The aim of the diploma thesis submitted is preparation of project documentation for construction of new municipal authority building. The building will be situated in the center of municipality Dlha nad Kysucou. The building is divided into the municipality office and hall for social occasions. The building is detached, with partial basement and two floors. Small and large halls are situated on the ground floor. Municipality offices can be found on the first floor. Foundations of the building are formed by foundation strips of regular concrete. Wall construction system, Porotherm blocks are used for vertical structures of the building. Horizontal structures were built using celling panels Spiroll, made out of ferroconcrete. Flat single ply roof has standard order of layers.

This diploma thesis aims to design a project documentation for a realization of a newbuild hotel. The building is in Sigord recreation ground, near Kokosovce village in Slovakia. The object is a detached building with three storeys and a partial basement. An entrance hall, offices, bar and a restaurant are situated on the ground floor. The hotel is on the first and the second floors. Foundations of the building are made of jamb blocks and a reinforced concrete beam foundation. Construction system is skeletal, consisting of concrete poles and reinforced concrete beams, filling and vertical constructions are made of Ytong aerated concrete blocks. Horizontal constructions are made from Spiroll precast panels, with reinforced concrete ceilings. The building is finished off with a single ply roof with a standard order of layers.

High speed trains have become an integral part of the transportation systems around the world. With increasing speed, very high velocities are generated in the region around the train known as slipstream. Experimental studies have been conducted over the last few decades to study the effect of these phenomena. Slipstream velocities have been measured using anemometers placed near real trains running on the tracks and model trains running on rigs like moving model rig and rotating rail rig. However, most of these studies are quite expensive to conduct. The purpose of this thesis is to find an alternative way to measure the slipstream. Detached Eddy Simulation is used to simulate the flow around a 1:15 scaled model of an ETR500 high speed train with different configurations similar to tests conducted on the track and in the wind tunnel. The results from the simulations are compared with the data obtained from experimental tests conducted on the Torino-Novara high speed line. A wind tunnel test is also carried out to validate the CFD data. It is concluded from the results that the wind tunnel setup with a slip floor in front of the train can be used to find out if the train produces slipstream velocities that are within the limits indicated by the TSI standards.

L'intégration aérodynamique des turboréacteurs à grand taux de dilution nécessite, dès les phases de conception, une connaissance précise des propriétés instationnaires du développement du jet à l'aide de la simulation numérique. Différents niveaux de modélisation sont étudiés dans cette thèse pour évaluer la capacité des méthodes numériques à caractériser le développement du jet. Une configuration de jet moteur double-flux est ici étudiée, en s'appuyant sur une large base de données expérimentale. La modélisation par les équations de Navier-Stokes moyennées démontre une bonne capacité des modèles de turbulence à reproduire les champs moyens de ce type d'écoulement, particulièrement au niveau des couches de mélange. La capture des systèmes de choc développés au sein des jets primaire et secondaire, ainsi que la prévision des niveaux de turbulence des écoulements sont en revanche peu satisfaisantes. Un recalage de la simulation sur les conditions turbulentes expérimentales, à l'aide de différentes configurations, pallie en partie ce défaut. La nécessité de procéder à un calcul et non plus à une modélisation des phénomènes turbulents conduit à l'application d'une méthode de calcul à résolution de turbulence. L'approche hybride de simulation des tourbillons détachés type DES (Detached Eddy Simulation) de cet écoulement montre une précision au moins équivalente pour la prévision des champs moyens et apporte une grande quantité d'informations supplémentaire sur les champs fluctuants et les caractéristiques instationnaires des couches de mélange du jet, en accord avec les données expérimentales. On conclue sur l'applicabilité de cette méthode dans un contexte industriel,son gain de précision rapporté à son temps de calcul et la perspective d'une telle approche pour une configuration de jet installée plus complexe. / The aerodynamic integration of Ultra-High Bypass Ratio turbofans raises the need for an accurate prediction of the unsteady properties of the jet development using Computational Fluid Dynamics, since the design stages. The ability of numerical methods in predicting these phenomena are assessed in this thesis, using different modelling approaches. A dual-stream jet configuration is investigated, using an associated wind-tunnel test campaign. Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes simulations, using several turbulence models, are shown to correctly reproduce the mean flow especially concerning the shear layers. Shock cells and turbulence levels predictions within the primary and secondary jet flows are however perfectible compared to the test results. Turbulence-accounting approaches based upon experimental data and using different configurations partially overcome this issue. An unsteady methodis then applied in order to resolve turbulent phenomena instead of modelling them. The hybrid Detached-Eddy Simulation of the flow demonstrates an at least equivalent accuracy concerning the mean flow and provides additional information on the fluctuating fields and shear layers unsteady properties, in fair agreement with the experimental results. Prospects discuss benefits and consequences of this approach taking into account its cost and the industrial context of this application,as well as its potential use for a more complex, installed jet configuration.

