BACKGROUND: Contraception is an effective, preference-sensitive intervention that supports quality of life, management of health, and self-determination. Contraception is used by 99% of people assigned female at birth with an average of 3.4 methods used across their lifespan. Providers counsel patients on contraception and patients want to be counselled. Shared decision-making frameworks promote using decision aids (DA) during counseling as best practice. Existing DAs lack transparency in their development methodologies and evaluation results and may not facilitate patient-centered care. AIM: Create a contraception DA and accompanying contraception method information sheets (MIS) that are informed by patients’ values, align with international standards, meet health literacy and accessibility guidelines, and are evaluated by patients and providers to be acceptable, quality, and feasible to use during contraceptive counseling. METHODOLOGY: To create the DA/MIS, (1) literature was reviewed on contraceptive counseling frameworks, DAs, patients’ contraceptive preferences, health literacy, accessibility, user-centered design, and validated patient education material quality measures, (2) results were reviewed from a patient focus group and provider meeting where they defined user requirements, and (3) evidence-based contraceptive information was synthesized. Once created, an exploratory sequential mixed-methods study iteratively refined the DA/MIS after each data collection phase: (1) provider focus groups and survey, (2) patient focus groups and survey, (3) observed patient testing during counseling followed by an interview and survey, (4) expert patient and provider review, and (5) provider field testing in clinic followed by an interview and survey. DA/MIS readability levels were assessed. RESULTS: Quantitatively, the DA/MIS were acceptable, quality, and feasible to use during counseling. Qualitatively, the DA/MIS were preferred to verbal-only counseling and other DA/MIS, centered patients’ preferences, increased knowledge, focused on patient autonomy, challenged bias/coercion, improved counseling satisfaction and quality, offered a novel design, and were appealing, inclusive, and accessible. CONCLUSION: This DA/MIS had positive quantitative and qualitative results, offered a novel design aligned with international standards, and had a transparent, rigorous development process aligned with frameworks and validated tools. Initial results show this DA/MIS can support and improve patient-centered contraceptive counseling. / 2026-08-31T00:00:00Z

A hierarquia do gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos apresenta-se como a melhor opção global em termos ambientais ao prever práticas de redução na fonte e processos de recuperação material e energética anteriores à disposição final. Suas diretrizes foram incorporadas pela Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, redefinindo responsabilidades e estratégias em gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos. Aplicada aos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU), a hierarquia envolve, além do aspecto ambiental, a análise de viabilidade econômica, aspectos sociais, aspectos de saúde pública, a análise de viabilidade técnica e a motivação política, tornando contextual a tomada de decisão para implementação de estratégias nesse sentido. Dessa forma, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a preferência de especialistas por cenários orientados à hierarquia do gerenciamento de RSU em São Carlos/SP utilizando a Metodologia Multicritério de Apoio à Decisão. Inicialmente, foram identificadas, através da revisão da literatura, ações e/ou métodos de tratamento de RSU voltados à hierarquia do gerenciamento de RSU. Posteriormente, foram identificados os critérios de decisão por meio da construção de mapas cognitivos com 6 atores de reconhecida experiência em gerenciamento de RSU no contexto do município. Os mapas cognitivos também restringiram as alternativas de decisão àquelas passíveis de serem empregadas pelo poder público municipal. Com base na avaliação dos mapas, foram selecionados 10 critérios de decisão e construídos 11 cenários (ações potenciais) contemplando as alternativas, compondo o modelo multicritério de apoio à decisão. Os critérios de decisão englobaram aspectos econômicos, ambientais, de saúde pública e sociais. Os cenários foram construídos considerando estratégias de recuperação material (compostagem e reciclagem), recuperação energética (biogás e incineração) e redução na fonte (cobrança de taxas, consumo consciente e incentivo à reutilização). Para avaliação da importância dos critérios utilizou-se a metodologia Delphi, associada ao Analytic Hierarchy Process, envolvendo 18 especialistas que também avaliaram o desempenho dos cenários segundo os objetivos de cada critério. Dentre os critérios, obtiveram as maiores importâncias relativas aqueles relacionados à saúde pública e à recuperação material, sendo os de mais baixa importância relativa os critérios de recuperação