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O objetivo deste estudo longitudinal prospectivo foi desenvolver um curso de extensão usando recursos da educação a distância (EAD) e avaliar seu potencial no desenvolvimento das competências necessárias para a execução do Tratamento Restaurado Atraumático (ART) nos cirurgiões-dentistas. O curso aborda filosofia e técnica do ART utilizando diferentes recursos como computação gráfica em três dimensões, filmagens clínicas, imagens de fotografias e radiografias intrabucais e entrevistas com especialistas no assunto. O curso tem aproximadamente 40 minutos e é apresentado em formato de DVD, que em função disso, proporciona alta acessibilidade e baixa interatividade. A amostra consistiu de 68 cirurgiões-dentistas divididos em 2 grupos: Grupo Diadema - 44 profissionais da população de cirurgiõesdentistas da rede pública de Diadema/SP (perda amostral de 38,9%) e Grupo USP- 24 profissionais da rede pública de 7 cidades próximas à São Paulo envolvidos em parceria científica entre as prefeituras e a disciplina de Odontopediatria da FOUSP (perda amostral 7,7%). Inicialmente os cirurgiões-dentistas responderam questionário que abordou conhecimento prévio, credibilidade e interesse na capacitação relativos ao ART. Na seqüência, os participantes foram submetidos ao processo de avaliação que consistiu na aplicação de prova setorizada (setores 1, 2 e 3) em dois momentos distintos: antes e depois dos profissionais terem passado pela capacitação à distância (avaliação inicial e final). A correção das provas foi realizada por 2 pesquisadoras (grau de concordância inter-examinadores CCI=0,970; 95%IC=0,916-0,989 e intraexaminadora CCI=0,991; 95%IC=0,975-0,996). Os 2 grupos apresentavam nível semelhante de conhecimento inicial (teste t de Student p>0,05) e mostraram ganho de conhecimento, após terem sido submetidos ao curso de extensão, para os 3 setores da prova isoladamente e média geral (teste t de student pareado p0,05). No modelo múltiplo de regressão linear, considerando as notas da avaliação inicial, foi observado associação para profissionais acima de 46 anos de idade (= -0,807; p0,01), para os participantes que entendiam o ART como tratamento restaurador definitivo (= 0,581; p0,01) e para os cirurgiões-dentistas com experiência clínica reduzida em ART (= -0,592; p0,05). Quando considerado o desempenho dos cirurgiões-dentistas na avaliação final, houve associação para os profissionais do grupo Diadema (= -0,652; p0,01), para as mulheres (= 0,700; p0,05), para os profissionais acima de 46 anos (= -0,788; p0,05) e para os participantes que consideravam o ART como tratamento restaurador definitivo (= 0,515; p0,05). Concluiu-se que cursos de extensão profissional a distância desenvolvidos adequadamente apresentam potencial para promover, nos cirurgiõesdentistas, as competências necessárias para a correta execução de técnicas odontológicas baseadas em evidências, como por exemplo, o ART. Além disso, adultos jovens, do sexo feminino, que apresentam conhecimento prévio adequado e interesse no aprimoramento tendem a apresentar melhor desempenho frente a esta modalidade de ensino. / The aim of this prospective longitudinal study was to develop an extension course based on distance learning and evaluate its potential in developing necessary skills for Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) implementation. The course teaches philosophy and technique using different resources such as computer graphics in three dimensions, clinical films, photographs and radiographs, and interviews with experts. The course takes approximately 40 minutes and is presented in DVD format providing high availability and low interactivity. The study sample consisted of 68 dentists and was assigned into 2 groups: Diadema Group - 44 professionals from public health system in Diadema / SP (dropout 38.9%) and USP Group - 24 professionals from 7 different cities close to São Paulo involved in a scientific partnership between municipalities and discipline of Pediatric Dentistry from FOUSP (7.7% dropout). Initially the dentists answered a questionnaire focused in baseline knowledge, credibility and interest in receive training in ART. Subsequently, participants underwent an assessment process that consisted of sectorized evaluation (sectors 1, 2 and 3) at two different times: before and after the extension course (baseline and final assessment). The correction of the tests was performed by two researchers (inter-examiner agreement ICC = 0.970, 95% CI = 0.916 to 0.989 and intraexaminer agreement ICC = 0.991, 95% CI = 0.975 to 0.996). The two groups had similar initial knowledge (Student´s t test p> 0.05) and showed knowledge increase, after extension course, for each of three sectors and in the sum (Student\'s paired t test p 0.05). In the multiple linear regression model, considering the grades from initial evaluation, it was observed association for professional over 46 year olds ( = -0.807, p 0.01), for participants that had in mind that ART was a definitive treatment ( = 0.581, p 0.01) and for dentists with reduced clinical experience in ART ( = -0.592, p 0.05). When considering the dentists´ performance in the final evaluation, there was an association for professionals in the Diadema group ( = -0.652, p 0.01), for women ( = 0.700, p 0.05), for professionals over 46 years old ( = -0.788, p 0.05) and for participants who pointed out ART as a definitive restorative treatment ( = 0.515, p 0.05). It was concluded that distance education has the potential to promote the skills to perform correctly evidence based dental techniques, such as ART. Besides that, young adult, female, with appropriate basis knowledge and interest in professional development improve the students´ performances on distance education.

