No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / O conhecimento sobre o correto regime alimentar das larvas e pÃslarvas dos crustÃceos Decapoda à considerado essencial para o sucesso no cultivo larval. InformaÃÃes sobre o desenvolvimento e morfologia dos apÃndices bucais e estÃmago destes crustÃceos tÃm auxiliado na identificaÃÃo de alimentos e condiÃÃes de cultivo satisfatÃrias para o aumento da sobrevivÃncia e do crescimento durante o desenvolvimento larval. O desenvolvimento da estrutura do estÃmago e da funÃÃo digestiva foram examinados em larvas e pÃs-larvas de Litopenaeus vannamei, Lepidophthalmus siriboia, Callichirus major, Petrolisthes armatus, Sesarma curacaoense e S. rectum. O estÃmago do protozoea de L. vannamei à muito simples, sem vÃlvula cÃrdio-pilÃrica e filtro pilÃrico rudimentar. Nos misis, o filtro pilÃrico se torna funcional. No juvenil I surgem calhas e dentes laterais pouco desenvolvidos. Em L. siriboia, os estÃmagos dos zoeae estÃo aparentemente despreparados para alimentaÃÃo. No megalopa e juvenil I o estÃmago se torna complexo, com moinho gÃstrico. Nos zoeae de P. armatus, S. curacaoense e S. rectum, os estÃmagos possuem vÃlvula cÃrdio-pilÃrica e filtro pilÃrico morfologicamente funcionais e nos estÃgios megalopa e juvenil I o moinho gÃstrico à complexo. Em C. major, os estÃmagos dos zoeae se mostram especializados exibindo algumas estruturas rÃgidas, mas nÃo apresentam moinho gÃstrico. Esta estrutura surge no megalopa e juvenil I. A partir das caracterÃsticas morfolÃgicas presentes em cada estÃgio larval sugerem-se os seguintes tipos de alimento de acordo com a capacidade de processamento do estÃmago: gelatinoso (microalgas) para os protozoeae; flexÃvel (nÃuplios de Artemia e rotÃferos) para os zoeae e misis; e flexÃvel e rÃgido (zooplÃncton, poliquetas, moluscos) para megalopa e juvenil I. A organizaÃÃo dos estÃmagos à comparada entre outros representantes dos Decapoda e a relaÃÃo entre a morfologia e o hÃbito alimentar à discutida / Food is considered critical for the successful culture of decapod larvae. Information on the development of larval mouthparts and foregut have contributed for identification of suitable foods and for rearing conditions to enhance survival and growth during the larval progress. The development of foregut structure and digestive function was examined in Litopenaeus vannamei, Lepidophthalmus siriboia, Callichirus major, Petrolisthes armatus, Sesarma curacaoense and S. rectum larvae and post larvae. The protozoeal foregut of L. vannamei is simple, lacking cardio-pyloric valve and rudimental filter press. In mysis, the filter press is developed and become functional. In the juvenile, groove and small lateral teeth arise. In L. siriboia, the zoeal foreguts have no apparently feeding function. But, the megalopa and juvenile have a complex foregut, with gastric mill well developed. The zoeal stages of P. armatus, S. curacaoense and S. rectum have a functional cardio-pyloric valve and filter press. The megalopa and juvenile stages of these species have an adult-type gastric mill. In C. major, the foregut of the zoeae is specialized, with appearance of some rigid structures, but no gastric mill was found. This calcified structure arises in megalopa and grows on the juvenile stage. The morphological features exhibited in each larval stage suggest the following food types in agreement with the capacity of processing of the foregut: gelatinous (microalgae) for the protozoeal stage; flexible (nauplii of Artemia and rotifers) for the zoeal and mysis stages; and flexible or hard (zooplancton, polychaets and mollusks) for megalopa and juvenile I. The foregut structure was also compared to other Decapoda and the relationship between morphology and feeding behavior was discussed

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-04-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:20:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 camargo_fv_me_botib.pdf: 2205953 bytes, checksum: e1b8e3fbcc0f56e4f6a5f6427c780dcc (MD5) / O objetivo deste estudo é descrever a composição e a estrutura da comunidade de decápodos braquiúros associada ao cultivo de mexilhão Perna perna em Ubatuba, litoral norte paulista (23”27’07 S – 45”02’49 W). Foram realizadas coletas mensais durante o período de março de 2002 a abril de 2003, em sistema “long-line” de cultivo. As amostras das redes de P. perna foram triadas e mensuradas quanto ao volume. Os braquiúros amostrados foram identificados quanto a espécie e sexo, mensurados quanto a largura de carapaça (LC) e analisados quanto a diversidade, equidade e equitabilidade. Foi obtido um total de 849 indivíduos distribuídos em 14 gêneros e 16 espécies, sendo que Panopeus austrobesus e Pachygrapsus transversus apresentaram a maior abundância com 711 e 68 indivíduos respectivamente, correspondendo juntos a 83% do total amostrados, além disso, foram registradas para essas duas espécies os maiores valores de diversidade, constância e abundância. A presença de P. austrobesus e P. tranversus durante todo estudo sugere que essas espécies apresentem maior eficiência competitiva em relação a colonização primária das redes, além disso essas espécies foram consideradas responsáveis pela dinâmica e regulação da comunidade de braquiúros nas redes. A baixa riqueza encontrada