This master´s thesis is focused on detterminations of the difference between the standard price of a detached passive house and selected detached houses in Chomutov and its surroundings. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the basic terms used in real estate valuation. The main task of this thesis is in Chomutov establish the standard price of houses with regard to their implementation, to evaluate land forming their accessories and assess standart value house without land, in order to eliminate the influence of land price to the price of the property. For valuation has been selected 10 houses from the Ústecký kraj of 3 districts (Chomutov, Louny and Most).

This diploma thesis deals with the processing of project documentation in the documentation phase for construction of building object SO 01 – Detached house with facilities. The thesis is not worked out in full extent, as prescribed in Decree No. 62/2013 Coll. Amending Decree No. 499/2006 Coll., On Construction Documentation. It includes only part A (Data Accompanying Report), B (Summary Technical Report), C (Situational Drawings), D.1.1 (Architectural and Building Solutions) and D.1.3 (Fire Safety Solutions) of Appendix 6 of this Decree. In addition, a thermal-technical assessment of the building was elaborated. There are two specializations in small range as additional part of the documentation as well. The proposed two-storey house with small cellar is situated on flat land in the village of Lipová-lázně and layout of the object is divided into two parts, part of house with function of housing and part with facilities for cooking and catering for more persons.

Småhusbranschen innefattar en del av fastighetsbranschen som i sin tur är ansvariga för 19 procent av växthusgasutsläppen i Sverige. Det har gjorts mycket forskning kring bygg- och fastighetsbranschen med fokus på flerbostadshus vilket har gjort att studier om småhusbranschen har hamnat i skymundan. Syftet med denna studie är att skapa en förståelse för hur småhusbranschen och dess aktörer arbetar mot dagens miljöproblem och för ett hållbart byggande. Studien har genomförts med en kvalitativ metod där intervjuer har gjorts med representanter från sex svenska företag inom småhusbranschen. Studiens tyngdpunkt ligger vid ord istället för siffror och statistik, eftersom det skapar en bättre uppfattning och upplevelse. Respondenternas svar skildrar en bild av verkligheten, vilket ger ett bättre djup i studien. För att förstå företagens hållbarhetsstrategier på ett bättre sätt har teorierna Strategic fit och differentieringsteorin tillämpats. Studien visar på att respondenterna är eniga om att det har skett en utveckling i rätt riktning inom småhusbranschens mål kring miljöfrågor. Miljömålet gällande en utsläppneutral fastighetsbransch 2045 är en bidragande faktor till att utvecklingen går i rätt riktning. Respondenterna är överens om att det finns incitament för att bygga hållbart, men inte tillräckligt starka för att övergå helt till grönt byggande. Det som krävs för grönt byggande är framförallt ekonomiska incitament för företagen eftersom kunder inom småhusbranschen sällan ställer krav på att husen ska vara certifierade. Branschen har olika åsikter om hur utsläppsneutralitet ska nås, vissa menar på att branschen tillsammans kommer lösa det, medan andra menar på att det krävs styrning från myndigheter. Vidare har det framkommit att samtliga småhusföretag arbetar utifrån en hållbarhetsstrategi på ett eller annat vis, en del arbetar utefter certifikat och andra ser till att företaget är miljömedvetna i sitt val av material och produktion. / The detached house market is part of the real estate industry, which is responsible for 19 percent of the greenhouse gas emission in Sweden. A lot of research has been made about the construction- and real estate industry with focus on apartment buildings, which has resulted in the detached house industry not getting enough attention. The purpose of this study is to establish an understanding of the detached house market and how the industry works towards environmental goals and sustainable construction. To collect primary data a qualitative approach has been applied. Six individual in-depth interviews have been conducted with participants from Swedish companies from the detached house industry. As the aim has been to collect qualitative data, focus has been on words and comprehension instead of numbers and statistics during the interviews. The respondents’ answers portray a picture of reality which provides more depth in the study. In order to better understand the companies’ sustainability strategies, the theories strategic fit and the differentiation theory have been applied. The research has found that all interview respondents agree that the progress is going in the right direction towards the