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Relationship Between Unsignalised Intersection Geometry and Accident RatesArndt, Owen Kingsley January 2004 (has links)
The aim of this research is to determine the effect of unsignalised intersection geometry on the rates of the various types of accidents occurring at unsignalised intersections. A literature review has identified that there is little consistency between the results of previous studies. Some studies found that particular parameters had an opposite effect to what was expected. With this in mind, the research identified reasons for these results and developed two basic approaches to mitigate some of the problems with multi-factor type studies. These approaches are 'maximise the efficiency of data collection' and 'develop techniques for analysing less than perfect data'. A database consisting of 206 unsignalised intersection sites from throughout Queensland was used for analysis. The outcome of this research confirms the validity of several of the current design standards for unsignalised intersections, in addition to identifying new engineering procedures.
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A multi-configuration approach to reliability based structural integrity assessment for ultimate strengthKolios, Athanasios 11 1900 (has links)
Structural Reliability treats uncertainties in structural design systematically,
evaluating the levels of safety and serviceability of structures. During the past
decades, it has been established as a valuable design tool for the description of
the performance of structures, and lately stands as a basis in the background of
the most of the modern design standards, aiming to achieve a uniform
behaviour within a class of structures. Several methods have been proposed for
the estimation of structural reliability, both deterministic (FORM and SORM) and
stochastic (Monte Carlo Simulation etc) in nature.
Offshore structures should resist complicated and, in most cases, combined
environmental phenomena of greatly uncertain magnitude (eg. wind, wave,
current, operational loads etc). Failure mechanisms of structural systems and
components are expressed through limit state functions, which distinguish a
failure and a safe region of operation. For a jacket offshore structure, which
comprises of multiple tubular members interconnected in a three dimensional
truss configuration, the limit state function should link the actual load or load
combination acting on it locally, to the response of each structural member. Cont/d.
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A multi-configuration approach to reliability based structural integrity assessment for ultimate strengthKolios, Athanasios Ioannis January 2010 (has links)
Structural Reliability treats uncertainties in structural design systematically, evaluating the levels of safety and serviceability of structures. During the past decades, it has been established as a valuable design tool for the description of the performance of structures, and lately stands as a basis in the background of the most of the modern design standards, aiming to achieve a uniform behaviour within a class of structures. Several methods have been proposed for the estimation of structural reliability, both deterministic (FORM and SORM) and stochastic (Monte Carlo Simulation etc) in nature. Offshore structures should resist complicated and, in most cases, combined environmental phenomena of greatly uncertain magnitude (eg. wind, wave, current, operational loads etc). Failure mechanisms of structural systems and components are expressed through limit state functions, which distinguish a failure and a safe region of operation. For a jacket offshore structure, which comprises of multiple tubular members interconnected in a three dimensional truss configuration, the limit state function should link the actual load or load combination acting on it locally, to the response of each structural member. Cont/d.
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The Finding Aid Container List Optimization Survey: Recommendations for Web UsabilityDawne E. Howard 15 November 2006 (has links)
This paper examines the results of a usability study for finding aids from the Special Collections Research Center at North Carolina State University. In 2005, the Special Collections Research Center reformatted its finding aids so that the container information, typically located on the left-hand side of the document, moved to the right-hand side of the document. The study tested the effectiveness of this change, and determined that traditional finding aids performed better. The analysis of the study’s results is followed by a discussion about Web usability guidelines for online finding aids.
