Modern day oil & gas well costs are driven by drilling performance as time becomes the dominant capital expense source. The ability to lower drilling costs becomes paramount when tight economic margins and high uncertainties/risk exist. Penetration rate decreases drastically in ultra deep formations, and substantial time is spent drilling the deepest section of these wells. Therefore, significant cost savings may be obtained through an improvement in penetration rate in deep formations. This paper shows that in HTHP (High Temperature High Pressure) hard shale/sand environments that PDC (Polycrystalline Diamond Compact) bits paired with water based mud experience 88% improvement in penetration rate than those paired with oil based mud. With this improvement in drilling rate, well costs can be substantially reduced making future ultra-deep hydrocarbon accumulations economically producible. Also observed was a drastic decrease in penetration rate in PDC bits with oil base mud which led to the use of diamond impreg bits, as the water base with PDC still maintained respectable penetration rates. The conventional penetration rate controls are still applicable in this case, but there exists a fundamental difference between the rock/fluid interactions of each mud type. Bit type, operating conditions, formation characteristics, and bit hydraulics are shown to not be the dominant influencing factor of this performance trend. The water base fluids examined have higher filtrate rates than the oil base fluids. However, a consistent data set of increasing filtrate rate corresponding to increasing penetration rate cannot be derived. Therefore filtration characteristics remain as a possible and partial influencing factor behind this data. Future experimental research is needed to confirm or disprove this theory. At this time the actual cause of this behavior is unknown, however the trend has been established showing water base drilling fluids performance versus oil base in the HTHP/hard rock environment.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第22260号 / 理博第4574号 / 新制||理||1657(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科地球惑星科学専攻 / (主査)教授 岩田 知孝, 教授 福田 洋一, 准教授 宮﨑 真一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

The thesis is dealing with drilling deep holes. Theoretical part of thesis is focused on base knowledge of deep drilling. Experimental part deals with testing two different borers, with different cutting conditions and different purchase prize. Drilling was made into 1.2343 ESU material. Conclusion of this work is concept of purchase machinery for deep drilling.

This diploma thesis is focused on the issue of deep drilling of vulcanization molds from various aluminum alloys. The work will describe a brief description of machined materials and tools for deep drilling, including the production of the vulcanization mold itself. Based on experimental measurements, the analysis of data and knowledge gained from deep drilling of aluminum alloys with different silicon contents will be performed. In the end, the individual components of force loads for both machined materials will be compared

The demand for energy from developed and developing economies of the world is driving the search for energy resources to more challenging environments. The exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons now requires the drillbit to hit pay zones from drillships or platforms that are located on water surfaces below which is, possibly, in excess of ten thousand feet of water above the sea bed. From Brazil, to the Gulf of Mexico and the Gulf of Guinea on the western coast of Africa, hitherto unfamiliar, but now common, concepts in the drilling parlance such as ultra-deep drilling (UDD), ultraextended- reach drilling (uERD) and slimhole drilling, are employed to reach and produce reservoirs which a few decades ago would seem technologically impossible to produce. This is expected to exert tremendous demands on the physical and mechanical properties of the drillstring components. Limiting factors for reaching and producing oil and gas resources hidden very deep in the subsurface are both the capacity of the drilling rig to support the weight of the drillstring, which in some instances can be several kilometres long, and the bending, tensile and impact stresses the string has to withstand in well trajectories that are getting both longer and more tortuous. Associated with this increased well depths and complex well trajectories is the prohibitive cost penalty of a failed drillstring. The in-service failure of drillstrings has always been an issue in the industry long before the wells become this deep and complex. The global oil and gas industry estimates the cost of string failure to be in excess of quarter of a billion dollars annually. Researchers are continuously looking for ways to design against string failure and improve the level of confidence in drillstrings. Defect-tolerant design, tooljoint geometry modification and surface coldworking are just a few of the ideas that have gained mileage in this effort. Others that are now in consideration are the use of nonconventional materials such as aluminium and titanium alloys for drillstring components. More novel, still, is the use of a combination of two materials - one ‘softer’ than the other to form a hybrid string of two materials of unequal moduli of elasticity. This is done to make the string lighter, reduce stress concentration factor at the connections and place fatigue resistant materials in areas of high well bore curvature.In this work a computational technique in the form of two-dimensional finite element analysis is used to develop a robust model of a drillstring connection and to analyse the stresses on the model of a threaded connection of standard drillstring tooljoint made from alloy steel. Further comparative analyses were undertaken on models of drillstrings made from a newly developed drillstring material for ultra-deep drilling, the UD-165, aluminium and titanium alloys and, finally, on hybrid drillstrings made from two different materials of unequal moduli of elasticity. The aim is not only to develop and validate a better method of computational drillstring analysis but also to use the model to investigate and suggest areas of optimisation that will benefit industry especially in the areas hybrid strings.

