criteria, 2) music theory criteria and 3) will be researched through the analysis of chosen music pieces from the cycles. Their common features and differences will be summarized at the end of the each chapter.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-08-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:56:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 marchetto_lfl_me_ia.pdf: 7290807 bytes, checksum: 97c4d4043c341670b195f82b68942e36 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar a chanson polifônica francesa, em particular as chansons para coral a cappella, escritas por Claude Debussy e Maurice Ravel, esperando que sirva de subsidio aos regentes corais, ajudando-os a compreender os elementos musicais e literários presentes nestas obras. Através de pesquisa na bibliografia, aborda-se a transformação da chanson ao longo do tempo para, em seguida, contextualiza-la dento da produção musical de C. Debussy e M. Ravel, apontando as principais características de suas linguagens musicais e as influências literárias que as inspiraram. Os dois conjuntos de chansons foram analisados, considerando seus elementos musicais e poéticos. Apesar das diferanças existentes no emprego da textura, da harmonia e da linguagem poética entre as chansons aqui analisadas, conclui-se que o fator comum que permeia estas obras é o uso da sonoridade natual das palavras, às quais se agrega de forma harmoniosa, funcionando como reforço expressivo das idéias e imagens sugeridas nos textos. / The dissertation presents the study of the French poliphonic chanson, particularly those composed by Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel. with the purpose of helping choir conductor to better undestand musical and literay elements present in these songs. The evolution of the chanson throught time is approached based on resarch of bibliography. The two sets of poliphonic chansons by Debussy and Ravel have been analyzed, calling attention to their poetical and musical elements. Besides the differencs in the texture, harmony and poetic language between the chansons here studied, it is possible to conclude that what they have in common is the natural sonority of their lyrics, to which music is added harmoniously, as an expressive reinforcemente to idas and images present in the poetic text.

The Six épigraphes antiques represent a cross-section of Debussy's creative output that traces the composer's germ-seed from his original setting of the work in 1901 as incidental music to accompany the recitation of several poems, to the four-hand piano version of 1914, and its consequent reduction for solo piano. What can be gleaned by the methods of derivation from his original sketches to the final, mature works is an understanding of Debussy's use of musical metaphor and his connection to the poetry - the Chansons de Bilitis of Pierre Louÿs. Embedded literary procedures create a new musical expression of the work whereby text and music become integrated. Rather than serving as accompaniment to the poems, the Épigraphes function as the primary vessel for the conveyance of these ancient scenes. Several of Debussy's hallmark symmetrical and structural moulds, such as the whole-tone, chromatic, octatonic, and mirroring techniques reflect the omnipresent symmetry of Classical Greece. Various other artistic creations emanated from the Épigraphes, most significantly the orchestration of Ernest Ansermet in 1939. A look at the techniques used by Ansermet for the augmentation of the piano work serves to extrapolate the multifarious layers relevant in performance. In order to facilitate the four-hand version for solo piano, Debussy used a variety of reductive methods. There are, however, means by which some of the extracted material might be restored to the solo version. Like the late work of many great masters, the Épigraphes are redolent of the tendency so many artists have near the end of their days - to revert back to the purest techniques of their language. The scoring of Debussy's Épigraphes is scaled back, compared to his Préludes (often consisting of three staves of notation), and incorporates leaner textures generated from lapidary motifs which transmit the antique realms evoked by the poetry of Louÿs.

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