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Information för beslutsunderlag i trafiksituationer inom sjöfarten - hur hanterar vi den?Arnold-Larsen, Kimmo January 2012 (has links)
I detta examensarbete har jag undersökt förmågan hos nautiker att ta fram och tillgodogöra sig information från radar och ARPA för sitt beslutsunderlag i trafiksituationer. Syftet var att få förståelse i om fartygsbefäl haft svårigheter att få fram denna mycket relevanta information. Detta gjordes med hjälp av förstudier i form av intervjuer med erfarna fartygsbefäl. Dessa intervjuer gav kriterier som möjliggjorde analyseringen av 13 olycksfallsrapporter, vilket utgjorde litteraturstudien. Dessa rapporter var författade av engelska Department of Transport, Marine Investigation Branch(MAIB), Statenshaverikommission(SHK) och Sjöfartsverkets rapportserie(SjöfR). Dessutom användes både sjö- och luftfartsrelaterade artiklar för framtagning av fakta. Slutsatserna visade att man i hälften av fallen använt sig av väldigt låg nivå på funktionalitet för sitt beslutsunderlag, men att även i de fall man använt mer avancerad funktionalitet fann man brister i tolkning av informationen för att i tid ta beslut för att undvika olyckor. / This is a study about the Navigating Mariners ability to locate and use information from the Radar and ARPA, before taking important decisions in Trafic Situations. The purpose was to acquire an understanding if there are some difficulties in receiving this important information. This purpose was accomplished by a pre-investigation using two interviews with experienced deck officers. This pre-study produced criterias, that made it possible to compare 13 Accident Reports. These reports were used as a litterature for the investigation. The Department of Transport, Marine Investigation Branch(MAIB), The Swedish Accident Investigation Board(SHK) and The Swedish Maritime Safety Inspectorate(SjöfR) had produced these reports. In addition to these reports, the author used both maritime- and aeronautical based articles in order to find more facts about the issues around the investigation. The findings showed that in half of the investigated accidents the mariners involved had used a low level of functionality before making the final decisions. It was also shown, that the ones that had used a very high level of functionality, before the accident, misinterpreted the information and failed to take the right decision in ample time before the accident.
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Web templates: Unifying the Web presence of California State University San BernardinoGillespie, Angela Marie 01 January 2008 (has links)
The internet is a major communication channel for universities. It makes sense to insure that a Web presence of a university is representative of the university's brand and is consistent throughout all Web sites within the university. This project researches and develops Web design tools that can provice standarized resources to Web designers, specifically for California State University, San Bernardino (CSUSB).
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Impact of Teacher Feedback on the Development of State Issued Scoring Guides for Science Inquiry and Engineering Design Performance AssessmentsFiser, Timothy Paul 23 July 2013 (has links)
In 2010, Oregon Department of Education (ODE) developed a set of rubrics designed to score a state required performance assessment targeting Science Inquiry (SI) and Engineering Design (ED) skills. During the development of the rubrics, ODE invited six panels of teachers to provide feedback on an early draft of the rubrics. This case study analyzed the teachers' feedback and the revisions of the rubrics to identify the types of feedback teachers offered and how ODE used that feedback to develop the rubrics. The results showed the teachers' feedback focused on defining the skills students were asked to demonstrate and distinguishing levels of student performance. There was clear evidence that the teachers' feedback had a substantial impact on the development of the rubrics. These results suggest that teachers can add substantial value during the development of a state issued assessment tool.
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Reliability assessment of structural concrete with special reference to shear resistanceMensah, Kenneth Kwesi 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Structural design standards based on the principles of structural reliability are gaining
worldwide acceptance and are fast becoming the new basis of structural safety verification.
The application of these principles to establish a standardised basis for structural design using
partial factor limit states design procedures is done in the European Standard for the Basis of
Structural Design EN 1990 from which it is adapted to the South African Basis of Design
Standard for Building and Industrial Structures SANS 10160-1. The basis of design
requirements stipulated in EN 1990 and SANS 10160-1 apply to all aspects of structural
design: This includes reliability levels of structural performance and their differentiation and
management; identification of various limit states and design situations; the specification of
all the basic variables; separate treatment of actions and material-based resistance. However,
application of these requirements is then primarily focused on actions whilst the provision for
structural concrete is then left to the materials based design standards.
This two-part thesis describes a systematic assessment of the degree to which the application
of the reliability framework presented in the basis of design requirements has been achieved
in the present generation of structural concrete design standards. More importantly, attempts
are made to identify ways in which the process can be advanced. Special attention is drawn
to issues that are specific to South African conditions and practice in structural concrete.
Part One of the thesis focuses on the key elements of the reliability framework presented in
EN 1990 and traces to what extent the requirements have been propelled through the design
stipulations of the Eurocode Standard for Design of Concrete Structures EN 1992-1-1. The
implications of the different reference level of reliability between the Eurocode default value
of ß = 3.8 and that characteristic of South African practice ß = 3.0 through various issues
are highlighted. The use and advantage of explicit treatment of reliability performance on
reliability management related to some aspects of quality control are explored. A critical
aspect is the shear prediction model providing unconservative estimates of shear resistance.
