Veiksmo pavadinimo konstrukcijos – būdingi šiuolaikinių technologijų, mokslo, teisės verslo ir daugelio kitų sričių kalbos bruožai. Šie žodžiai suteikia pavadinimą įvairiems procesams, procedūroms, metodams ir kt., todėl jie plačiai vartojami įvairiuose oficialiuose dokumentuose, ir būtent šie dokumentai dažnai apibūdinami kaip turintys bene daugiausia veiksmų pavadinimų konstrukcijų. Šiais laikais žmonės, kalbantys skirtingomis kalbomis, nuolat turi bendrauti, ir todėl dažnai atsiranda būtinybė versti oficialius dokumentus iš vienos kalbos į kitą. Taigi, pagrindinė keliama hipotezė, kad vertėjai, versdami oficialius dokumentus, vartoja tam tikrus žodžius, kurie apibrėžia skirtingus veiksmus, ir jie verčia šiuos žodžius pasitelkdami pačias produktyviausias priemones, t.y. produktyviausias priesagas anglų ir lietuvių kalbose, tuo tarpu kitas priesagas vartodami labai retai. Šio magistrinio darbo tema – „Veiksmo pavadinimo konstrukcijos dalykinio stiliaus tekstuose” (lyginamoji analizė). Nors praeityje daugelis mokslininkų tyrinėjo veiksmo pavadinimo konstrukcijas tiek anglų, tiek lietuvių kalboje, šios konstrukcijos dar nebuvo nagrinėjamos oficialiuose dokumentuose bei lyginamos tarpusavyje. Magistrinio darbo tikslas – atskleisti būdus, kaip yra sudaromi veiksmų pavadinimai, ir kaip jie yra verčiami anglų ir lietuvių kalbų dalykinio stiliaus tekstuose, atsižvelgiant tiek į jų formą, tiek į prasmę. Šiame darbe buvo apibrėžta veiksmo sąvoka, išskirta derivacinės morfologijos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Action defining words are characteristic features of the modern language style of technology, science, law, business and many other fields. They create an individual subgroup of naming units in the vocabulary inventory. From the point of view of terminological use, action defining words may designate processes, procedures, methods, ways of processing materials and administration acts. Such words are widely used in different formal documents, and, therefore, the texts are characterized as having a great many of action defining words. Nowadays, as different language speakers regularly communicate, formal documents are facing the necessity to be translated from one language to another. Thus, the main hypothesis of the research is suggested by the fact that in formal texts translators use a determined set of words which define actions and consequently their translations often are performed in a particular manner: they use the most productive English and Lithuanian suffixes leaving aside other linguistic means. In other words, translators do not vary and choose the easiest ways how to express the action in the process of translating. Although there are many research studies carried out on the action defining words by the English and Lithuanian linguists, such as Quirk (1972), Holvoet (2006), Keinys (1999), Pakerys (2006), comparative investigations on the issue of the action defining words in English and Lithuanian are not widespread. This Master thesis aims at revealing the means... [to full text]

No domínio da morfologia derivacional, é difícil encontrar padrões de formação de palavras que possam se aplicar a todas as bases que se encaixam em seus contextos de aplicação. Isso equivale a dizer que a produtividade de padrões derivacionais costuma ser limitada. Entre as causas dessa limitação, vemos que formações potenciais são frequentemente bloqueadas por itens lexicais já existentes; em outros casos, elas são suplantadas por expressões formadas por padrões derivacionais concorrentes. Este trabalho dedica-se a explorar tais situações de competição. Iniciamos pelo exame da ideia de produtividade e de como entender as diferenças quantitativas entre padrões rivais quanto a este aspecto. Fazemos, em seguida, uma discussão mais detida da competição morfológica e da noção central de bloqueio, contrapondo às teorias gramaticais de base lexical uma abordagem pragmática deste fenômeno. Por fim, apresentamos o modelo desenvolvido em Albright e Hayes (1999) e em trabalhos posteriores, que explora a ideia de que o grau de confiabilidade do emprego de padrões morfológicos em diferentes contextos fonológicos é um fator determinante da produtividade desses padrões, bem como da competição entre eles. Testamos este modelo utilizando dados dos sufixos -ção e -mento, que se encontram em competição há bastante tempo no português. Estes dados provêm do Dicionário Houaiss 3.0 e de um levantamento de textos de jornais e blogs, coletados com o auxílio de programas computacionais desenvolvivdos para este trabalho. Nossos resultados sugerem que a manutenção da produtividade de -mento ao longo da história, mesmo após -ção ter se tornado o padrão dominante de nominalização, foi escorada pela existência de contextos fonológicos em que -mento atinge um alto grau de confiabilidade. Dada a produtividade da primeira conjugação, foram particularmente importantes os contextos de aplicação de -mento encontrados entre palavras desta classe verbal. Com base nestas generalizações, mostramos como um modelo estatístico é capaz de prever, na maior parte dos casos, a escolha entre estes dois afixos diante de uma nova base verbal. / In the field of derivational morphology, it is hard to find word formation patterns that may be applied to every base satisfying its context of application. This means that the productivity of derivational patterns is often limited. Among the causes of this limitation, we find that potential words are blocked by existing lexical items in many cases; in other cases, they are preempted by expressions formed by rival derivational patterns. This