detached house industry’s environmental goals. The environmental goal regarding an emissions-neutral real estate industry in 2045 is a contributing factor to the development going in the right direction. The respondents agree that there are incentives to build sustainably, but these are not strong enough to switch completely to green construction. What is required for companies to be encouraged to build green is, above all, financial incentives as customers in the detached house industry rarely demand that the houses are certified. The industry has different views on how emission neutrality in 2045 should be achieved, some believe that the industry together will solve it, while others believe that control from authorities is required. Further, it has been found that all detached house companies work on the basis of a sustainability strategy in one way or another, some work according to certificates and others ensure that the company is environmentally conscious in their choice of materials and production.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2018-10-04T19:33:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ALEX LEAL MACEDO.pdf: 2566595 bytes, checksum: 89f40e61c7d5e843315edaf7a3216fe3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-04T19:33:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ALEX LEAL MACEDO.pdf: 2566595 bytes, checksum: 89f40e61c7d5e843315edaf7a3216fe3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-14 / Society and community are seen under the anthropological gaze, in which they interact socially, that is, the society involves secondary relations, impersonality in the bonds, rationality in the visions, utilitarian actions. For the community relations are closer, involving feelings, solidarity, traditionalism, rigidity as to social control. Finally, the relations between society and communities, form a relationship that imbues and coexists. Among the various theories that debate about the right to the city, in what concerns in legal terms, the law stands out as what is justified in the perspective of the social function of property. To live the urban life would be to experience what city has to offer, that is, spaces of coexistence and of encounter between the different social groups and of classes. But what we observe is that there are in the cities socio-spatial segregation, whose central spaces are used by the rich minority, and the peripheral spaces for the poor. Faced with this scenario it is necessary to rethink, to rethink the role of the city and its inhabitants fairly. The purpose of this dissertation is to discuss the issue of housing of social interest in large metropolises. For the purpose of this study, Riachuelo Building, located in the center of the city of São Paulo, is a commercial building transformed into a social housing. A practical example of great value in the central region of the city of São Paulo, an enterprise that represents the occupation of abandoned buildings without exercising their social function of property. The building illustrates the importance of the process around the Houses of Social Interest, as well as the preservation of the city's historical heritage / A sociedade e a comunidade são vistas sob o olhar antropológico, no qual se interagem socialmente, isto é, a sociedade envolve relações secundárias, impessoalidade nos vínculos, racionalidade nas visões, ações utilitárias. Para a comunidade as relações são mais próximas, envolvendo sentimentos, solidariedade, tradicionalismo, rigidez quanto ao controle social. Enfim, as relações entre a sociedade e a comunidades, formam um relacionamento que se imbrica e coexiste. Entre as várias teorias, que debatem sobre o direito à cidade e a moradia, no que concernem em termos legais, destaca-se a função social da propriedade. Viver a vida urbana seria experimentar o que a urbes tem para oferecer, ou seja, espaços de convivência e de encontro entre os diferentes grupos sociais e de classes. Mas, o que se observa é que há a segregação socioespacial, cujos espaços centrais são utilizados pela minoria rica, e os periféricos pelos pobres. Diante deste cenário é necessário repensar, reformular de forma justa o papel da cidade e de seus moradores. Essa dissertação busca debater a questão da habitação de interesse social em grandes metrópoles, para fins desse estudo aborda-se o Edifício Riachuelo, localizado no centro da cidade de São Paulo, um edifício comercial transformado para habitação de interesse social. Um exemplo prático de grande valia na região central de São Paulo, um empreendimento que representa a ocupação dos edifícios abandonados sem exercer a sua função social da propriedade. O edifício ilustra a importância do processo em torno das Habitações de Interesse Social, assim como, a preservação do patrimônio histórico da cidade.

The objective of this research is to develop an efficient and accurate methodology to resolve flow non-linearity of fluid-structural interaction. To achieve this purpose, a numerical strategy to apply the detached-eddy simulation (DES) with a fully coupled fluid-structural interaction model is established for the first time. The following novel numerical algorithms are also created: a general sub-domain boundary mapping procedure for parallel computation to reduce wall clock simulation time, an efficient and low diffusion E-CUSP (LDE) scheme used as a Riemann solver to resolve discontinuities with minimal numerical dissipation, and an implicit high order accuracy weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme to capture shock waves. The Detached-Eddy Simulation is based on the model proposed by Spalart in 1997. Near solid walls within wall boundary layers, the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are solved. Outside of the wall boundary layers, the 3D filtered compressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved based on large eddy simulation(LES). The Spalart-Allmaras one equation turbulence model is solved to provide the Reynolds stresses in the RANS region and the subgrid scale stresses in the LES region. An improved 5th order finite differencing weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme with an optimized epsilon value is employed for the inviscid fluxes. The new LDE scheme used with the WENO scheme is able to capture crisp shock profiles and exact contact surfaces. A set of fully conservative 4th order finite central differencing schemes are used for the viscous terms. The 3D Navier-Stokes equations are discretized based on a conservative finite differencing scheme, which is implemented by shifting the solution points half grid interval in each direction on the computational domain. The solution points are hence located in the center of the grid cells in the computational domain (not physical domain). This makes it possible to use the same code structure as a 2nd order finite volume method. A finite differencing high order WENO scheme is used since a finite differencing WENO scheme is much more efficient than a finite volume WENO scheme. The unfactored line Gauss-Seidel relaxation iteration is employed for time marching. For the time accurate unsteady simulation, the temporal terms are discretized using the 2nd order accuracy backward differencing. A pseudo temporal term is introduced for the unsteady calculation following Jameson's method. Within each physical time step, the solution is iterated until converged based on pseudo time step. A general sub-domain boundary mapping procedure is developed for arbitrary topology multi-block structured grids with grid points matched on sub-domain boundaries. The interface of two adjacent blocks is uniquely defined according to each local mesh index system (MIS) which is specified independently. A pack/unpack procedure based on the definition of the interface is developed to exchange the data in a 1D array to minimize data communication. A secure send/receive procedure is employed to remove the possibility of blocked communication and achieve optimum parallel computation efficiency. Two terms, "Order" and "Orientation", are introduced as the logics defining the relationship of adjacent blocks. The domain partitioning treatment of the implicit matrices is to simply discard the corner matrices so that the implicit Gauss-Seidel iteration can be implemented within each subdomain. This general sub-domain boundary mapping procedure is demonstrated to have high scalability. Extensive numerical experiments are conducted to test the performance of the numerical algorithms. The LDE scheme is compared with the Roe scheme for their behavior with RANS simulation. Both the LDE and the Roe scheme can use high CFL numbers and achieve high convergence rates for the algebraic Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model. For the Spalart-Allmaras one equation turbulence model, the extra equation changes the Jacobian of the Roe scheme and weakens the diagonal dominance. It reduces the maximum CFL number permitted by the Roe scheme and hence decreases the convergence rate. The LDE scheme is only slightly affected by the extra equation and maintains high CFL number and convergence rate. The high stability and convergence rate using the Spalart-Allmaras one equation turbulence model is important since the DES uses the same transport equation for the turbulence stresses closure. The RANS simulation with the Spalart-Allmaras one equation turbulence model is the foundation for DES and is hence validated with other transonic flows including a 2D subsonic flat plate turbulent boundary layer, 2D transonic inlet-diffuser, 2D RAE2822 airfoil, 3D ONERA M6 wing, and a 3D transonic duct with shock boundary layer interaction. The predicted results agree very well with the experiments. The RANS code is then further used to study the slot size effect of a co-flow jet (CFJ) airfoil. The DES solver with fully coupled fluid-structural interaction methodology is validated with vortex induced vibration of a cylinder and a transonic forced pitching airfoil. For the cylinder, the laminar Navier-Stokes equations are solved due to the low Reynolds number. The 3D effects are observed in both stationary and oscillating cylinder simulation because of the flow separations behind the cylinder. For the transonic forced pitching airfoil DES computation, there is no flow separation in the flow field. The DES results agree well with the RANS results. These two cases indicate that the DES is more effective on predicting flow separation. The DES code is used to simulate the limited cycle oscillation of NLR7301 airfoil. For the cases computed in this research, the predicted LCO frequency, amplitudes, averaged lift and moment, all agree excellently with the experiment. The solutions appear to have bifurcation and are dependent on the initial perturbation. The developed methodology is able to capture the LCO with very small amplitudes measured in the experiment. This is attributed to the high order low diffusion schemes, fully coupled FSI model, and the turbulence model used. This research appears to be the first time that a numerical simulation of LCO matches the experiment. The DES code is also used to simulate the CFJ airfoil jet mixing at high angle of attack. In conclusion, the numerical strategy of the high order DES with fully coupled FSI model and parallel computing developed in this research is demonstrated to have high accuracy, robustness, and efficiency. Future work to further maturate the methodology is suggested.

Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) is a hybrid turbulence model, a modification to the one-equation model proposed by Spalart and Allmaras (1997) [26]. It combines the advantages of both the RANS and LES models to predict any fluid flow. Presently, the focus is on using Homogeneous Turbulence to test the DES model. In an attempt to scrutinize this model, many cases are considered involving the variance of DES grid spacing parameter, CDES, the grid density, Reynolds number and cases with different initial conditions. Choosing Homogeneous Turbulence for our study alienates complications related to the geometry, boundary conditions and other flow characteristics helping us in studying the behavior of the model thoroughly. Also, the interdependencies of the model grid spacing parameter, grid density and the numerical scheme used are also investigated. Many previous implementations of the DES model have taken the value of CDES=0.65. Through this work, many issues including the sensitivity of CDES will be made clear. The code used in running the test cases is called LESTool, developed at University of Kentucky, Lexington. The two main test cases considered are based on the benchmark experimental study by Comte Bellot and Corrsin (1971) [12] and the Direct Numerical Scheme (DNS) simulation by Blaisdell et al. (1991) [10].