Part Two of the thesis focuses on characterising the model factor of the EN 1992-1-1 shear
prediction model for members requiring design shear reinforcement. This is done by a
comparison to a compiled experimental database with special focus on situations with high
reinforcement ratios. The significance of the modelling uncertainty in shear prediction is verified by this comparison. The use of the more conceptually rational modified compression
field theory (MCFT) to improve on the quality of shear predictions is investigated and proves
to yield more precise values with lower scatter hence making it a more reliable tool for
predicting shear. The MCFT can then be used as reference for the reliability calibration and
possible improvement for the Eurocode procedure. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Strukturele ontwerpstandaarde gebaseer op die beginsels van strukturele betroubaarheid
verkry wêreldwye aanvaarding en word vinnig die nuwe basis van strukturele veiligheid
bevestiging. Die toepassing van hierdie beginsels om ʼn gestandaardiseerde basis vir
strukturele ontwerp is bevestig deur gebruik te maak van gedeeltelike-faktorbeperkende
stadiums ontwerpprosedures in die Europese Standaard vir die Basis van Strukturele
Ontwerp EN 1990 waarvandaan dit herbewerk is na die Suid-Afrikaanse Basis van Ontwerp
Standaarde vir Bou en Industriële Strukture SANS 10160-1. Die basis van ontwerpvereistes
bepaal in EN 1990 en SANS 10160-1 is van toepassing op alle aspekte van strukturele
ontverp: Dit sluit inbetroubaarheidsvlakke van struktureele prestasie en hul diversifikasie en
bestuur; identifikasie van verskeie beperkende state en ontwerpsituasies; die spesifikasie van
al die basiese veranderlikes; afsonderlike behandeling van aksies en materiaal-gebaseerde
weerstand. Desnieteenstaande, die toepassing van hierdie voorwaardes is dan hoofsaaklik
gefokus op aksies terwyl die voorsiening van strukturele beton is dan gelaat op die materiaalgebaseerde
ontwerpstandaarde.
Hierdie tweeledige verhandeling beskryf ʼn stelselmatige beoordeling van die graad waartoe
die toepassing van die betroubaarheidsraamwerk aangebied word in die basis van
ontwerpvereistes bereik in die huidige generasie van strukturele beton-ontwerp standaarde is.
Meer belangrik, pogings is aangewend om die maniere hoe die proses bevorder kan word te
identifiseer. Spesiale aandag word gevestig op kwessies wat spesifiek op Suid-Afrikaanse
toestande en praktyke in strukturele beton toepaslik is.
Deel Een van die verhandeling fokus op die sleutel-dele van die betroubaarheidsraamwerk
aangebied in EN 1990 en skets die mate waartoe die vereistes aangespoor word deur die
ontwerp voorskrifte van die Eurocode Standard for the Design of Concrete Structures EN
1992-1-1. Die implikasie van die verskillende verwysingsvlakke van betroubaarheid tussen
die Eurocode standaardwaarde van ß = 3.8 en die eienskap van Suid-Afrikaanse praktyk
ß = 3.0 deur verskillende kwessies word uitgelig. Die gebruik en voordeel van spesifieke
behandeling van betroubaarheidsuitvoering op betroubaarheidsbestuur verwantskap met
sekere aspekte van kwaliteit kontrole word ondersoek. ʼn Kritiese aspek is die model vir die
voorspelling van skuif-weerstand wat die onkonserwatiewe beramings vir skuif-weerstand
gee. Deel Twee van die verhandeling fokus op karakterisering die modelfaktor van die EN 1992-
1-1 skuif-weerstand voorspellings-model. Dit word gedoen deur ʼn vergelyking na ʼn
saamgestelde eksperimentele databasis met spesifieke fokus op situasies met hoe
herbevestigingsvergelykings. Die oorheersing van die modellering- onsekerheid in skuifweerstand
voorspelling is bevestig deur hierdie vergelyking. Die gebruik van ʼn meer
konseptuele rasionele gemodifiseerde druk-veld teorie (bekend as MCFT) om die kwaliteit
van skuif voorspelling te verbeter is ondersoek en verskaf ‘n meer presiese waarde met laer
verspreiding wat lei tot ʼn meer betroubaree instrument om skuif mee te voorspel. Die MCFT
word dan gebruik as verwysing vir die betroubaarheid-samestelling en moontlike verbetering
van die Eurocode prosedures.