This study is aimed to evaluate service-learning program's impact on senior dental students' attitude to community service at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) School of Dentistry. Experience gained through service-learning in dental school may positively impact dental students' attitude to community service that will eventually lead into providing care to the underserved. Two surveys were administered to 105 senior dental students. For the first survey (post-test), students reported their attitude to community service after the service-learning program completion. For the second survey (pre-test), students reported their attitude prior to the program retrospectively. Seventy six students responded to the post-test and fifty six students responded to the pre-test. A repeated-measure mixed-model analysis indicated that overall there was a change between pre-test and post-test. Scales of connectedness, normative helping behavior, benefits, career benefits, and intention showed a significant pre-test and post-test difference. A relationship between attitude to community service and student characteristics such as age, gender, ethnicity, and volunteer activity was also examined. Only ethnicity showed a significant difference. In conclusion, service-learning program at VCU School of Dentistry has positively impacted senior dental students' attitude to community service.

<p>As a request from our supervisor, the authors were introduced to <em>Company XY</em> which is standing on the verge of becoming a market player. After discussion, the authors came up with the idea of how to enable the first business transaction which became the research of this study.</p><p>The purpose of this dissertation is to explore and explain how a business with no previous business transactions completed could enter a market where the competition, assumedly, are tough due to few competitors fighting for the same customers and enable customers to purchase. To be able to conduct an in-depth analysis, the research is made with a qualitative approach. Due to the amount of previous research the deductive approach is adopted.</p><p>The theoretical review ended up in the creation of the <em>Five Stage Process</em> which contains five stages of how to establish a relationship and in the end enable the first business transaction. To be able to determine the relevance of the process six propositions were created.</p><p>Interviews were made at the dental school of Malmö University and at the dental hygienist school at Kristianstad University. The finding from the empirical study indicates that the theoretical assumption of the <em>Five Stage Process</em> might be a relevant way to describe how a company without any previous business transactions completed and with few market connections enables their first business transaction.</p>

As a request from our supervisor, the authors were introduced to Company XY which is standing on the verge of becoming a market player. After discussion, the authors came up with the idea of how to enable the first business transaction which became the research of this study. The purpose of this dissertation is to explore and explain how a business with no previous business transactions completed could enter a market where the competition, assumedly, are tough due to few competitors fighting for the same customers and enable customers to purchase. To be able to conduct an in-depth analysis, the research is made with a qualitative approach. Due to the amount of previous research the deductive approach is adopted. The theoretical review ended up in the creation of the Five Stage Process which contains five stages of how to establish a relationship and in the end enable the first business transaction. To be able to determine the relevance of the process six propositions were created. Interviews were made at the dental school of Malmö University and at the dental hygienist school at Kristianstad University. The finding from the empirical study indicates that the theoretical assumption of the Five Stage Process might be a relevant way to describe how a company without any previous business transactions completed and with few market connections enables their first business transaction.

Objectives: To examine the effectiveness of systematic search strategy training for the analysis of panoramic images. Methods: 41 students and 33 experienced dentists were recruited from King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia. At baseline, participants analyzed 15 panoramic images, diagnosed whether the images were normal or abnormal, and marked the locations of the abnormalities. One week later, participants in the trained group were shown a training module illustrating a systematic strategy to analyze panoramic images. At post-test, they analyzed 15 new images matched for difficulty with pre-test images. Results: Mixed design ANOVAs revealed that for abnormality detection in the complex part of the panoramic image, trained students improved from baseline but dentists did not. The number of findings over-reported by students and dentists increased after training. Discussion: This study suggests some benefits in the systematic search strategy training for novices. Inclusion of training in normal panoramic features may reduce over-reported findings.