The demand for energy from developed and developing economies of the world is driving the search for energy resources to more challenging environments. The exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons now requires the drillbit to hit pay zones from drillships or platforms that are located on water surfaces below which is, possibly, in excess of ten thousand feet of water above the sea bed. From Brazil, to the Gulf of Mexico and the Gulf of Guinea on the western coast of Africa, hitherto unfamiliar, but now common, concepts in the drilling parlance such as ultra-deep drilling (UDD), ultraextended- reach drilling (uERD) and slimhole drilling, are employed to reach and produce reservoirs which a few decades ago would seem technologically impossible to produce. This is expected to exert tremendous demands on the physical and mechanical properties of the drillstring components. Limiting factors for reaching and producing oil and gas resources hidden very deep in the subsurface are both the capacity of the drilling rig to support the weight of the drillstring, which in some instances can be several kilometres long, and the bending, tensile and impact stresses the string has to withstand in well trajectories that are getting both longer and more tortuous. Associated with this increased well depths and complex well trajectories is the prohibitive cost penalty of a failed drillstring. The in-service failure of drillstrings has always been an issue in the industry long before the wells become this deep and complex. The global oil and gas industry estimates the cost of string failure to be in excess of quarter of a billion dollars annually. Researchers are continuously looking for ways to design against string failure and improve the level of confidence in drillstrings. Defect-tolerant design, tooljoint geometry modification and surface coldworking are just a few of the ideas that have gained mileage in this effort. Others that are now in consideration are the use of nonconventional materials such as aluminium and titanium alloys for drillstring components. More novel, still, is the use of a combination of two materials - one ‘softer’ than the other to form a hybrid string of two materials of unequal moduli of elasticity. This is done to make the string lighter, reduce stress concentration factor at the connections and place fatigue resistant materials in areas of high well bore curvature.In this work a computational technique in the form of two-dimensional finite element analysis is used to develop a robust model of a drillstring connection and to analyse the stresses on the model of a threaded connection of standard drillstring tooljoint made from alloy steel. Further comparative analyses were undertaken on models of drillstrings made from a newly developed drillstring material for ultra-deep drilling, the UD-165, aluminium and titanium alloys and, finally, on hybrid drillstrings made from two different materials of unequal moduli of elasticity. The aim is not only to develop and validate a better method of computational drillstring analysis but also to use the model to investigate and suggest areas of optimisation that will benefit industry especially in the areas hybrid strings.

Diploma thesis deals with problems about deep drilling of aeronautical part made of aluminum alloy EN AW 7075 T7351. This work is focused on the material properties component and current aluminum alloys processing. Further it contains a part delicated to various kinds of technologies of deep drilling, primarily is focused to gun drilling. Describes a tool, technology and conditions in gun drilling of deep holes with focused to analysis of the forces. Then it compares contemporary manufacturing technology of part drilling in cooperation and proposes an innovative technology of manufacturing. This project is accomplished with technical-economical evaluation.

This thesis deals with the influence of changes in cutting parameters and tool geometry on residual stress inside the material. I examine the influence by deep drilling. Changing the cutting parameters concerns the alteration of the tool feed and the pressure of the coolant during the process. The influence of tool geometry is studied by using two different single edge cannon drills. The research was realized in cooperation with Bosch Diesel Ltd. The theoretical part includes a description of the injection system, in which a high-pressure container is contained. The high-pressure container was used to evaluate the influence of the cutting parameters and tool geometry on residual stress. Furthermore, the theoretical part deals with the deep drilling technology used and the theory of residual stresses. The practical part shows the measurement parameters and the corresponding results. In the conclusion of this thesis, a technical-economic evaluation of the measurement is conducted.