energética e de geração de créditos de carbono. O julgamento do modelo multicritério pelos especialistas subsidiou a aplicação dos Métodos Multicritério de Apoio à Decisão Compromise Programming, Cooperative Game Theory, ELECTRE II e PROMETHEE II, disponíveis para apoio à decisão no software MCDA-FEC (UNICAMP). Seus resultados mostraram que os cenários preferidos foram aqueles que conjugaram estratégias de recuperação material e energética, sendo menos preferidos aqueles que previram apenas a incineração, com ou sem recuperação energética. / Waste management hierarchy presents the best global option in environmental terms as it foresees ways of source reduction, material and energy recovery processes, and establishes the final disposition as the last desired option. Its policies were incorporated by the \"Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos\", conditioning resolutions for solid waste management strategies in Brazil. Besides the environmental aspect, applied to municipal solid wastes hierarchy involves evaluation of costs, social impacts, public health criteria, analysis of technical viability and political motivation, contextualizing the decision-maker related to the implementation of strategies in this direction. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate specialists preference for scenarios that were oriented to MSW management hierarchy in Sao Carlos/SP using the Multicriteria Decision Aid methodology. Strategies and/or MSW treatment methods associated with hierarchy\'s policies were initially identified through literature revision. Afterwards, decision criteria were identified through the construction of cognitive maps with 6 experienced people of accepted importance for the MSW management in the city\'s context. Cognitive maps also restricted decision alternatives to those susceptible of being taken by public law in the county. Ten decision criteria were selected and eleven scenarios were constructed based on the alternatives, composing the decision support model for multi-criteria analysis. Decision criteria included economical, environmental, public health and social aspects. Scenarios were composed of material recovery strategies (composting and recycling), energy recovery (biogas and incineration) and source reduction (fee collection, environmental education and reuse incentive). For criteria importance evaluation, Delphi methodology (associated to Analytic Hierarchy Process) was used involving 18 specialists that also evaluated scenarios performance according to each criterion objective. Regarding the criteria, those related to public health and material recovery obtained the highest relative importance, and the lowest relative importance were obtained by criteria of energy recovery and generation of carbon credits. The information obtained by specialists model evaluation supported the application of Multicriteria Decision Aid methods Compromise Programming, Cooperative Game Theory, ELECTRE II and PROMETHEE II, available for decision support in MCDA-FEC software. Its results show that the most preferable scenarios are those conjugate material and energy recovery strategies, and those that use the incineration process are less preferable, with or without energy recovery system.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-09-16T11:56:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marinaldo Oliveira Santos_.pdf: 2682832 bytes, checksum: f39463fc89972fe2230fe980b0b16e05 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-16T11:56:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marinaldo Oliveira Santos_.pdf: 2682832 bytes, checksum: f39463fc89972fe2230fe980b0b16e05 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-18 / UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos / A avaliação de desempenho funcional é uma das principais ferramentas de gestão de pessoas, seus resultados dão subsídios ao gestor para o planejamento de ações e políticas de melhorias, visando metas individuais e organizacionais. O caso selecionado para o estudo é a Avaliação Periódica de Desempenho (APED), regulada pelas normas legais representadas pela Lei n. 1.534 de 29 de dezembro de 2004 e pelo decreto n. 2.551 de 13 de outubro de 2005. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo propor melhorias no modelo atual de avaliação de desempenho dos servidores públicos do estado do Tocantins visando ao aprimoramento do instrumento de medição de desempenho por meio do emprego da abordagem de auxílio multicritério à decisão (AMD). Para alcançar este objetivo, foi adotada uma abordagem que combina os métodos AHP e PROMETHEE II, e ainda suas extensões para decisão em grupo, a abordagem de Agregação Individual de Prioridades (AIP) para o AHP e o PROMETHEE GDSS para o PROMETHEE II. Os resultados obtidos pela pesquisa propiciaram o aprimoramento do instrumento de avaliação atual da APED, por meio da definição de pesos para os avaliadores, competências e fatores de avaliação. Somado a isso, a partir do instrumento aprimorado, foi