published_or_final_version / Fine Arts / Master / Master of Philosophy

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 201-211).

Thesis (M.Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 201-211) Also available in print.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-64)

I denna uppsats kommer beskrivas hur den naturliga garvsyrehalten som finns i vitekens virke kan användas tillsammans med ammoniak eller järnsalter för att kraftigt förändra ekvirkets kulör, detta genom ammoniakrökning och kemisk betsning. Detta var den metod jag använde mig utav när jag tillverkade min examensmöbel. Hela examensmöbeln tillverkades i ek med en mörkbrun valnötsliknande färgton och detta uppnåddes genom en reaktion mellan ammoniak och ekens garvsyra. Jämförelser mellan denna arbetsmetod och den idag vanligare färgbetsningen tas också upp. Under 1920-talet var kemisk dubbelbetsning det nya sättet att med industriell effektivitet och resultatsäkerhet betsa möbler och inredning. Detta effektivare arbetssätt framkommer endast efter mycket förberedelser och många tester för att kunna vara helt säker på resultatet. Däremot är resultatet eftersträvansvärt i sin kulör och slittålighet, eftersom rökningen dras in djupare i ekvirket än någon annan betsmetod får man en möjlighet att i efterhand slipa, hyvla eller på annat sätt finjustera. I de praktiska testerna som utfördes inför denna uppsats visade sig att om man använder sig av virke från samma träd kommer kulörresultatet även bli detsamma, detta kunde dock variera något mellan olika träd eftersom trädens garvsyrehalt kan variera.

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The term Art Deco is derived from the renowned 1925 exhibition that took place in Paris, France namely L'Exposition des Arts Decoratifs et Industriels Modernes and only came about in 1966. It refers to the style that developed during the 1920's and reached a climax in the 1930's. Art Deco was a modernistic style and part of the Modern Movement. Many transformations, mixtures and ramifications of the style exist. The appearance of the style ranged from the avant garde to the classic. It was a complete and total style that manifested in diverse areas of the material and spiritual culture, for example furniture design, clothing, motor design and especially in architecture. The era between the two World Wars was characterised by a vast technological progress which was put to use in creating Art Deco products. The era was distinguished by new materials and building methods that reflected the modernistic time spirit. The roaring twenties was the age of the emancipated woman, known as the flapper and the age of cocktail parties, jazz and Charleston. It was an exciting era where man attempts to escape the sorrows of the previous world war. Art Deco was the prevailing style in architecture during the 1920's and 1930's. It was the style that was applied in architecture in Europa, Asia, Britain, America, New Zealand, Australia, Africa and particularly in South Africa. The most outstanding feature identifying Art Deco buildings was the emphasised verticality in facades. Further features of Art Deco buildings are the features of horizontality and curved lines and rounded corners which created a streamlined appearance. Ship style elements such as porthole windows and ship rails that showed an influence of expressionism were commonly used in Art Deco architecture. The ziggurat shape or stepped back building masses was used frequently. Geometrical shapes, parapets, flat roofs and the zigzag chevron motive were incorporated in designs. The Art Deco-style manifested in all areas of the South African architecture during the applicable Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za/ years. It embraced public, commercial, residential, entertainment, sport and recreational, ecclesiastical, industrial buildings and monuments. Although South African buildings often were of smaller format, they were fully fledged Art Deco buildings within the context of an international style. South African Art Deco buildings often had their own character due to local building materials such as South African marble and sandstone. South African architecture made its mark on the style of the ornamentation by the usage of local fauna and flora as decorative motifs. A definite manifestation of the Art Deco style occurred in South African architecture as an international style. South African Deco occupies a special place within the international Art Deco style, because of the contribution of the predominant local character. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die term Art Deco is afgelei van die wereldbekende 1925-uitstalling wat in Parys, Frankryk plaasgevind het, naamlik L'Exposition des Arts Decoratifs et Industriels Modernes, en het eers in 1966 in gebruik gekom. Dit verwys na die styl wat gedurende die 1920's ontwikkel het en 'n hoogtepunt in die 1930's bereik het. Art Deco is 'n modemistiese styl en vorm deel van die Modeme Beweging. Daar bestaan vele vervormings, vermengings en vertakkings van die styl. Die gedaantes wat die styl aangeneem het, het van die avant-garde na die klassieke gewissel. Dit was 'n volkome of totale styl wat op diverse terreine van die stoflike en geestelike kultuur tot uiting gekom het, byvoorbeeld in meubelontwerp, kleredrag, motorontwerp en veral ook in die argitektuur. Die tydperk tussen die twee wereldoorloe was tekenend van snelle vooruitgang op tegnologiese gebied, wat aangewend is om Art Deco-produkte te vervaardig. Die era is gekenmerk deur nuwe materiale en boumetodes wat die modemistiese gees van die tyd weerspieel het. Die roaring twenties was die era van die geemansipeerde vrou, bekend as die flapper en die era van skemerpartytjies, jazz en Charleston. Dit was 'n opwindende era waarin die mens van die ellendes van die voorafgaande Wereldoorlog probeer wegkom het. Gedurende die 1920's en 1930's is die Art Deco-styl in argitektuur in Europa, Asie, Brittanje, Amerika, Nieu-Seeland, Australia, Afrika en in die besonder in Suid-Afrika aangewend. Die belangrikste kenmerk waaraan Art Deco-geboue geidentifiseer kan word, is die van beklemtoonde vertikaliteit in fasades. Verskeie kenmerke waaraan Art Decogeboue gekenmerk word is die elemente van horisontaliteit, geronde hoeke en lyne wat 'n vaartbelynde voorkoms skep. Skeepsstyl-elemente soos die van patryspoortvensters en skeepsrelings wat 'n invloed van ekspressionisme toon, was algemeen in Art Decoargitektuur. Die ziggoeratvorm of trapvormige terugplasing van boumassas is vrylik gebruik. Geometriese vorms, borswerings, platdakke en die sigsag chevronmotief is in die meeste Art Deco-ontwerpe geinkorporeer. Die Art Deco-styl het op alle terreine van die Suid-Afrikaanse argitektuur gedurende die toepaslike jare 'n neerslag gevind. Dit sluit openbare, kommersiele, residensiele, vermaaklikheids-, sport en ontspanning, kerklike, industriele geboue en monumente in. Alhoewel Suid-Afrikaanse geboue dikwels 'n kleiner formaat as oorsese geboue aangeneem het, was dit volwaardige Art Deco-geboue binne die konteks van 'n internasionale styl. Plaaslik het die styl wel 'n eie karakter aangeneem, veral weens die gebruik van plaaslike boumateriale soos marmer en sandsteen. Ook wat die omamentele aspek betref, het Suid-Afrikaanse argitektuur sy eie stempel op die styl afgedruk aangesien Suid-Afrikaanse flora en fauna as versieringsmotiewe gebruik is. Daar het 'n definitiewe neerslag van die Art Deco-styl in Suid-Afrikaanse argitektuur plaasgevind, wat dit onbetwisbaar 'n manifestasie van 'n internasionale styl maak. Suid- Vfrikaanse Deco neem 'n besondere plek binne die internasionale Art Deco-styl in, waartoe die besondere plaaslike karakter baie bydra.

