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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Atividade de análogos de inibidores de protease do HIV contra Leishmania spp.

Vasconcelos, Mariela Ferreira de January 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Angelo Silva (asilva@icict.fiocruz.br) on 2016-07-13T18:26:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 71822.pdf: 1728254 bytes, checksum: d921c02c1f05a7463f391f259e73255d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Anderson Silva (avargas@icict.fiocruz.br) on 2016-08-09T17:36:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 71822.pdf: 1728254 bytes, checksum: d921c02c1f05a7463f391f259e73255d (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-09T17:36:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 71822.pdf: 1728254 bytes, checksum: d921c02c1f05a7463f391f259e73255d (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Os medicamentos utilizados no controle da infecção causada por espécies de Leishmania estão associados a alta toxicidade, dificuldade de administração, altos custos e crescente resistência. A procura por novas alternativas de tratamento é, portanto, uma prioridade. Na busca de outros fármacos que possam ser efetivos e menos tóxicos destacam-se os inibidores de protease. As proteases de Leishmania estão envolvidas nos mais diversos mecanismos, tais como virulência e patogênese. Dentro deste contexto, trabalhos mostram a atividade de inibidores de aspártico protease do HIV (IPs-HIV) em patógenos oportunistas, dentre eles Leishmania spp. No presente estudo trabalhamos com moléculas precursoras de síntese dos IPs-HIV, as hidroxietilaminas (HEAs). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade leishmanicida de HEAs e suas implicações na biologia de Leishmania spp. De 23 móleculas submetidas à triagem inicial em promastigotas, 15 prosseguiram nos testes e confirmaram sua atividade sobre amastigotas intracelulares de L. amazonensis, todas com IC50 < 5,0 \F06DM. A avaliação da toxidez in vitro sobre macrófagos peritoneais murinos e células MRC5 demonstrou que as substâncias-teste PMTB1, PMTB4, PMTB11, PLIP2, PLIP19 possuem índice de seletividade superior a 20. As substâncias mais ativas sobre amastigotas foram selecionadas para testes onde diferentes variáveis foram usadas, como: espécies do parasito, razão de infecção, tempo e metodologia de contagem. Os resultados destacaram os compostos PMTB1, PMTB8, PMTB10, PLIP1, PLIP27 e PLIP33, que foram mais ativos para L. amazonensis e L. major considerando as diversas variáveis Além disso, ficou evidente que existe uma diferença significativa no resultado de IC50/IC90 de acordo com a metodologia de contagem. Os testes de inibição da atividade proteolítica de aspártico protease mostraram que as HEAs tem perfis diferentes de inibição, e as com maior capacidade inibitória foram PLIP19, PLIP27, PMTB3, PMTB4, PMTB5, PMTB7, PMTB9 e PMTB10, não guardando correlação direta com a atividade leishmanicida. Ao analisarmos a relação estrutura/atividade das moléculas, percebemos que o grupamento NH2 mantém a atividade leishmanicida. A análise do perfil dos lipídeos neutros mostrou que não houve acúmulo de esteróis metilados na posição 14, que são caracteristíscos da inibição farmacológica da CYP51. No entanto, houve uma alteração na composição dos esteróis, principalmente pela PLIP27, cujo mecanismo necessita ser explorado. A análise in silico demostrou a aderência das moléculas à regra dos cinco (Ro5) de Lipinski, sugerindo que de acordo com parâmetros físico-químicos, elas são boas canditadas à administração oral. Juntos, estes resultados sugerem que as HEAs, principalmente PLIP27 e PMTB10, são moléculas promissoras com amplo espectro de atividade e podem auxiliar no estudo e desenvolvimento de protótipos semelhantes aos IPs-HIV para o tratamento das leishmanioses / Drugs used to control infection caused by Leishmania species are associated with poor therapeutic responses, adverse effects, high toxicity, high costs and resistance. The search for new treatment approaches is a priority. Seeking other effective and less toxic drugs there are the protease inhibitors. Leishmania proteases are involved in many mechanisms, such as virulence and pathogenesis. In this context, studies show the activity of HIV aspartic protease inhibitors (HIV-PIs) in opportunistic pathogens, including Leishmania spp. In this study we worked with hydroxyethylamines (HEAs) used as precursor molecules in the synthesis of HIV-PIs. The objective of the study was to evaluate the leishmanicidal activity of HEAs and their implications in Leishmania biology. From 23 molecules in the initial screening with promastigotes, 15 continued in the tests and confirmed their activity on intracellular amastigotes of L. amazonensis, all of them with IC50 < 5,0 \F06DM. The toxicity assay on murine peritoneal macrophages and MRC5 cells showed that the molecules PMTB1, PMTB4, PMTB11, PLIP2, PLIP19 have selectivity index greater than 20. The most active substances on amastigotes were selected for testing in different methodologies, ranging parasitic species, infection rate, time and counting procedure. The results highlighted PMTB1, PMTB8, PMTB10, PLIP1, PLIP27 and PLIP33 as the most active compounds for L. amazonensis and L. major, considering several variables Furthermore, it was evident that there are significant differences in results of IC50/IC90 according to the counting methodology. Inhibition tests of the proteolytic activity of aspartic protease showed that HEAs have different profiles of inhibition. PLIP19, PLIP27, PMTB03, PMTB04, PMTB05, PMTB07, PMTB09 e PMTB10 were the most potent inhibiting the protease activity, without having a direct correlation with the leishmanicidal activity. Analyzing the relationship structure / activity of molecules, we realize that the group NH2 is important for leishmanicidal activity. Analysis of neutral lipids from promastigotes of L. amazonensis treated with PLIP27 and PMTB10 showed that there was no accumulation of C14-methylated sterols, which are typical of pharmacological inhibition of CYP51. However, other changes in sterol composition induced mainly by PLIP27 were noted, but the mechanism remains to be explored. The in silico analysis demonstrated the adherence of molecules to the rule of five (Ro5) of Lipinski, suggesting that according to physicochemical parameters they are good candidates of oral treatment. Altogether, these results suggest that HEAs, mainly PLIP27 and PMTB10, are promising molecules with broad-spectrum activity, and can be useful in the study and development of prototypes similar to HIV-PI for the treatment of leishmaniasis

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