possível reformular o cálculo da nota final do avaliado empregando uma agregação aditiva. Com esses resultados, espera-se a melhoria efetiva do modelo atual de APED, que possibilitará a apresentação de resultados mais precisos em conformidade com o desempenho real das atividades laborais do funcionário, viabilizando a definição de políticas de qualificação de pessoal, valorizando o servidor público a fim de promover, de forma mais eficiente, os serviços públicos. / Functional performance evaluation is one of the main people management tools, its results give the manager subsidies for the planing of actions and improvement policies in order to achieve individual and organizational goals. The case selected for the study is Avaliação Periódica de Desempenho (APED), regulated by legal norms represented by the Law n. 1,534 of December 29, 2004 and the Decree 2,551 of 13 october, 2005. In this thesis I shall propound improvements to the current model of perfomance evaluation of public employees of Tocantins state in order to improve the perfomance measurement instrument through the use of multi-criteria decision aid - MDA approach. To achieve this goal, I adopted an approach that combines the AHP and PROMETHEE II methods, and also their extensions to group decision, the Aggregation Individual Priorities approach (AIP) for AHP and PROMETHEE GDSS for PROMETHEE II. The results obtained by the research, led me to the improvement of the current evaluation tool (APED), by defining weights for evaluators, skills and evaluation facts. Added to this, from the improved instrument, it was possible to reformulate the calculation of the final grade of evaluated using an additive aggregation. With these results it is expected the improvement of the current model of (APED), which will allow the submission of further accurate results in accordance with actual performance of labor employee activities, allowing the definition of qualification of personnel policies enhancing the public employee to provide more efficiently the public services

Cette thèse représente une étude d'un nouvel indicateur d'aide à la décision pour le problème d'ordonnancement d'ateliers de production sous présence d'incertitudes. Les contributions apportées dans ce travail se situent dans le contexte des groupes d'opérations permutables. Cette approche consiste à proposer une solution d'ordonnancement flexible caractérisant un ensemble fini non-énuméré d'ordonnancements. Un opérateur est ensuite censé sélectionner l'ordonnancement qui répond le mieux aux perturbations survenues dans l'atelier. Nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement à cette phase de sélection et nous mettons l'accent sur l’intérêt de l'humain pour la prise de décision. Dans un premier temps, nous présentons le meilleur des cas; indicateur d'aide à la décision pour le calcul du meilleur ordonnancement caractérisé par l'ordonnancement de groupes. Nous proposons des bornes inférieures pour le calcul des dates de début/fin des opérations. Ces bornes sont ensuite implémentées dans une méthode de séparation et d'évaluation permettant le calculer du meilleur des cas. Grâce à des simulations effectuées sur des instances de job shop de la littérature, nous mettons l'accent sur l'utilité et la performance d'un tel indicateur dans un système d'aide à la décision. Enfin, nous proposons une Interface Homme-Machine (IHM) adaptée à l'ordonnancement de groupes et pilotée par un système d'aide à la décision multicritères. L'implémentation de cette IHM sur un cas d'étude réel a permis de soulever certaines pratiques efficaces pour l'aide à la décision dans le contexte de l'ordonnancement sous incertitudes. / This thesis represents a study of a new decision-aid criterion for manufacturing scheduling under uncertainties. The contributions made in this work relate to the groups of permutable operations context. This approach consists of proposing a flexible scheduling solution characterizing a non-enumerated and finite set of schedules. An operator is then supposed to select the appropriate schedule that best copes with the disturbances occurred on the shop floor. We focus particularly on this selection phase and we emphasize the important of the human for decision making. First, we present the best-case; a decision-aid criterion for computing the best schedule characterized by the groups of permutable operations method. We propose lower bounds for computing the best starting/completion time of operations. These lower bounds are then implemented in a branch and bound procedure in order to compute the best-case. Through to several simulations carried out on literature benchmark instances, we stress the usefulness of such criterion in a decision-aid system. Finally, we propose a Human-Machine-Interface (HMI) adapted to the groups of permutable operations and driven by a multi-criteria decision-aid system. The implementation results of this HMI on a real case study provided some insight about the practice of decision-making and scheduling under uncertainties.

