A dissertação compreendeu dois estudos sobre jovens dos 16 aos 25 anos em situação de reclusão em Maputo, Moçambique. O Estudo 1 foi documental e descreveu as características biossociodemográficas dos jovens. O Estudo 2 integrou seis participantes e investigou as motivações do comportamento infractor e as perspectivas após o cumprimento da pena. No Estudo 1 foram analisadas informações de 172 “Certidões de Sentença e Liquidação da Pena” arquivadas entre 2009 a 2011 em três penitenciárias. Usou-se o delineamento quantitativo, com base em estatísticas descritivas e testes estatísticos. Constatou-se que maior parte dos jovens era do sexo masculino. Os jovens praticaram em grande escala crimes contra a propriedade, com destaque para os homens. A prevalência de mulheres verificou-se nos crimes contra a integridade física e a saúde das pessoas. Registou-se um aumento do número de jovens condenados à medida que se progredia nas faixas etárias. Parte significativa dos jovens cumpriu penas correccionais, era condenada pela primeira vez, não tinha ocupação ou trabalhava no sector informal, e provinha dos bairros suburbanos da cidade de Maputo. O Estudo 2 foi qualitativo e analisou o conteúdo das entrevistas de seis jovens reclusos. Destes, quatro eram do sexo masculino e duas do sexo feminino. Os resultados indicaram que o cometimento dos crimes esteve relacionado à satisfação de necessidades básicas de sobrevivência no contexto das limitações socioeconómicas e afectivas vividas no momento. Os jovens mostraram interesse em reintegrarem-se à sociedade e desenvolverem projectos pessoais. Estes resultados sugerem a necessidade de implementação de programas estruturados de acompanhamento psicossocial no período posterior ao cumprimento da pena. / The dissertation consisted of two studies on youth 16 to 25 years in reclusion situation in Maputo, Mozambique.The Study 1 was documentary and described the biosociodemographic characteristics of these youth. In the Study 2 participated six youth and it was investigated the reasons for their delinquent behavior and their prospects after serving the sentence. In the Study 1 were analyzed information from 172 "Certificates of Award and Liquidation of Penalty" filed between 2009 to 2011 in three prisons. It was utilized the quantitative design, based on descriptive statistics and statistical tests. It was found that most youth were male. The crimes against property were committed in large scale, especially by male. The prevalence of women was found in crimes against physical integrity and health of people. It was observed that the number of youth offenders increased as they progressed in the age. Furthermore, significant proportion of youth fulfilled correctional sentences, were convicted for the first time, had no occupation or worked in the informal sector, and came from the suburban neighborhoods of Maputo. The Study 2 was qualitative and analyzed the content of the interviews of six incarcerated youth. Of these, four were male and two female. The results indicated that the committing of the crimes was related to meeting basic survival needs in the context of socioeconomic and emotional limitations experienced in the moment . The youths showed an interest in reintegrate into society and to develop personal projects. These results suggest the need for implementation of structured psychosocial programs for those people after release from prison.

A dissertação compreendeu dois estudos sobre jovens dos 16 aos 25 anos em situação de reclusão em Maputo, Moçambique. O Estudo 1 foi documental e descreveu as características biossociodemográficas dos jovens. O Estudo 2 integrou seis participantes e investigou as motivações do comportamento infractor e as perspectivas após o cumprimento da pena. No Estudo 1 foram analisadas informações de 172 “Certidões de Sentença e Liquidação da Pena” arquivadas entre 2009 a 2011 em três penitenciárias. Usou-se o delineamento quantitativo, com base em estatísticas descritivas e testes estatísticos. Constatou-se que maior parte dos jovens era do sexo masculino. Os jovens praticaram em grande escala crimes contra a propriedade, com destaque para os homens. A prevalência de mulheres verificou-se nos crimes contra a integridade física e a saúde das pessoas. Registou-se um aumento do número de jovens condenados à medida que se progredia nas faixas etárias. Parte significativa dos jovens cumpriu penas correccionais, era condenada pela primeira vez, não tinha ocupação ou trabalhava no sector informal, e provinha dos bairros suburbanos da cidade de Maputo. O Estudo 2 foi qualitativo e analisou o conteúdo das entrevistas de seis jovens reclusos. Destes, quatro eram do sexo masculino e duas do sexo feminino. Os resultados indicaram que o cometimento dos crimes esteve relacionado à satisfação de necessidades básicas de sobrevivência no contexto das limitações socioeconómicas e afectivas vividas no momento. Os jovens mostraram interesse em reintegrarem-se à sociedade e desenvolverem projectos pessoais. Estes resultados sugerem a necessidade de implementação de programas estruturados de acompanhamento psicossocial no período posterior ao cumprimento da pena. / The dissertation consisted of two studies on youth 16 to 25 years in reclusion situation in Maputo, Mozambique.The Study 1 was documentary and described the biosociodemographic characteristics of these youth. In the Study 2 participated six youth and it was investigated the reasons for their delinquent behavior and their prospects after serving the sentence. In the Study 1 were analyzed information from 172 "Certificates of Award and Liquidation of Penalty" filed between 2009 to 2011 in three prisons. It was utilized the quantitative design, based on descriptive statistics and statistical tests. It was found that most youth were male. The crimes against property were committed in large scale, especially by male. The prevalence of women was found in crimes against physical integrity and health of people. It was observed that the number of youth offenders increased as they progressed in the age. Furthermore, significant proportion of youth fulfilled correctional sentences, were convicted for the first time, had no occupation or worked in the informal sector, and came from the suburban neighborhoods of Maputo. The Study 2 was qualitative and analyzed the content of the interviews of six incarcerated youth. Of these, four were male and two female. The results indicated that the committing of the crimes was related to meeting basic survival needs in the context of socioeconomic and emotional limitations experienced in the moment . The youths showed an interest in reintegrate into society and to develop personal projects. These results suggest the need for implementation of structured psychosocial programs for those people after release from prison.

Adolescent delinquent behavior accounts for many problems in society and is affected by numerous factors. Factors examined by the current study include parenting, peer influences, religious influences, ethnicity, and gender. Participants consisted of 438 students (males = 176, females = 262) enrolled at Mississippi State University. Participants were Caucasian (71.9%), African American (23.1%), Hispanic (2.1%), Asian (1.1%), and other (1.6%) ethnicities. Delinquent behavior was correlated positively with permissive parenting and negatively with parental warmth and authoritative parenting. Delinquent behavior was correlated negatively with peer trust, communication, and positively with friends’ delinquent behavior. Additionally, intrinsic religiosity and strength of religious faith were correlated negatively with delinquent behavior. With all factors examined simultaneously in a regression, friends’ delinquent behavior was the strongest predictor and maternal permissive parenting remained significant. These results suggest more attention should be given to the dynamics of the transmission of delinquent behavior within a youth’s group of friends.

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This Diploma Thesis deals with crime prevention, especially with psychological aspects of this interdisciplinary field. The content of this work is divided in two main sections, theoretical and research section. The theoretical section introduces basic concepts of crime prevention, criminogenic theory and the most important psychological aspects of criminality. The research section monitors 18 selected psychological criminogenic factors that are evaluated by respondents from the professional community according to the importance for the development of delinquent behavior and according to the possibility of their elimination by psychological instruments. Recommendations of psychological interventions suitable for the elimination of criminogenic factors and a personal experience in this field are attached by research respondents too. Summary of findings provides background for the use of psychological interventions in crime prevention practice.

Kaip teigiama Statistikos departamento prie Lietuvos Respublikos Vyriausybės, Lietuvoje įkalinimo bausmę, pataisos namuose, atlieka 8000, už įvairius nusikaltimus nuteistų asmenų1. Toks pats, arba labai artimas tam skaičius buvo ir 2009 metais. Pasak, Euro stato2, kriminalinės statistikos duomenų bazės suvestinės sudaro 230 nuteistųjų, 100000 Lietuvos gyventojų. To paties šaltinio teigimu, pagal šį skaičių, Lietuva patenka į pirmą, didžiausią kalinių skaičių turinčių valstybių dešimtuką. Lietuvoje, kaip ir daugumoje postsovietinių šalių, laisvės atėmimas yra dažniausiai taikoma bausmė. Įkalinimo laikas yra pakankamai ilgas, per jį asmuo praranda ryšius su šeima, draugais. Jis nebetenka iki įkalinimo bausmės, turėtų profesinių sugebėjimų, o dažnai jų ir visai nėra turėjęs. Ryšių su artimiausia aplinka praradimas, ilgas įkalinimo bausmės laikas apsunkina šių asmenų sėkmingą integraciją, skatina kartotinį nusikalstamumą.Problema: Lietuvoje įkalinimo bausmės laikas yra ilgas. Per įkalinimo laikotarpį žmogus praranda ryšius su šeima, visuomene, praranda iki įkalinimo turėtus darbinius įgūdžius.Problema: Lietuvoje įkalinimo bausmės laikas yra ilgas. Per įkalinimo laikotarpį žmogus praranda ryšius su šeima, visuomene, praranda iki įkalinimo turėtus darbinius įgūdžius.Nagrinėjama tema yra aktuali visuomenei, kadangi pilniausiai atspindi nusikalstamumo fenomeną. Žmogus, gyvenantis visuomenėje dažniausiai dėl nepalankių aplinkybių šeimoje, artimiausioje aplinkoje, nepakankamai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / 1. During the investigation a hypothesis has been confirmed that the repeated criminality of the persons who served imprisonment sentence is connected with the duration of the sentence and the demerit of the successful resocialiasation process of the persons who are punished with the imprisonment sentences. 2. When reviewing scientific literature it has become clear that the state defines the direction of its activity in the following way: it expresses its will through the nation’s legally selected representatives and also seeks to defend the mankind from criminal actions. This is called politics. The population defence is carried out through criminal and sentence prosecution policies. Both of them form social politics. Criminal policy defines criminal actions. Sentence prosecution policy deals with the state Criminal policy but it is being realized in the sentence prosecution and commitment sphere. The aim of these policies is population defence. The state Sentence prosecution policy being carried out through the branch of Penitentiary law is called sentence prosecution or penitentiary law. Penitentiary law deals with social relationships which appear when prosecuting or serving the sentences. As it is obvious from the sources of penitentiary law, the aim of this sentence is not only to put the criminal into prison or to restore legitimacy but also to influence him not to commit crimes in the future. Penitentiary law fulfills its function only in connection with other... [to full text]

Background: Exposure to greater Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) has been associated with increased likelihood of general and sex offending behaviors. However, few studies consider both the impact of varied ACE exposures and other early experiences on pathways to offending behaviors in adolescents who have engaged in sexually abusive behaviors. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of ACEs and sexual boundary problems within the home on the development of delinquent and sexually abusive behavior. Participants & setting: Data were collected from archival records of male adolescents (N = 285) who had received treatment for sexually abusive behavior at a youth facility. Methods: This study investigated the effects of individual adverse experiences on delinquent nonsexual and sexually abusive behaviors through structural equation modeling. Results: Structural equation modeling revealed a three-factor model for ACEs. Direction and significance of paths between ACEs and the onset, persistence, and nature of maladaptive behaviors differed. Household dysfunction was related to an earlier onset (β = 1.19, p = 0.013) and more persistent nonsexual delinquent offending (β = 1.05, p = 0.048) and contact sexual offending (β = 1.19, p = 0.010). Conversely, sexual abuse and exposure to sexual boundary problems were associated with an earlier onset of sexually abusive behavior (β = −1.08, p = 0.038) as well as indicators of adolescent-onset (β = −1.30, p = 0.002), less persistent (β = −1.53, p = 0.001), and nonviolent (β = −1.89, p = 0.001) delinquency. Conclusions: Findings suggest variations in ACE exposures differentially influence the onset, severity, and persistence of delinquent and sexually abusive behaviors among these youths.

The Thesis "Media and their impact on delinquent behaviour of children and youth" studies possible effects of media on children and youth who have committed an offence. The influence of media on modern societies is substantial and still increasing, which is why its affect on a human is being more and more discussed. The influence of media on children and youth seems to be particularly important. High degree of influence by external factors, including that of media belongs to the basic factors of delinquent behaviour among children and youth. This is why the Thesis tries to link these two specific areas laying in the focus of professionals as well as general public. The theoretical part first deals with the basic terms related to the influence of media on delinquent behaviour among children and youth. It also describes development and functions of media, the basic attributes of media content and media influence. There is also an insight into the legislation and authorities dealing with media activity as well as the media educational conception. The author then analyses delinquency of children and youth including the activities of a custodian. The aim of the work was to gain more detailed information on the possible impact of media on delinquent behaviour of children and youth, which is why qualitative research was chosen. Questioning methods implemented by the technique of semi-standardized interviews was used for data collection in May and June 2010. The research sample consisted of two groups of respondents. The first group consisted of seven children and young people registered by a social office and the other one of five professionals working with young people who committed offences. A case report supporting the issues in question was moreover prepared from documents conducted by a custodian. The qualitative research showed that the direct influence of media on delinquent behaviour of youth seems to be questionable, but the image shown in media might support delinquent behaviour in persons with higher risk of such behaviour. The Thesis should particularly contribute to accessibility or also extension of the information on the possible influence of media on individuals or the society as a whole in relation to young people who have committed an offence. The research results may also serve as a base for further wider research.

This paper deals with the impact of prematurely canceled foster care on a deve-lopment of a child. It gives an overview of the system of care of endangered children in the Czech Republic. It also presents the current legislation which is the basis of the surrogate family care in the Czech Republic. In 2013, an amendment of the Social and Legal Protection of Children law came into force, which the legislators built up on the experi-ence with professional foster care in Slovakia. Its goal is to reduce the number of chil-dren in children's institutions. The paper further includes a thorough analysis of develo-pmental needs of a child. Foster parents have to accept the fact, that they decided to take in a child with an unfulfilled attachment bond. Premature cancellation of foster care can bear witness to the fact that a foster family cannot create an attachment bond to the child and does not provide a sufficient amount of support for its development. The pa-per takes into consideration the dangers the juveniles are challenged with as a result of an unsuccessful foster care. Based on the interviews with many directors of children's homes in the South Bohemian region, negative impact of the canceled foster care on children has been noted. New questions suitable for further research in this region have emerged out of the interviews. Host care is one of the possibilities to provide children with a family educational model in children's home. The directors agree that it is the first-rate personality of a foster parent that is crucial for a first-rate foster care, i.e. a foster parent who can open her- or himself to the child and grant him or her his or her own family affectionate environment. The problem of unsuccessful foster care can be minimized only by genuine acceptance of a child and unconditional love for him or her.