Le perçage profond (Lu >= 5 x Øoutil) à l'aide de la technologie BTA (Boring Trepanning Association) intervient lorsqu'on souhaite fabriquer des pièces avec un bon rendement productif associé à une bonne qualité d'usinage. Les industries mécaniques évoluent dans un contexte de concurrence perpétuelle, avec des exigences technico-économiques toujours plus importantes. Cette étude résulte donc de la volonté de plusieurs acteurs industriels (AREVA et CIRTES) et universitaire (LEMTA, Université de Lorraine), de faire progresser la compréhension des mécanismes d'usinage qui régissent ce procédé. Une analyse bibliographique approfondie a révélé que cette technologie propose un champ d'investigation très vaste et relativement peu exploré car difficile à appréhender et à étudier. Le but de ce travail est d'analyser et de modéliser les phénomènes ayant lieu au cours d'une opération de perçage profond. Une analyse de la morphologie des copeaux a permis d'introduire un nouveau paramètre permettant d'évaluer les contraintes mécaniques subies par le matériau usiné. L'approche proposée permet quant elle de définir le torseur des contraintes mécaniques en intégrant la géométrie effective de coupe, et ce pour toutes les surfaces de coupe actives d'une tête de forage BTA. Les principes des modélisations utilisées permettent une application relativement aisée à de nombreux matériaux et à partir de l'identification d'un minimum de paramètres. Des moyens expérimentaux originaux ont permis d'identifier des paramètres ainsi que d'ajuster et d'étudier la validité des modélisations. Les limitations de la loi de comportement utilisée ont été mises en évidences, et des perspectives d'études complémentaires ont donc été proposées.Néanmoins, l'ensemble des résultats issus de cette étude ouvrent, modestement, des perspectives intéressantes, notamment dans le domaine d'aide aux choix des paramètres de coupe optimaux, et pour l'aide à la compréhension des phénomènes physiques de la coupe / Deep drilling (Drilling distance >= 5 x Øtool) with BTA system (Boring Trepanning Association) occurs when you produce parts with good productive performance combined with good machining quality. Mechanical industries operate in a context of constant competition, with ever greater technical and economic requirements. This study illustrates the desire of many industrial players (AREVA and CIRTES) and university (LEMTA, Université de Lorraine), to advance in the understanding of machining mechanisms that govern this process. A literature review revealed that this technology offers a vast and relatively unexplored field of investigation and study. The aim of this study is to analyze and modelling the phenomena which occurring in a deep drilling operation. An analysis of the morphology of the chips has introduced a new parameter for assessing the mechanical stresses suffered by the material being machined . The proposed approach allows to define the mechanical stress torsor by integrating the real cutting geometry, for all cut surfaces of active drilling head BTA. The principles of modeling used allow a relatively easy application to many materials and from the identification of a minimum parameters. Original experimental methods have allowed the identification of parameters and adjust and examine the validity of modeling. The limitations of the law of behavior have been used in evidence, and the prospects for further studies have been proposed. Nevertheless, all the results of this study open, modestly, interesting perspectives, especially in the field of helping for the choice of optimum cutting parameters, and help in the understanding of the physical phenomena of the cut

The diploma thesis processes project documentation for the construction of a hotel building with a restaurant facility, which is situated on the outskirts of the western undeveloped part of the regional town Jihlava. The building has three floors and is covered by flat roofs. The hotel meets the conditions of a four-star (****) economic standard. It is designed with 24 accommodation units with a capacity of total 52 persons (4 persons with reduced mobility on the 3rd floor) and restaurant service for 92 guests, social facilities and kitchens. The apartments and guest rooms are located on the 2nd and 3rd floor. On the ground floor there is a representative space of the hotel composed of the entrance hall with reception , space for hotel management, space for technical facilities of the building and restaurant with its own kitchen. The building meets the requirements for zero-energy buildings with a combination of a high-quality construction solution with thermal insulation of building and other technological solutions such as photovoltaic power plants or deep boreholes for stepping pump heating The overall character of the building is emphasized by its architectural design in the light of modern lining of the ventilated facade using cement-fiber boards, whose two-color articulation emphasizes both simplicity and shape function of the building. This solution is combined with large glazed areas that give the building a feeling of spaciousness and evocative cleanliness.