nas redes de cultivo quando comparada a ambientes heterogêneos é esperada, devido ao estágio inicial de desenvolvimento da comunidade de caranguejos em relação a um substrato homogêneo e recém-formado e as perturbações por ele sofridas. / The main goal of this study is describe the composition and structure of the community of the Decapod Brachyuran associated to the commercial raft of the mussel Perna perna in the southeastern Brazilian coast (23º27”07’S–45º02”49’W). Monthly collections of mussels’ net culture were carried out from March, 2002 to April, 2003. The crabs were sexed and identified as juvenile and adult, based on the abdomen morphology, and measured as the largest carapace width (CW). The samples were analyzed for some ecologic index as richness, diversity, constancy, evenness and equitability. A total of 849 individuals was obtained, distributed into 14 genera and 16 species. Panopeus austrobesus and Pachygrapsus transversus were the most abundant species, with 711 and 68 specimens respectively, together corresponding to 68% of the total crab’s samples. For these two species were also recorded the largest values for diversity and constancy. The presence of these two species over all sampled period pointing out its high competitive efficiency during the initial phase of the mussel colonization, thereby responsible for the community regulation during this colonization phase. The low values of richness recorded on the mussel rafts are expected for the homogeneous environments, as those created among the mussel shells. So, the crab community established on the mussel raft, in the southeastern Brazilian coast, is dominated for two pioneers’ species that are the main pieces for its regulation.

No description available.

The studies presented in this thesis were designed to investigate the effects of reduced sea water pH on the behaviour of intertidal decapod crustaceans, both within the context of the variations occurring naturally in the pH of rock pool habitats, and in relation to predicted changes to ocean pH resulting from ocean acidification and potential carbon dioxide (CO2) leaks from carbon capture storage (CCS) sites. Recent studies on marine fish have shown behavioural disruptions as a result of increased CO2 concentrations in sea water and reduced pH, but the effects on crustaceans are as yet unknown. The first two studies investigated the effects of reduced pH upon the olfactory behaviour of the prawn Palaemon elegans and the hermit crab Pagurus bernhardus, focussing on their responses to food odours. Short-term (five day) exposures to highly reduced pH (pHNBS = 6.60, 6.80) revealed disruptions to the chemo-sensory behaviour of both species with a reduction in their ‘sniffing’ response, and the inability of P. bernhardus to locate the chemical cue. This was also accompanied by elevated haemolymph chloride ions. in In a further study P. bernhardus was subjected to a longer exposure (60 days) and to a range of pH levels (pHNBS = 8.00, 7.90, 7.70, 7.35 and 6.80) in order to detect a threshold for the behavioural disruptions observed, and to determine if there would be any sign of acclimation over a longer period. A clear gradient in the disruptions to the chemo-sensory responses and survival rates of the hermit crabs, and disruption to a physiological marker (elevated haemolymph calcium ions), was found. Possible thresholds for disruption were also identified at levels that match predictions for ocean acidification and leaks from proposed CO2 CCS sites. Some of the crabs in the lower pH treatments exhibited a recovery in their responses by day 60, possibly indicating an acclimation effect. The presence of disruption to haemolymph ion concentrations in both the short and longer term hermit crab studies suggest a mechanism for behavioural disruption. In a final study the effects of reduced sea water pH on a more complex behaviour, involving decision making, was investigated. Reduced sea water pH was shown to disrupt the shell assessment and selection behaviour of P. bernhardus affecting its decision making processes, although not all crabs were affected in the same way. The work presented here therefore demonstrates that reduced sea water pH could have disruptive effects upon both information gathering, via chemo-sensory processes, and decision making in intertidal crustaceans. The mechanism responsible is unlikely to be due to changes in the odour molecule, or physical damage to receptor organs. Rather the observed disruptions could be due (a) to ionic changes, causing metabolic depression or interference with neurotransmitter function, or (b) to disruption to chemoreception per se. Such disturbances to key behavioural processes have implications for inter and intraspecific species interactions and population dynamics in the marine environment. Changes in pH are already experienced by intertidal animals for short periods when rock pools are emersed, but future anthropogencially-induced reductions in sea water pH are likely to cause more sustained and widespread disruptions with, as yet, unpredictable consequences. The differential responses observed between individuals in these studies may warrant further investigation as such differences may provide the basis for selection and adaptation to projected changes in ocean pH.