published_or_final_version / abstract / Conservation / Master / Master of Science in Conservation

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo, 2007. / Submitted by Debora Freitas de Sousa (deborahera@gmail.com) on 2009-08-25T21:25:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert_Aline Fortes.pdf: 106658666 bytes, checksum: 23faa68083b01f18b2ddc8324f83633d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tania Milca Carvalho Malheiros(tania@bce.unb.br) on 2009-08-26T15:03:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert_Aline Fortes.pdf: 106658666 bytes, checksum: 23faa68083b01f18b2ddc8324f83633d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2009-08-26T15:03:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert_Aline Fortes.pdf: 106658666 bytes, checksum: 23faa68083b01f18b2ddc8324f83633d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08 / Este trabalho tem por objetivo identificar as características da arquitetura Art Deco executada no Sul do Brasil, por meio do estudo de caso da Avenida Farrapos de Porto Alegre. Para tanto, foi estudada a gênese do estilo a partir do contexto histórico europeu, norte-americano e latino-americano. Logo foi demonstrado de que forma o Art Deco foi incorporado na produção arquitetônica brasileira já na década de 1930. Em um terceiro momento, estudamos a arquitetura particular dos pavilhões da Exposição Comemorativa do Centenário Farroupilha em Porto Alegre (de 1935), cuja influência pode ser observada em vários exemplares da arquitetura gaúcha executados a partir de então. A Avenida Farrapos foi caracterizada por meio de seu histórico e da evolução dos Planos Diretores que influenciaram sua implantação e desenvolvimento. Por fim, foi realizada uma análise metodológica da composição das edificações mais representativas do estilo presentes na Avenida, o que nos permite falar de um Art Deco no sul do Brasil. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / This work has the objective to identify the characteristics of the architecture Art Deco performed in the South of Brazil, by means of the case of Avenue Farrapos, Porto Alegre. For so much, it was studied the genesis of the style in latin-america, north-america, europe, like his historical context. Right away, it was shown of that forms the Art Deco was incorporated in the Brazilian architectural output already in the decade of 1930. In a third moment, study the private architecture of the pavilions of the Commemorative Exposition of the Centennial Farroupilha in Porto Alegre (of 1935), whose influence can be observed in the architecture at several gaucho’s buildings that are performed since then. The Avenue Farrapos was characterized by means of his history and of the evolution of the Directors Plannings that influenced its implementation and development. Finally, it was carried out a methodological analysis of the composition of the most representative buildings of the present style in the Avenue, what permits us speak of an Art Deco in the south of Brazil.

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