Graphic arts provide the channel for the reproduction of most brand communications. The reproduction tolerances in the graphic arts industry are based on standards that aim to produce visually acceptable outcomes. To communicate with their target audience brands, use a set of visual cues that may include the definition of a single or combinations of them to represent themselves. The outcomes are often defined entirely by their colour specification without an associating it to target parameters or suitable colour thresholds. This paper researches into the feasibility of defining colour tolerances for brand graphical representations. The National Health Service branding was used as a test case borne out of a need to resolve differences between contracted suppliers of brand graphics. Psychophysical evaluation of colour coded navigation used to facilitate wayfinding in hospitals under the varying illuminances across the estate was found to have a maximum acceptable colour difference threshold of 5ΔE00. The simulation of defined illumination levels in hospitals, between 25-3000 lux, resulted in an acceptable colour tolerance estimation for colour coded navigation of 3.6ΔE00. Using ICC media relative correction an experiment was designed to test the extent to which substrate white points could be corrected for colour differences between brand proofs and reproductions. Branded stationery and publications substrate corrections to achieve visual matches had acceptable colour difference thresholds of 9.5ΔE*ab for solid colours but only 2.5ΔE*ab. Substrate white point corrections on displays were found to be approximately 12ΔE*ab for solids and 5ΔE*ab for tints. Where display media were concerned the use of non-medical grade to view medical images and branded content was determined to be inefficient, unless suitable greyscale functions were employed. A STRESS test was carried out, for TC 1-93 Greyscale Calculation for Self-Luminous Devices, to compare DICOM GSDF with Whittle’s log brightness. Whittle’s function was found to outperform DICOM GSDF. The colour difference formulas used in this research were tested, using near neutral samples 2 judged by observers using estimated magnitude differences. The CIEDE2000 formula was found to outperform CIELAB despite unexpected outcomes when tested using displays. CIELAB was outperformed in ΔL* by CIEDE2000 for displays. Overall it was found that identity branding colour reproduction was mostly suited to graphic arts tolerances however, to address specific communications, approved tolerances reflecting viewing environments would be the most efficient approach. The findings in this research highlights the need for brand visualisation to consider the adoption of a strategy that includes graphic arts approaches. This is the first time that the subject of defining how brands achieve tolerances for their targeted visual communications has been researched.

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Published Article / Until recently solid freeform fabrication (SFF) technology has been used mostly for production of prototype parts. However, as this technology matures, the initiative of utilising it for the manufacture of end-use products is establishing itself. As this tendency to use SFF for actual production runs increases, a demand is developing for sets of process-specific design for manufacture (DFM) guidelines that will assist designers who are designing parts for manufacture by a specific rapid manufacturing (RM) process. The purpose of this paper is to provideRMdesigners with such a series of processspecific design for manufacture guidelines.

This report presents a master’s thesis in Industrial Design Engineering at KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. The project was conducted on behalf of Silva Sweden AB during the spring of 2023, with the goal of modularizing Silva’s current assortment of land compasses. The objectives included reducing the number of components and improving repairability while contributing to Silva’s sustainability framework. Additional objectives were to redesign vital components in order to enable a modular system that is implementable in a circular business model, benefiting both customers and Silva. The methodology of this project included researching, collecting data, mapping, testing and evaluating, ideating, developing, finalizing and communicating. Moreover, the focuses of this project have been the development of baseplates, the compass housing assembly and the mirror attachment. The final design and new compass assortment resulted in a reduction of 40 % of the total components. The most influencing factors for the reduction, besides standardization, were an improved housing assembly and a solution that joins the regular baseplate with a detachable mirror through a snap fit. In relation to the purpose of this project, all objectives are concluded as fulfilled as well as the deliverables which are successfully achieved as well. In conclusion, the result of this project provides a new and modular compass design that minimizes the number of components while contributing to the development of a sustainable compass assortment. / Detta är en masteruppsats inom Teknisk Design vid KTH Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan i Stockholm. Projektet genomfördes under våren 2023 på uppdrag av Silva Sweden AB med målet att modularisera Silvas befintliga sortiment av landkompasser. Syftet med projektet inkluderade minskning av antalet komponenter samt att utöka möjligheten för reparation av kompasser, och således bidra till Silvas pågående hållbarhetsarbete. Lösningen bör även möjliggöra ett modulärt system som ska kunna implementeras i en cirkulär affärsmodell till förmån för både kunder och Silva som företag. Metodiken i detta projekt inkluderade forskning, datainsamling, kartläggning, testning och utvärdering, idégenerering, utveckling, avslutning och kommunikation. Fokus för detta projekt varit att utveckla basplattan, nålhuset och spegelfästet. Den slutliga designen och det nya kompass sortimentet resulterade i en minskning på 40% av det totala antalet komponenter. De mest avgörande faktorerna för minskningen var den modulära lösningen som kombinerade den vanliga basplattan med en avtagbar spegel, samt standardiseringen av komponenter i det nya nålhuset. Utifrån de syften och mål som definierades i projektet så påvisar den slutgiltiga designen att alla dessa är uppfyllda. Sammanfattningsvis visar projektets resultat en ny och modulär kompassdesign som minskar antalet komponenter samtidigt som den bidrar till utvecklingen av ett hållbart kompass sortiment.

This research proposes that traditional typographic knowledge does not sufficiently address the design aspects specific to screen typography such as 3D space, motion, time, sound and interactivity, and that traditional design principles require adaptation and expansion for screen. This practice-­led study presents a broad critical review of the emergent field of screen typography spanning screen media technologies, traditional typographic knowledge and contemporary practice. Its findings contribute a definition of the field of practice including an overview of the history, origins and properties of screen typography, a classification of practice areas, and key practical principles used in related screen-­native disciplines such as film-­making, animation and human computer interaction design. Due to the rapidly changing technological environment of the screen, obsolescence is a key concern for this research and highlights the need for sustainable typographic design methodologies not aligned to specific technology. In this context, and following a literature review of traditional design principles, the work of Emil Ruder (1914-­‐1970), a Swiss modernist typographer was identified as distinguishable in the field and particularly relevant to screen typography because of his holistic design approach underpinned by conceptual principles and systematic practical methods. This thesis provides a detailed analysis of Ruder’s methods set out in his book Typographie: a manual for design (1967) and uses the findings to develop an experimental practice methodology for screen typography. The developed methodology sets out a matrix of the constituent parts of typographic design practice that include: typographic elements, typographic properties, and design principles, which can be combined to create practical exercises in screen typography. The practice matrix was evaluated through peer review, then tested and applied in practice to the design of a series of experimental practical samples and online repository type4screen, and to an iPad app of T.S. Eliot’s 1922 poem, The Waste Land.

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What are ‘educational typefaces’ and why are they needed today? Do Arabic beginners need special typefaces that can simplify learning further? If so, what features should they have? Research findings on the complexity of learning Arabic confirm that the majority of language textbooks and pedagogic materials lead to challenging learning environments due to the poor quality of book design, text-heavy content and the restricted amount of visuals used. The complexity of the data and insufficient design quality of the learning materials reviewed in this practice-based research demand serious thought toward simplification, involving experts in the fields of graphic communication, learning and typeface design. The study offers solutions to some of the problems that arise in the course of designing language-learning books by reviewing selected English learning and information design books and methods of guidance for developing uniform learning material for basic Arabic. Key findings from this study confirm the significant role of Arabic designers and educators in the production of efficient and effective learning materials. Their role involves working closely with Arabic instructors, mastering good language skills and being aware of the knowledge available. Also, selecting legible typefaces with distinct design characteristics to help fulfil various objectives of the learning unit. This study raises awareness of the need for typefaces that can attract people to learn Arabic more easily within a globalized world. The absence of such typefaces led to the exploration of simplified twentieth-century Arabic typefaces that share a similar idea of facilitating reading and writing, and resolving script and language complexity issues. This study traces their historical context and studies their functional, technical and aesthetic features to incorporate their thinking and reassign them as learning tools within the right context. The final outcome is the construction of an experimental bilingual Arabic-English language book series for Arab and non-Arab adult beginners. The learning tools used to create the book series were tested through workshops in Kuwait and London to measure their level of simplification and accessibility. They have confirmed both accessibility and incompatibility within different areas of the learning material of the books and helped improve the final outcome of the practice. The tools have established the significant role of educational typefaces, bilingual and graphic communication within visual Arabic learning.

Kolfiberkompositer är ett av de materialsom utvecklas snabbast just nu. Analogt med att materialet blir billigare och börjar användas i större utsträckning av flygindustrin utvecklas också tillverkningsmetoder för att följa framstegen. Hur material och tillverkningsmetoder sätter krav och påverkar en produkts utformning och prestanda kan vara svårt att definiera. I detta examensarbete har en Design for Manufacturing och Assembly (DFM/A)-metod utvecklats för att under hela produktutvecklingsprocessen kunna ta hänsyn till produktionsaspekter. DFM/Ametoden är framtagen åt Saab Aerostructures med hänsyn till de material som används, deras existerande produktionsprocesser och den produktutvecklingsprocess som finns på företaget. Utifrån litteratur- och fallstudier har en DFM/A-metod som kallas Metod 2015 (M2015) utvecklats. Metoden innehåller en arbetsprocess, konstruktionsriktlinjer samt stödjande DFM/Averktyg. Genom att i hela utvecklingsprocessen ta hänsyn till produktionsaspekter är detta arbetssätt anpassat för att underlätta utveckling av kolfiberkompositkomponenter på Saab. Utöver själva metoden i sig finns allt material som behövs för användning av M2015 sammanställt i en manual som i första hand riktar sig till konstruktören. Genom att skapa en bättre förståelse för produktionsaspekterna hos en konstruktion och tillhandahålla rätt verktyg kan DFM/A-metoden bidra till flera positiva effekter. Användandet av M2015 bör leda till produkter av kolfiberkomposit som är lättare att tillverka vilket i sin tur också bör minska onödiga kostnader, ge högre kvalitet och kortare ledtider. Införandet ställer dock också krav på Saab för att dessa målsättningar ska kunna uppnås. / Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) is one of the fastest developing materials right now. Analogously to the material becoming cheaper and being used more widely in the aerospace industry the manufacturing methods have developed to follow the progress. How material and manufacturing method change the requirements and affect a product's design and performance can be hard to determine. This degree project has developed a Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFM/A) method to easier take into consideration the production process throughout the product development. The DFM/A method is developed for Saab Aerostructures and is based on their materials, production process and product development process. By studying literature and performing case studies a DFM/A method called Method 2015 (M2015) was developed. The method includes a work procedure, design guidelines and supporting DFM/A tools. By considering the production aspects throughout the development process this method of operation facilitate the development of CFRP products at Saab. In addition to the method itself the materials needed to use M2015 is compiled in a manual for the designer. By creating a better understanding of the production aspects of a design and providing the right tools the DFM/A method can contribute to several positive effects. The use of M2015 should lead to CFRP products that are easier to produce which in turn should minimize unnecessary costs, raise the quality and shorten lead times. However, the implementation of M2015 at Saab also creates demands to reach these targets