Estuarine marshes are generally considered to be productive but not necessarily diverse ecosystems. During 24 consecutive months, I collected 65,000 fishes and decapods comprising over 65 species from the New Orleans Land Bridge, an estuarine salt marsh. My research details the distribution of nekton across five contiguous but geomorphically different regions, which I defined as “Areas”. This factor “Area” was significant in explaining community composition differences in 11 of the 24 months I evaluated. That is, during those 11 months community structure was different among the Areas. Specific “month” was also found to be a significant factor as community structure was found to differ among the months. No consistent abiotic factors were associated with community structure. These observations imply that a different set of factors are associated with community structure at the Area level than at the microhabitat level. Sampling of nekton in shallow estuarine salt marsh habitats was difficult. The cast net is a useful gear type for this type of sampling and can be readily standardized for each operator. Standardization of the area covered by the net allows density of collected nekton to be calculated. Little is known about the life cycle of one important estuarine dependent sport fish, tarpon (Megalops atlanticus), in southeastern Louisiana. This research details the presence of the major life stages of the species in Louisiana and suggests that it is capable of completing its life cycle in State waters. The presence of a spawning capable female and male tarpon is documented.

Orientador: Adilson Fransozo / Banca: Valter José Cobo / Banca: Roberto Munehiza Shimizu / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo é descrever a composição e a estrutura da comunidade de decápodos braquiúros associada ao cultivo de mexilhão Perna perna em Ubatuba, litoral norte paulista (23"27'07 S - 45"02'49 W). Foram realizadas coletas mensais durante o período de março de 2002 a abril de 2003, em sistema "long-line" de cultivo. As amostras das redes de P. perna foram triadas e mensuradas quanto ao volume. Os braquiúros amostrados foram identificados quanto a espécie e sexo, mensurados quanto a largura de carapaça (LC) e analisados quanto a diversidade, equidade e equitabilidade. Foi obtido um total de 849 indivíduos distribuídos em 14 gêneros e 16 espécies, sendo que Panopeus austrobesus e Pachygrapsus transversus apresentaram a maior abundância com 711 e 68 indivíduos respectivamente, correspondendo juntos a 83% do total amostrados, além disso, foram registradas para essas duas espécies os maiores valores de diversidade, constância e abundância. A presença de P. austrobesus e P. tranversus durante todo estudo sugere que essas espécies apresentem maior eficiência competitiva em relação a colonização primária das redes, além disso essas espécies foram consideradas responsáveis pela dinâmica e regulação da comunidade de braquiúros nas redes. A baixa riqueza encontrada nas redes de cultivo quando comparada a ambientes heterogêneos é esperada, devido ao estágio inicial de desenvolvimento da comunidade de caranguejos em relação a um substrato homogêneo e recém-formado e as perturbações por ele sofridas. / Abstract: The main goal of this study is describe the composition and structure of the community of the Decapod Brachyuran associated to the commercial raft of the mussel Perna perna in the southeastern Brazilian coast (23º27"07'S-45º02"49'W). Monthly collections of mussels' net culture were carried out from March, 2002 to April, 2003. The crabs were sexed and identified as juvenile and adult, based on the abdomen morphology, and measured as the largest carapace width (CW). The samples were analyzed for some ecologic index as richness, diversity, constancy, evenness and equitability. A total of 849 individuals was obtained, distributed into 14 genera and 16 species. Panopeus austrobesus and Pachygrapsus transversus were the most abundant species, with 711 and 68 specimens respectively, together corresponding to 68% of the total crab's samples. For these two species were also recorded the largest values for diversity and constancy. The presence of these two species over all sampled period pointing out its high competitive efficiency during the initial phase of the mussel colonization, thereby responsible for the community regulation during this colonization phase. The low values of richness recorded on the mussel rafts are expected for the homogeneous environments, as those created among the mussel shells. So, the crab community established on the mussel raft, in the southeastern Brazilian coast, is dominated for two pioneers' species that are the main pieces for its regulation. / Mestre

MELO, Marlon Aguiar. Desenvolvimento e morfologia funcional dos estômagos de larvas e pós-larvas dos crustáceos Decapoda. 2005. 88 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centor de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Fortaleza-CE, 2005 / Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-07-20T12:22:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_dis_mamelo.pdf: 4901162 bytes, checksum: 30994437a546e54ea58000b86b7c52d7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-07-20T12:23:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_dis_mamelo.pdf: 4901162 bytes, checksum: 30994437a546e54ea58000b86b7c52d7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-20T12:23:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_dis_mamelo.pdf: 4901162 bytes, checksum: 30994437a546e54ea58000b86b7c52d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Food is considered critical for the successful culture of decapod larvae. Information on the development of larval mouthparts and foregut have contributed for identification of suitable foods and for rearing conditions to enhance survival and growth during the larval progress. The development of foregut structure and digestive function was examined in Litopenaeus vannamei, Lepidophthalmus siriboia, Callichirus major, Petrolisthes armatus, Sesarma curacaoense and S. rectum larvae and post larvae. The protozoeal foregut of L. vannamei is simple, lacking cardio-pyloric valve and rudimental filter press. In mysis, the filter press is developed and become functional. In the juvenile, groove and small lateral teeth arise. In L. siriboia, the zoeal foreguts have no apparently feeding function. But, the megalopa and juvenile have a complex foregut, with gastric mill well developed. The zoeal stages of P. armatus, S. curacaoense and S. rectum have a functional cardio-pyloric valve and filter press. The megalopa and juvenile stages of these species have an adult-type gastric mill. In C. major, the foregut of the zoeae is specialized, with appearance of some rigid structures, but no gastric mill was found. This calcified structure arises in megalopa and grows on the juvenile stage. The morphological features exhibited in each larval stage suggest the following food types in agreement with the capacity of processing of the foregut: gelatinous (microalgae) for the protozoeal stage; flexible (nauplii of Artemia and rotifers) for the zoeal and mysis stages; and flexible or hard (zooplancton, polychaets and mollusks) for megalopa and juvenile I. The foregut structure was also compared to other Decapoda and the relationship between morphology and feeding behavior was discussed / O conhecimento sobre o correto regime alimentar das larvas e póslarvas dos crustáceos Decapoda é considerado essencial para o sucesso no cultivo larval. Informações sobre o desenvolvimento e morfologia dos apêndices bucais e estômago destes crustáceos têm auxiliado na identificação de alimentos e condições de cultivo satisfatórias para o aumento da sobrevivência e do crescimento durante o desenvolvimento larval. O desenvolvimento da estrutura do estômago e da função digestiva foram examinados em larvas e pós-larvas de Litopenaeus vannamei, Lepidophthalmus siriboia, Callichirus major, Petrolisthes armatus, Sesarma curacaoense e S. rectum. O estômago do protozoea de L. vannamei é muito simples, sem válvula cárdio-pilórica e filtro pilórico rudimentar. Nos misis, o filtro pilórico se torna funcional. No juvenil I surgem calhas e dentes laterais pouco desenvolvidos. Em L. siriboia, os estômagos dos zoeae estão aparentemente despreparados para alimentação. No megalopa e juvenil I o estômago se torna complexo, com moinho gástrico. Nos zoeae de P. armatus, S. curacaoense e S. rectum, os estômagos possuem válvula cárdio-pilórica e filtro pilórico morfologicamente funcionais e nos estágios megalopa e juvenil I o moinho gástrico é complexo. Em C. major, os estômagos dos zoeae se mostram especializados exibindo algumas estruturas rígidas, mas não apresentam moinho gástrico. Esta estrutura surge no megalopa e juvenil I. A partir das características morfológicas presentes em cada estágio larval sugerem-se os seguintes tipos de alimento de acordo com a capacidade de processamento do estômago: gelatinoso (microalgas) para os protozoeae; flexível (náuplios de Artemia e rotíferos) para os zoeae e misis; e flexível e rígido (zooplâncton, poliquetas, moluscos) para megalopa e juvenil I. A organização dos estômagos é comparada entre outros representantes dos Decapoda e a relação entre a morfologia e o hábito alimentar é discutida