work devotes itself to exploring these instances of competition. We start by exploring the concept of productivity and by investigating how to understand quantitative differences between rival patterns in this respect. We then proceeed to a more detailed discussion of morphological competition and the fundamental notion of blocking, comparing a pragmatic approach to this phenomenon with lexicalist grammatical theories. Finally, we present the model of Albright e Hayes (1999) and later works, which explores the idea that the reliability of morphological patterns in different phonological contexts is a key determinant of the productivity of these patterns and the competition between them. We test this model on data formed by the suffixes -ção and -mento, which have been in competition for a long time in Portuguese. These data come from Dicionário Houaiss 3.0 and from a corpus created from newspapers and blogs with the help of software developed for this research. Our results suggest that the continued productivity of -mento throughout history, even after -ção had become the dominant nominalization pattern in the language, was supported by the existence of phonological contexts in which -mento reaches a high degree of reliability. Given the productivity of the first conjugation, contexts of application of -mento in words of this verbal class have shown to be especially important. We show that a statistical model equipped with these generalizations is able to predict the choice between these affixes in most cases.

No domínio da morfologia derivacional, é difícil encontrar padrões de formação de palavras que possam se aplicar a todas as bases que se encaixam em seus contextos de aplicação. Isso equivale a dizer que a produtividade de padrões derivacionais costuma ser limitada. Entre as causas dessa limitação, vemos que formações potenciais são frequentemente bloqueadas por itens lexicais já existentes; em outros casos, elas são suplantadas por expressões formadas por padrões derivacionais concorrentes. Este trabalho dedica-se a explorar tais situações de competição. Iniciamos pelo exame da ideia de produtividade e de como entender as diferenças quantitativas entre padrões rivais quanto a este aspecto. Fazemos, em seguida, uma discussão mais detida da competição morfológica e da noção central de bloqueio, contrapondo às teorias gramaticais de base lexical uma abordagem pragmática deste fenômeno. Por fim, apresentamos o modelo desenvolvido em Albright e Hayes (1999) e em trabalhos posteriores, que explora a ideia de que o grau de confiabilidade do emprego de padrões morfológicos em diferentes contextos fonológicos é um fator determinante da produtividade desses padrões, bem como da competição entre eles. Testamos este modelo utilizando dados dos sufixos -ção e -mento, que se encontram em competição há bastante tempo no português. Estes dados provêm do Dicionário Houaiss 3.0 e de um levantamento de textos de jornais e blogs, coletados com o auxílio de programas computacionais desenvolvivdos para este trabalho. Nossos resultados sugerem que a manutenção da produtividade de -mento ao longo da história, mesmo após -ção ter se tornado o padrão dominante de nominalização, foi escorada pela existência de contextos fonológicos em que -mento atinge um alto grau de confiabilidade. Dada a produtividade da primeira conjugação, foram particularmente importantes os contextos de aplicação de -mento encontrados entre palavras desta classe verbal. Com base nestas generalizações, mostramos como um modelo estatístico é capaz de prever, na maior parte dos casos, a escolha entre estes dois afixos diante de uma nova base verbal. / In the field of derivational morphology, it is hard to find word formation patterns that may be applied to every base satisfying its context of application. This means that the productivity of derivational patterns is often limited. Among the causes of this limitation, we find that potential words are blocked by existing lexical items in many cases; in other cases, they are preempted by expressions formed by rival derivational patterns. This work devotes itself to exploring these instances of competition. We start by exploring the concept of productivity and by investigating how to understand quantitative differences between rival patterns in this respect. We then proceeed to a more detailed discussion of morphological competition and the fundamental notion of blocking, comparing a pragmatic approach to this phenomenon with lexicalist grammatical theories. Finally, we present the model of Albright e Hayes (1999) and later works, which explores the idea that the reliability of morphological patterns in different phonological contexts is a key determinant of the productivity of these patterns and the competition between them. We test this model on data formed by the suffixes -ção and -mento, which have been in competition for a long time in Portuguese. These data come from Dicionário Houaiss 3.0 and from a corpus created from newspapers and blogs with the help of software developed for this research. Our results suggest that the continued productivity of -mento throughout history, even after -ção had become the dominant nominalization pattern in the language, was supported by the existence of phonological contexts in which -mento reaches a high degree of reliability. Given the productivity of the first conjugation, contexts of application of -mento in words of this verbal class have shown to be especially important. We show that a statistical model equipped with these generalizations is able to predict the choice between these affixes in most cases.