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Une approche de modélisation au niveau système pour la conception et la vérification de systèmes sur puce à faible consommation / An electronic system level modeling approach for the design and verification of low-power systems-on chipMbarek, Ons 29 May 2013 (has links)
Une solution de gestion de puissance d’un système sur puce peut être définie par une architecture de faible puissance composée de multiples domaines d'alimentation et de leur stratégie de gestion. Si ces deux éléments sont économes en énergie, une solution efficace en énergie peut être obtenue. Cette approche nécessite l’ajout d’éléments structurels de puissance et de leurs comportements. Une stratégie de gestion doit respecter les dépendances structurelles et fonctionnelles dues au placement physique des domaines d'alimentation. Cette relation forte entre l'architecture et sa stratégie de gestion doit être analysée tôt dans le flot de conception pour trouver la solution de gestion de puissance la plus efficace. De récentes normes de conception basse consommation définissent des sémantiques pour la spécification, simulation et vérification d’architecture de faible puissance au niveau transfert de registres (RTL). Mais elles manquent une sémantique d’interface de gestion des domaines d'alimentation réutilisable ce qui alourdit l’exploration. Leurs sémantiques RTL ne sont pas aussi utilisables au niveau transactionnel pour une exploration plus rapide et facile. Pour combler ces lacunes, cette thèse étend ces normes et fournit une étude complète des possibilités d'optimisation de puissance basées sur la composition et la gestion des domaines d'alimentation pour des modèles fonctionnels transactionnels utilisant un environnement commun USLPAF. USLPAF comprend une méthodologie alliant conception et vérification des modèles transactionnels de faible consommation, ainsi qu’une bibliothèque de techniques de modélisation et fonctions prédéfinies pour appliquer cette méthodologie. / A SoC power management solution can be defined by a low-power architecture composed of multiple power domains and a power management strategy for power domains states control. If these two elements are energy-efficient, an energy-efficient solution can be obtained. This approach requires inferring power structural elements and their related behavior in the chip internal logic. A strategy adjusting the power domains states must respect structural and functional dependencies due to the physical power domains composition. This strong relationship between power architecture and its management strategy must be explored at early design stages to find the most energy-efficient solution. Low-power design standards have recently enabled low-power architecture exploration starting from the Register Transfer Level (RTL) by defining semantics to specify power architecture, simulate and check its behavior along with the initial functional one. But, these standards miss semantics for reusable power domain control interface making power management strategies exploration tedious. The RTL-based semantics defined by these standards constrain also their use at Transaction-Level of Modeling (TLM) for fast and easy exploration. This dissertation proposes extensions to low-power standards to fill these gaps. It provides a complete study of power optimization opportunities based on composition and management of power domains in Transaction-Level (TL) functional models within a common USLPAF framework. USLPAF includes a methodology that combines design and verification of TL low-power models. To apply this methodology, USLPAF incorporates a library of modeling techniques and built-in features.
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Development and Implementation of Rotorcraft Preliminary Design Methodology using Multidisciplinary Design OptimizationKhalid, Adeel S. 14 November 2006 (has links)
A formal framework is developed and implemented in this research for preliminary rotorcraft design using IPPD methodology. All the technical aspects of design are considered including the vehicle engineering, dynamic analysis, stability and control, aerodynamic performance, propulsion, transmission design, weight and balance, noise analysis and economic analysis. The design loop starts with a detailed analysis of requirements. A baseline is selected and upgrade targets are identified depending on the mission requirements. An Overall Evaluation Criterion (OEC) is developed that is used to measure the goodness of the design or to compare the design with competitors. The requirements analysis and baseline upgrade targets lead to the initial sizing and performance estimation of the new design. The digital information is then passed to disciplinary experts. This is where the detailed disciplinary analyses are performed. Information is transferred from one discipline to another as the design loop is iterated. To coordinate all the disciplines in the product development cycle, Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) techniques e.g. All At Once (AAO) and Collaborative Optimization (CO) are suggested. The methodology is implemented on a Light Turbine Training Helicopter (LTTH) design. Detailed disciplinary analyses are integrated through a common platform for efficient and centralized transfer of design information from one discipline to another in a collaborative manner. Several disciplinary and system level optimization problems are solved. After all the constraints of a multidisciplinary problem have been satisfied and an optimal design has been obtained, it is compared with the initial baseline, using the earlier developed OEC, to measure the level of improvement achieved. Finally a digital preliminary design is proposed. The proposed design methodology provides an automated design framework, facilitates parallel design by removing disciplinary interdependency, current and updated information is made available to all disciplines at all times of the design through a central collaborative repository, overall design time is reduced and an optimized design is achieved.
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