This thesis presents a hybrid decision aid approach for supply networks redesign and planning int the context of multi-site enterprises. This approach is iterative and integrates a mixed integer programming model and a simulation model being at different decisional levels : the mathematical model is a strategic/tactical model and the simulation model is a tactical/operational model. These two models are based on the same modelling of the supply network. First, we describe the elements constituting the decision aid approach. We present two generic mixed integer programming models, multi-product, multi-echelon and multi-period, which search to maximize the profit of the multi-site enterprise. We propose a heuristic approach to solve one of these programs. We describe the developed simulation model. It reproduces the behaviour of the whole supply chain and takes into account the management policies. then, we present the adopted integration methodology. For a problem based on industrial cases, we show that the two models have their role in the decision aid approach and that they contribute both in the search of a good quality network design.

Les principaux enjeux des supply chain d’aujourd’hui concernent l’adaptation à des environnements instables. Demand Driven Material Requirements Planning (DDMRP) est une méthode récente et prometteuse de gestion des flux qui a été conçue pour faire face aux problématiques actuelles. Le travail de recherche réalisé détaille et positionne DDMRP par rapport aux autres méthodes connues de pilotage de flux. Le but de ce travail est de challenger les principales promesses de DDMRP. Pour cela, un plan d’expériences a été réalisé sur un cas d’étude pour évaluer le comportement de MRP II, Kanban et DDMRP face à différentes sources de variabilité. Le dimensionnement des buffers DDMRP est un sujet majeur pour la méthode. Il a été traité sur un cas d’étude avec un travail d’optimisation. Toutes les contributions ont été expérimentées avec l’implémentation de DDMRP sur un cas réel. La thèse permet ainsi de valider certains atouts de DDMRP, tels que l’adaptation du système à différentes formes de variabilités, mais elle permet également de souligner des perspectives majeures de recherche sur ce sujet. / The main Supply Chain current issues concern the adaptation to unstable environments. Demand Driven Material Requirements Planning (DDMRP) is a recent and promising material management method that is designed to tackle these current issues. The research work details and classifies DDMRP compared to the other material management methods known. The goal of this work is to challenge the main DDMRP promises. This is why a design of experiments was realised on a case study in order to assess MRP II, Kanban and DDMRP behaviours with different variability sources. The DDMRP buffer sizing is a major issue. It was dealt with an optimisation work on a case study. All the contributions were experimented with a DDMRP implementation on a real case. The research work enables several DDMRP advantages to be validated, such as the system adjustment to different variability sources, however this work also allows research perspectives to be underlined.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Although not a recent invention, the plastics material are continuously renewed and used in numerous applications with various levels of complexity, ranging from disposable goods to engineering plastics with specific physico-chemical properties. Regarding the production chain of this material, however, it appears that it is extensive and heavily dominated by the large chemical and petrochemical companies, so that the industries of plastics processing, present in the form of a large set small businesses constitute the most notoriously-brittle and more susceptible to the forces of agents upstream and downstream link. Within this framework, the research developed in this dissertation aimed to propose a model for assessing the level of competitiveness of these industries, using both concepts for the multicriteria approach for decision aid. The proposed model was developed based on the most relevant critical success factors identified in the literature, organized as a hierarchical structure, where a performance indicator was constructed for each factor and weighted by a substitution rate. The model was subjected to test in twelve real companies, returning in its evaluation phase an index that represents the competitive performance of each industry evaluated, thus allowing the comparison and discussion of the results. Subsequently, shares of recommendations aiming to simulate possible results to be achieved with the adoption of strategic initiatives, developing an electronic tool for data processing