No domínio da morfologia derivacional, é difícil encontrar padrões de formação de palavras que possam se aplicar a todas as bases que se encaixam em seus contextos de aplicação. Isso equivale a dizer que a produtividade de padrões derivacionais costuma ser limitada. Entre as causas dessa limitação, vemos que formações potenciais são frequentemente bloqueadas por itens lexicais já existentes; em outros casos, elas são suplantadas por expressões formadas por padrões derivacionais concorrentes. Este trabalho dedica-se a explorar tais situações de competição. Iniciamos pelo exame da ideia de produtividade e de como entender as diferenças quantitativas entre padrões rivais quanto a este aspecto. Fazemos, em seguida, uma discussão mais detida da competição morfológica e da noção central de bloqueio, contrapondo às teorias gramaticais de base lexical uma abordagem pragmática deste fenômeno. Por fim, apresentamos o modelo desenvolvido em Albright e Hayes (1999) e em trabalhos posteriores, que explora a ideia de que o grau de confiabilidade do emprego de padrões morfológicos em diferentes contextos fonológicos é um fator determinante da produtividade desses padrões, bem como da competição entre eles. Testamos este modelo utilizando dados dos sufixos -ção e -mento, que se encontram em competição há bastante tempo no português. Estes dados provêm do Dicionário Houaiss 3.0 e de um levantamento de textos de jornais e blogs, coletados com o auxílio de programas computacionais desenvolvivdos para este trabalho. Nossos resultados sugerem que a manutenção da produtividade de -mento ao longo da história, mesmo após -ção ter se tornado o padrão dominante de nominalização, foi escorada pela existência de contextos fonológicos em que -mento atinge um alto grau de confiabilidade. Dada a produtividade da primeira conjugação, foram particularmente importantes os contextos de aplicação de -mento encontrados entre palavras desta classe verbal. Com base nestas generalizações, mostramos como um modelo estatístico é capaz de prever, na maior parte dos casos, a escolha entre estes dois afixos diante de uma nova base verbal. / In the field of derivational morphology, it is hard to find word formation patterns that may be applied to every base satisfying its context of application. This means that the productivity of derivational patterns is often limited. Among the causes of this limitation, we find that potential words are blocked by existing lexical items in many cases; in other cases, they are preempted by expressions formed by rival derivational patterns. This work devotes itself to exploring these instances of competition. We start by exploring the concept of productivity and by investigating how to understand quantitative differences between rival patterns in this respect. We then proceeed to a more detailed discussion of morphological competition and the fundamental notion of blocking, comparing a pragmatic approach to this phenomenon with lexicalist grammatical theories. Finally, we present the model of Albright e Hayes (1999) and later works, which explores the idea that the reliability of morphological patterns in different phonological contexts is a key determinant of the productivity of these patterns and the competition between them. We test this model on data formed by the suffixes -ção and -mento, which have been in competition for a long time in Portuguese. These data come from Dicionário Houaiss 3.0 and from a corpus created from newspapers and blogs with the help of software developed for this research. Our results suggest that the continued productivity of -mento throughout history, even after -ção had become the dominant nominalization pattern in the language, was supported by the existence of phonological contexts in which -mento reaches a high degree of reliability. Given the productivity of the first conjugation, contexts of application of -mento in words of this verbal class have shown to be especially important. We show that a statistical model equipped with these generalizations is able to predict the choice between these affixes in most cases.

Spelling ability is not static; rather, as children age, learning how to encode morphophonologically complex words in conventional ways is motivated by the increasingly complex demands imposed by academic experiences with morphologically complex words. Success requires ongoing integration of phonological (P), orthographic (O) and morphological (M) knowledge. However, current research on the development and assessment of spelling has not sufficiently accounted for the way word features and participant characteristics interact with students' POM knowledge in the spelling of derived words. This study used a linear mixed effects regression approach to provide new insights about how both word characteristics and students' linguistic knowledge affected the application of POM from grades 3-7 in the spelling of derived forms. Spelling data (WIAT-II) were taken from a larger longitudinal study focused on reading development (Garcia et. al., 2010). Eleven words from the WIAT-II with derivational morphology (which included one inflected form with a derived homophone possibility) were analyzed first with the Phonological Orthographic Morphological Analysis of Spelling (POMAS; an unconstrained scoring system) in order to identify linguistic feature errors within misspellings. Next, misspellings were quantified with the POMplexity metric to evaluate the individual and combined influences of phonology (P), orthography (O), and morphology (M) to derivational misspellings over time. A linear mixed effects regression approach evaluated the impact of item-level characteristics (derivational frequency and shifts), participant characteristics (rime, spelling choice and morphological awareness task scores), and time (grade level) on POMplexity scores. Results indicated item-level characteristics, participant characteristics and time significantly predicted variation in P, O, M, and total POMplexity scores. Frequency had a significant impact on scores, with high frequency words resulting in lower POMplexity scores than low frequency words and these effects were most obvious in grades 3 and 4. Slope differences between words suggested that low frequency misspellings resolve more rapidly than high frequency words. Derivational shift was shown to have a significant interaction with time for O, M and Total scores, but not P scores. In all cases, the slopes for derived words with no shift improved more quickly than shift categories. Finally, performance on measures on the measures of linguistic skill correlated to improved scores for the related POMplexity code. These results strongly suggest that the developmental course of learning to spell derivations is not a linear accumulation of POM knowledge, but instead is a recursive process with both general and word-specific knowledge affecting how an individual student produces a derivational spelling at any given point in time. Contributions of word characteristics, such as frequency and number/type of derivational shift, suggest that morphemic features challenge encoding; that is, increased complexity taxes the system's ability to represent both sound and meaning orthographically. Educational and clinical implications will be described.

Cette thèse est consacrée à l’étude du suffixe protoroman */-'ur-a/ et, par ce biais, à l’étude de la morphologie dérivationnelle du protoroman. D’une part, nous fournissons un examen approfondi et détaillé des unités lexicales protoromanes présentant le suffixe */-'ur-a/ et, d’autre part, nous offrons une analyse pointue des propriétés phonologiques, morphologiques et sémantiques du suffixe */-'ur-a/. La première partie de ce travail consiste en une brève introduction et en la présentation de la méthodologie dont nous nous sommes servie pour nos recherches : celle de la reconstruction comparée et celle de la reconstruction interne. Ensuite, nous jetons un coup de projecteur sur les deux domaines qui sont particulièrement intéressants dans le cadre de l’étude d’un suffixe protoroman : la reconstruction en domaine roman et la reconstruction morphologique. Cette première partie se conclut par l’explication de notre choix de nomenclature – avec une brève analyse des lexèmes rejetés –, par l’explicitation de nos processus de recherche et par la présentation de la microstructure utilisée pour les articles étymologiques. Dans la deuxième partie de cette thèse figurent les articles étymologiques des 45 étymons protoromans portant le suffixe */-'ur-a/ que nous avons pu reconstruire. Chaque article étymologique est accompagné d’une carte linguistique qui donne une vue globale sur la distribution aréologie de l’étymon en question.Enfin, la troisième partie de notre travail se veut une analyse approfondie et détaillée des propriétés phonologiques, morphologiques et sémantiques du suffixe */-'ur-a/ ainsi qu’une analyse de la variation diasystémique de la protolangue. / This thesis is dedicated to studying the Protoromance suffix */-'ur-a/ and, hence, to studying derivational morphology of Protoromance. On the one hand, we provide an extensive and detailed exam of Protoromance lexical units presenting the suffix */-'ur-a/ and, on the other hand, we produce a thorough analysis of the phonological, morphological and semantic properties of the suffix */-'ur-a/.The first part of this work consists of a short introduction and of the presentation of the methodology that we used in our research : the methodology of compared reconstruction and of internal reconstruction. Then, we focus on the two fields that are particularly interesting in the context of studying a Protoromance suffix : reconstruction in Romance studies and morphological reconstruction. This first part closes up with an explanation of our nomenclature – including a short analysis of the rejected words –, a specification of our research process and a presentation of the microstructure used for our etymological articles.In the second part of our thesis appear the etymological articles of all 45 Protoromance etymons with the suffix */-'ur-a/ that we were able to reconstruct. Each etymological article comes with a linguistic map that provides a global view of the geographical distribution of the concerned etymon.Finally, the third part of our work is a thorough and detailed analysis of the phonological, morphological and semantic properties of the Protoromance suffix */-'ur-a/ and of the diasystemic variation of the Protoromance language.