Objectives: To examine the effectiveness of systematic search strategy training for the analysis of panoramic images. Methods: 41 students and 33 experienced dentists were recruited from King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia. At baseline, participants analyzed 15 panoramic images, diagnosed whether the images were normal or abnormal, and marked the locations of the abnormalities. One week later, participants in the trained group were shown a training module illustrating a systematic strategy to analyze panoramic images. At post-test, they analyzed 15 new images matched for difficulty with pre-test images. Results: Mixed design ANOVAs revealed that for abnormality detection in the complex part of the panoramic image, trained students improved from baseline but dentists did not. The number of findings over-reported by students and dentists increased after training. Discussion: This study suggests some benefits in the systematic search strategy training for novices. Inclusion of training in normal panoramic features may reduce over-reported findings.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2005. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-06T23:44:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006 / O estudo buscou articular a interdisciplinaridade com o cenário da educação em saúde, em especial com o da odontologia. A base teórica da pesquisa foi montada em cinco eixos: histórico das mudanças curriculares e das leis educacionais do Brasil; histórico da interdisciplinaridade; conceitos da interdisciplinaridade; interdisciplinaridade em saúde e interdisciplinaridade e currículo. O objetivo da pesquisa foi investigar o enfoque interdisciplinar nas escolas de odontologia no Estado de São Paulo. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e procedeu-se a uma coleta de dados quantitativos e qualitativos com aplicação de questionário e entrevista semi-estruturada. Para análise dos dados adotou-se a análise de conteúdo para as questões abertas do questionário e da entrevista, agrupadas em categorias e para as questões fechadas dos questionários foi feita uma análise quantitativa nas dimensões de freqüência e percentual de respostas. Os dados foram analisados a partir dos seguintes tópicos orientadores: perfil das instituições; perfil dos sujeitos; mudanças curriculares; práticas interdisciplinares e conceitos da interdisciplinaridade. Foram enviados questionários para 39 sujeitos, dos quais 89,7% responderam à pesquisa. Fizeram parte deste estudo 35 faculdades de odontologia do Estado de São Paulo, das quais 25 eram privadas, sete públicas estaduais, duas autarquias municipais e uma era fundação municipal. Identificou-se o perfil dos diretores/coordenadores que, na sua maioria era do sexo masculino, com a média de idade de 50,8 anos e a maioria trabalhava em regime de tempo integral ou de dedicação exclusiva. O tempo de docência era predominantemente acima de dez anos e quase todos coordenadores têm o titulo de doutor. A grande maioria (88,6%) respondeu que ocorreram mudanças curriculares nos últimos anos nas suas Instituições. Os dados mostraram que a maioria dessas mudanças estava diretamente relacionada com as Diretrizes Curriculares para os cursos de graduação em Odontologia. Os sujeitos consideraram a clínica integrada como a principal atividade interdisciplinar. Quase todos entrevistados acreditam que a interdisciplinaridade tem mais pontos positivos que negativos. Sobre as dificuldades da implantação da interdisciplinaridade a maioria disse ter problemas com o corpo docente em relação a sua formação, autoritarismo e desconhecimento sobre abordagens interdisciplinar. Os dados analisados apontaram uma diversidade e dificuldade de conceituação da interdisciplinaridade pelos coordenadores. Conclui-se que a interdisciplinaridade apesar de fundamental na implantação das Diretrizes Curriculares para os cursos de graduação em Odontologia é uma abordagem que está em construção. / The present study aimed to investigate the interdisciplinary approach at Dental Schools of São Paulo State, Brazil, and to discuss the use of interdisciplinarity in dental education experiences. Five cornerstones constituted the theoretical basis of this research: history of curricular changes and educational legislation in Brazil; history of interdisciplinarity; conceptions of interdisciplinarity; interdisciplinarity in health sciences, and interdisciplinarity and curricula. This descriptive study was based on quantitative and qualitative data which were obtained by means of a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. Data from answers to open questions in the questionnaire and from the interviews were analyzed by content analysis and, were grouped into categories; data obtained through the answers to closed questions were quantitatively analyzed by frequency and percentiles. Discussion was guided by five headings: features of the schools; profile of subjects; curricular changes; interdisciplinary practices, and conceptions of interdisciplinarity. 35 Dental Schools, all from São Paulo State, were selected: 25 of them are private institutions; 7 are public, (State iniversities); 2 are public (county) and 1 is a county foundation. Questionnaires were sent to 39 members of Boards of Education of these Schools, and 89.7% of them sent their answers. Profiles revealed that the majority of Board of Education chairmen were males, with mean age of 50,8 years, and most of them worked full-time. Most of them worked as Professors for more than 10 years, and also attained PhDs. According to 88.6% of them, there were curricular changes at their Schools during the last years. Data showed that most of these changes were directly related to the Brazilian Curricular Policy, established for Dental graduation. The subjects considered integrated clinics to be the major interdisciplinar activity. Almost all of the subjects believe that interdisciplinarity has more advantages than disadvantages. Regarding the introduction and establishment of interdisciplinarity, most of the subjects mentioned objections raised by the teachers, because of their graduation, authoritarism, and lack of knowledge on interdisciplinarity. Data also suggested the existence of different conceptions of interdisciplinarity among subjects. Although essential on establishing the Curricular Policy for Dental graduation, Interdisciplinarity is still a resource under construction. / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações