This thesis deals with identification of the wine yeasts by applying the PCR-RFLP method. The identification and characteristic of the yeasts has gone through substantial changes in recent years. There have been introduced new methods of taxonomic classifying based on the molecular methods, which are oriented to easy and fast identification. One of these methods is the PCR-RFLP method. The amplification of the 5•8S-ITS rDNA sequence by the polymerase chain reaction with use of the primers ITS1 and ITS4 leads to the amplification of the specific sequence of DNA. Such multiplied DNA is after repurifying by the ethanol and drying submitted to the restriction analysis. With use of the restriction endonuklases DNA is chopped into the specific segments typical for the particular genus. The chopped fragments can be separated in the electric field in the agarose gel and subsequently evaluated. In this thesis together 63 type yeasts were used. These yeasts were analysed by applying of the seven restriction endonuklases – HaeIII, HhaI, HinfI, HpaII, TaqI, AluI a MseI. The final image of type yeasts splitting was compared to the results of splitting of already identified wine yeasts and these yeasts were subsequently taxonomically classified. Evaluation of genetic similarity was conducted by program BioNumerics and as the results the dendrograms that were created with use of Jaccard‘s coefficients are obtained.

Since the 60´s a group of searchers in front of same aspects as: geographic growing, food production, etc, looking for analyze the future situation of the man kind in related to Environment. In this aspect, in consequence of the environmental worry there is the Conference in Rio de Janeiro named Rio 92, with main subject the approval of 21st agenda, whose main objective is to stimulate the environmental conservation and preservation. In this context, the state of Paraná became the first in the creation and implementation of Ecological ICMS, an economic instrument that has as main functions: the compensatory function and stimulating function. This way, foundated in the Federal and State Constitution, in the study executed about the Sergipe´s ICMS and through the stimulating function, the present work has as objectives: the implementation and establishing of the Ecological ICMS in the semi-arid region in the Sergipe state. This way, we will search for identify groups of towns that present similitude and still establish tendency functions through the years in the resort available in the piece ICMS. / A partir da década de 60 um grupo de pesquisadores diante de aspectos como: crescimento geográfico, produção de alimentos, dentre outros, procura analisar a situação futura do homem em relação ao Meio Ambiente. Nesse aspecto, como reflexo dessa preocupação com o meio ambiente acontece a Conferência no Rio de Janeiro intitulada Rio 92, tendo como ponto principal à aprovação da Agenda XXI, cujo principal objetivo é incentivar a conservação e preservação ambiental. Nesse contexto, o Estado do Paraná torna-se precursor na criação e implementação do ICMS Ecológico, instrumento econômico que possui como principais funções: a função compensatória e a função incentivadora. Nesse sentido, embasado nas Constituições Federal e Estadual, no estudo realizado sobre o ICMS de Sergipe e através da função incentivadora, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal propor o ICMS Ecológico como uma política de gestão ambiental que possa vir a ser implantado e implementado na região do Semi-Árido. Dessa forma, buscou-se identificar grupos de municípios que apresentem similitude, e ainda estabelecer funções de tendência ao longo dos anos da disponibilidade de recursos através da cota-parte do ICMS.