This study examines seven deverbal nominalizing suffixes through theoretical framework and previous research. They include the morphological aspects, productivity of suffixes, base-driven approach and phonological neutral and nonneutral suffixes. Learners participated in an instrument to account for their competence of verb-noun derivation. The participants presented knowledge of relational, syntactic and relatively distributional morphology. Also, some suffixes are more productive than others and that was shown through the level of accuracy of these suffixes. The suffixes -ing, -er, and (at)-ion are of high accuracy and thus productive. Whereas the suffixes -ment, -ent/-ant, -ence/-ance and -al are less accurate and less productive. The underlying reason behind the productivity and non-productivity of these suffixes is because of the phonological transparency factors. Suffixes that do not cause internal phonological changes in the base presented high accuracy and easily learned, while suffixes that require internal phonological changes posed challenges to learners. The -ment suffix is neutral, no internal change required, however; its accuracy went down in this study.

Submitted by Ana Sant'Ana (ana.mattos@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-14T15:59:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCCO.pdf: 1385152 bytes, checksum: 15f0dc57e43879fc0b861a279a40e1c0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-04T18:46:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCCO.pdf: 1385152 bytes, checksum: 15f0dc57e43879fc0b861a279a40e1c0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-04T18:46:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCCO.pdf: 1385152 bytes, checksum: 15f0dc57e43879fc0b861a279a40e1c0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-04T18:46:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCCO.pdf: 1385152 bytes, checksum: 15f0dc57e43879fc0b861a279a40e1c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Research in Terminology is extremely important for the dissemination of knowledge. This way, more studies with the objective of improving the terminological work are necessary and for this purpose, computer science has become an ally, helping the terminologist in his tasks. A computational tool that improves research in Terminology is the automatic extractor of candidate terms. The more refined and detailed the linguistic information present in these systems is, the more precise the list of candidates provided to the terminologist will be. Focusing on offering information to enrich the database used in these tools, this research carries out a morphological description of the terms of the domain of Plagues and sugarcane diseases and a verification of the most productive processes of word formation. The terms considered in this research were obtained in an end of course project, entitled The terminology of sugarcane plagues, developed in 2013. There are 135 terms which were analyzed according to the classification proposed by Correia and Almeida (2012). From this total: 135 are importation of words, 16 are syntagmatic lexicalizations, 10 are formed by suffixal derivation, only 2 cases of semantic extension, 1 of non-affixal derivation and 1 of morphosyntatic composition. With the proposed morphological description, we expect to enhance the morphological database being elaborated by GETerm, offering, this way, resources for the future implementation of semiautomatic extractors of terms that make use of linguistic knowledge, improving its performance. We also hope to contribute with the advance in morphological studies in Portuguese terminologies. / As pesquisas em Terminologia são de extrema importância para a disseminação do conhecimento. Nesse sentido, é necessário que se façam cada vez mais estudos com o objetivo de aprimorar o trabalho terminológico e, para isso, a informática se tornou uma aliada, auxiliando o terminológo na realização de suas tarefas. Uma ferramenta computacional que aperfeiçoa o trabalho em Terminologia são os extratores automáticos de candidatos a termos. Quanto mais finas e detalhadas forem as informações linguísticas presentes nesses sistemas, maior a precisão da lista de candidatos que eles irão fornecer ao terminológo. Com o objetivo de oferecer informações para enriquecer as bases de dados utilizadas nessas ferramentas, propomos nesta dissertação descrever morfologicamente os termos do domínio das Pragas e doenças da cana-de-açúcar e verificar os processos de formação de palavras mais produtivos. Os termos aqui considerados foram obtidos no Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (TCC), intitulado A terminologia das pragas da cana-de-açúcar, desenvolvido em 2013. São 135 termos que foram analisados segundo a classificação proposta por Correia & Almeida (2012). Desse total: 135 são importação de palavras, 16 são lexicalizações sintagmáticas, 10 são formados por derivação sufixal, apenas dois casos de extensão semântica, um de derivação não afixal e um de composição morfossintática. Com a descrição morfológica aqui realizada, espera-se enriquecer a base de dados morfológicas em elaboração pelo GETerm, oferecendo, assim, subsídios para a futura implementação em extratores semiautomáticos de termos que se utilizam de conhecimento linguístico, de maneira a melhorar o seu desempenho. Também esperamos contribuir para o avanço de estudos morfológicos de terminologias do português.