and report generation. At the end, we conclude that it is possible to measure and evaluate the level of competitiveness in plastic processing industries. / Apesar de não ser uma invenção recente, os materiais plásticos se renovam continuamente, sendo utilizados em inúmeras aplicações com os mais variados níveis de complexidade, que vão desde bens descartáveis até plásticos de engenharia com propriedades físico-químicas específicas. No que tange a cadeia produtiva deste material, entretanto, verifica-se que a mesma é extensa e fortemente dominada pelas empresas químicas e petroquímicas de grande porte, de tal maneira que as indústrias de transformação de plásticos, presentes sob a forma de um elevado conjunto de pequenas empresas, constituem-se notoriamente do elo mais frágil e mais suscetível às forças dos agentes a montante e a jusante. Frente a este cenário, a pesquisa desenvolvida nesta dissertação de mestrado teve por objetivo propor uma modelagem para avaliar o nível de competitividade destas indústrias, utilizando-se para tanto os conceitos da abordagem multicritério de apoio à decisão. A modelagem proposta foi desenvolvida com base nos fatores críticos de sucesso mais relevantes identificados na literatura, organizados sob a forma de uma estrutura hierárquica, onde um indicador de desempenho foi construído para cada fator e ponderado por uma taxa de substituição própria. A modelagem foi submetida a teste em doze empresas reais, retornando em sua fase de avaliação um índice que representa o desempenho competitivo de cada indústria avaliada, permitindo-se assim a comparação e discussão dos resultados obtidos. Posteriormente, foram propostas ações de recomendações com o objetivo de simular os resultados possíveis de serem obtidos com a adoção de ações estratégicas, desenvolvendo-se uma ferramenta eletrônica para o processamento de dados e geração de relatórios. Ao término, conclui-se que é possível medir e avaliar o nível de competitividade em indústrias de transformação de plástico.

The photovoltaics is seen internationally regarded as a very promising technology. It is estimated that Brazil currently has a high capacity for solar power generation. Furthermore, from a strategic point of view, Brazil has a number of favorable natural features, such as high levels of insolation and great quality quartz reserves that can generate important competitive advantage for the production of silicon with high purity, photovoltaic cells and modules of high added value. In order to make the generation of Brazilian photovoltaics globally competitive, some government incentives are providing the growth, expansion and modernization of this technology. Despite the favorable environment in which it is the generation of electricity from renewable sources there are still gaps that undermine the competitiveness of plants that generate energy from photovoltaic source, such as the qualifications of labor available, the adequacy of suppliers to their demands and the great need for investment in technology. In this sense, this master thesis aimed to propose a modeling able to measure the level of competitiveness in the generation of photovoltaic energy, based on a bibliographical and documentary research on industry characteristics were raised 41 performance indicators, using for both assumptions regarding the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and elements of the multi-criteria approach to decision support. The proposed survey instrument was applied in two Brazilian solar plants, a research center on renewable energy the European Union and the metal-mechanic sector industry that has a solar system in operation. The test evaluation phase generated an index that represents the competitive performance of each of the participating research companies, Usina Eletrosul had a competitive percentage of 46.80%, the company Tramontina Eletrik 58%, Usina Tauá 74.75 % and 76.64% Cener, allowing a comparative discussion of the results. Later, they were recommendations proposed able to leverage the competitiveness of Usina Eletrosul, involving the simulation of indicators that showed unsatisfactory levels, demonstrating the relevance of modeling to increase the competitiveness of companies generating photovoltaic front power to the scenario at hand. / A energia fotovoltaica é vista internacionalmente como uma tecnologia bastante promissora. O Brasil tem atualmente uma elevada capacidade de geração de energia solar, além disso, do ponto de vista estratégico, possui uma série de características naturais favoráveis, tais como, altos níveis de insolação e grandes reservas de quartzo de qualidade, que podem gerar importante vantagem competitiva para a produção de silício com alto grau de pureza, células e módulos