This dissertation examines multiple exponence (ME) phenomena in the non-inflectional morphology of three languages: Nuu-chah-nulth (Wakashan), Central Yup'ik (Eskimo), and Korean (language isolate or Altaic). These languages exhibit a common property: ME comprised of a non-inflectional suffix and one or more base modifications. The base modifications involve a vowel length change and reduplication in Nuu-chah-nulth, various types of deletion in Central Yup’ik, and vowel shortening in Korean. This dissertation pursues four research questions: (1) what criteria diagnose morphophonological alternations as ME and do the criteria apply to all cases of ME to the same degree? (2) Does derivational ME differ from inflectional ME? (3) Does one exponent play a more significant role in expressing semantic/syntactic information than another? (4) How is derivational ME formally accounted for? In pursuit of these research questions, this study proposes, based on Matthews’s (1972) study, four criteria to distinguish ME from other phonological alternations. Only the two criteria, Non-phonological condition and Consistent co-occurrence are obligatory; two others, Phonological Consistency and No exceptions on base selection, may be violated, suggesting that ME parameters occur along a continuum. This dissertation also proposes derivational classes according to patterns of base modification. Derivational classes play an important role in formulating Word Formation Rules (WFRs), in that they provide the morphological conditions for the structural description of base modification rules. Significantly, semantic/syntactic information is encoded in suffixation, capturing the fact that the large number of meanings that suffixes carry (approximately 500) cannot be mapped onto a limited number of base modifications (ranging from two to fourteen). The evidence that suffixes convey meaning supports the claim that ME requires two different types of WFR, a suffixation rule that conveys semantic/syntactic information, and base modification rules that do not. Also, this study suggests that suffixes are the main exponent of ME because they make the main contribution to the meanings conveyed through ME. This study contributes to a theory of morphology not only in that seemingly distinct processes receive a unified analysis as ME, but also in that the distinct processes are formally accounted for, expanding the WP approach to derivational morphology. / Graduate / 0290 / sung17hwa@gmail.com

xiv, 149 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / Three types of literate words, including abstract nouns (freedom, challenge), mental state verbs (assume, explain), and derivatives (relationship, respectful), were examined in narrative and expository writing in typically developing children and adolescents. It was predicted that older students would use literate words more frequently than younger students, and that literate words would occur more frequently in expository writing than in narrative writing. One hundred and twenty typically developing children and adolescents including forty 5th graders, forty 8th graders, and forty 11th graders wrote one narrative and one expository essay at school. The results showed that genre had a substantial impact on the use of literate words in the writing of school-age children and adolescents. except metalinguistic verbs. Moreover, literate words were used significantly more often in expository than in narrative text, except derived adjectives. Additionally, metalinguistic verbs occurred more often in narrative writing than expository writing; however, the difference was not statistically significant. Age-related increases occurred in the use of abstract nouns, derived nominals, early/late developing metacognitive verbs and late developing metalinguistic verbs in narrative writing. Age-related increases also occurred in the use of derived adjectives, and late developing metacognitive and metalinguistic verbs in expository writing. The present study adds to the knowledge base concerning the development of literate word use in narrative and expository writing in typically developing children and adolescents. / Adviser: Marilyn Nippold