fotovoltaicos de alto valor agregado. Com o objetivo de tornar a geração de energia fotovoltaica brasileira mundialmente competitiva, alguns incentivos do governo estão proporcionando o crescimento, expansão e modernização desta tecnologia. Apesar do ambiente favorável em que se encontra a geração de energia elétrica a partir de fontes renováveis ainda existem lacunas que prejudicam a competitividade de usinas que geram energia a partir da fonte fotovoltaica, como a qualificação da mão-de-obra disponível, as adequações dos fornecedores às suas demandas e a grande necessidade de investimento em tecnologia. Neste sentido, esta dissertação de mestrado teve por objetivo propor uma modelagem capaz de mensurar o nível de competitividade na geração da energia fotovoltaica, fundamentada em uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental sobre as características do setor foram levantados 41 indicadores de desempenho, utilizando-se para tanto os pressupostos referentes aos Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) e elementos da abordagem multicritério de apoio à decisão. O instrumento de pesquisa proposto foi aplicado em duas Usinas Solares brasileiras, um centro de pesquisa em energias renováveis da União Europeia e uma indústria do setor metalmecânico que possui um sistema solar em operação. A fase de avaliação do teste gerou um índice que representa o desempenho competitivo de cada uma das empresas participantes da pesquisa, a Usina da Eletrosul apresentou um percentual competitivo de 46,80%, a empresa Tramontina Eletrik 58%, a Usina Tauá 74,75% e o Cener 76,64%, permitindo uma discussão comparativa dos resultados obtidos. Posteriormente, foram propostas recomendações capazes de alavancar a competitividade da Usina da Eletrosul, envolvendo a simulação de indicadores que apresentaram níveis insatisfatórios, demonstrando-se a relevância da modelagem para elevar a competitividade de empresas geradoras de energia fotovoltaica frente ao cenário em que se apresenta.

This thesis aimed to investigate the relationship between Multicriteria Decision Making methods and decision strategies used by individuals in the selection process in a specific context. Therefore, as a basis we took the fundamental elements of three multiple criteria methods, PROMETHEE MACBETH and AHP, as well as the decision strategies: additive-compensatory, additive difference, elimination by aspects and conjunctive by Todd and Benbasat (1991), which allowed build six categories of analysis of this study: independent evaluations, dependent evaluations, summations, differences, eliminations and temporary choices. Therefore, a laboratory experiment was conducted in a multi-brand car shop so that the individual could perform the task of choosing an second-hand car independently: with the aid of one of Multicriteria Decision Aid (Visual PROMETHEE, M-MACBETH or TransparentChoice) and without the aid of the system, that is, only with the mind of the individual to guide the decision, being used the verbal think aloud protocol. Thus, 61 experimental subjects participated in the survey. The presentation of the results proved the relationship between two, additive difference and elimination by aspect, out of the four strategies proposed decisions by Todd and Benbasat (1991), since these two strategies were identified in the three systems. However, statistical tests showed a significant difference for the decision strategy elimination by aspect for the SADs TransparentChoice and for additive difference for SADs M-MACBETH and TransparentChoice. The two strategies, elimination by aspect and additive difference for individuals who received the aid only of SAD Visual PROMETHEE are similar to multicriteria decision making methods underlying to this system, in this case, PROMETHEE. Furthermore, we observed that there is a difference in the outcome of the decision when the individual used different SADs, M-MACBETH and Visual PROMETHEE, and that the latter facilitated more the process of choosing consumer goods, in this case, second-hand vehicles. In this context, the SADs served to confirm the assessment of characteristics previously made by the individual s cognitive decision-making system. Furthermore, we found that the individual, when solving a complex decision task, makes a number of connections that are not extended to systems. These findings were noticeable through the tactics that emerged during the verbalization process, i.e., indeterminacies concerning other attributes that were not being considered in the task at hand and compensation trade-offs that each experimental subject performed, which are not allowed by systems. These results suggest specific implications and generate new insights in future research. We believe that the objectives of this thesis were achieved, contributing to the academic and decision-making areas, since the results can serve as guidelines for decision making in the organizational context involving consumer goods purchasing decisions. / Esta tese teve como objetivo investigar a relação entre os métodos multicritérios de apoio à decisão e as estratégias de decisão utilizadas pelo indivíduo no processo de escolha em um contexto específico. Para tanto, tomaram-se como base os elementos fundamentais de três métodos multicritérios PROMETHEE, MACBETH e AHP, bem como as estratégias de decisão Compensatória Aditiva, Diferença Aditiva, Eliminação por Aspecto e Conjuntiva de Todd e Benbasat (1991), que permitiram construir as seis categorias de análise deste estudo: avaliações independentes, avaliações dependentes, somatórios, diferenças, eliminações e escolhas temporárias. Assim, foi conduzido um experimento em laboratório em uma loja de comércio de veículos multimarcas de forma que o indivíduo realizasse a tarefa de escolha do veículo usado de modo independente: com o auxílio de um dos Sistemas Multicritério de Apoio à Decisão (Visual PROMETHEE, M-MACBETH ou TransparentChoice) e sem o auxílio do sistema, ou seja, tendo somente a mente do indivíduo como guia da decisão, sendo utilizado o protocolo verbal Think Aloud. Dessa forma, participaram da pesquisa 61 sujeitos experimentais. A apresentação dos resultados comprovou a relação entre duas, Diferença Aditiva e Eliminação por Aspecto, das quatro estratégias de decisão propostas por Todd e Benbasat (1991), uma vez que essas duas estratégias foram identificadas nos três sistemas. Contudo, os testes estatísticos exibiram diferença significativa para a estratégia de decisão Eliminação por Aspecto para o SAD TransparentChoice e para a Diferença Aditiva para os SADs M-MACBETH e TransparentChoice. As duas estratégias de Eliminação por Aspecto e de Diferença Aditiva para os indivíduos que receberam o auxílio somente do SAD Visual PROMETHEE são semelhantes ao método multicritério de apoio à decisão subjacente a esse sistema, nesse caso, o PROMETHEE. Ainda, observou-se que há diferença no resultado da decisão quando o indivíduo utilizou diferentes SADs, o M-MACBETH e o Visual PROMETHEE, e que esse último foi o que mais facilitou o processo de escolha para bens de consumo, nesse caso, veículos usados. Nesse contexto, os SADs serviram para fins de confirmação de avaliações de atributos previamente já realizados pelo sistema cognitivo do decisor. Ademais, constatou-se que o indivíduo, ao resolver uma tarefa de decisão complexa, faz uma série de conexões que não são extensivas aos sistemas. Esses achados foram perceptíveis por meio das táticas que emergiram durante o processo de verbalização, ou seja, indeterminações consoantes a outros atributos que não estavam sendo considerados na tarefa em questão e compensações, trade-offs que cada sujeito experimental realizou, os quais não são permitidos pelos sistemas. Esses resultados sugerem implicações específicas e geração de novos insights em pesquisas futuras. Acredita-se que os objetivos desta tese foram alcançados, contribuindo para a área acadêmica e para área de processo decisório, uma vez que os resultados podem servir de orientações para a tomada de decisão no contexto organizacional envolvendo decisões de compra de bens de consumo.

PROMETHEE II is a widely used outranking method in the field of multi criteria decision aid (MCDA) method. The method outputs a ranking of a considered set of alternatives, based on the computation of net flow scores. <p>In this thesis, aggregating several published journal articles and conference papers, we propose three contributions that relate to the method: 1) Outranking methods are based on the pairwise comparison of all considered alternatives, yielding a quadratic time complexity for evaluating the net flow scores. We propose a method for reducing to a linear time complexity and show that it offers good results; 2) Determining preference parameters, i.e. relative weights for each criterion, is not a trivial task. We propose two complementary approaches to eliciting preferences, based on the aggregation-disaggregation paradigm; 3) The phenomenon of rank reversal, that also affects the PROMETHEE II method, is often considered as problematic in the MCDA community. We formalise the exact conditions for rank reversal to occur with PROMETHEE II when adding or removing one or more alternatives to the original set. These conditions lead to the exact bound of rank reversal, a way to determine the actions that actually provoke rank reversal and two associated metrics that should be useful for concrete applications. / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished