Denna studie syftar till att utvärdera det kenyanska utvecklingsprojektet och NGO:n Nikumbuke som på grund av landets patriarkala strukturer har som mål att stärka de deltagande kvinnorna. Vi har genom att delta i projektet som volontärer studerat vilka metoder Nikumbuke arbetar med för att uppnå sitt mål och undersökt vad effekterna blir för deltagarna samt vilka eventuella svårigheter projektet möter. För att kunna uppfylla studiens syfte har en kvalitativ ansats tillämpats där en utvärderingsmetod i kombination med effektanalys väglett studien. Empirin har samlats in med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer, gruppintervjuer samt deltagande observationer. Relevant tidigare forskning samt teoretiska utgångspunkter bestående av Tillys teori om beständig ojämlikhet, empowermentbegreppet samt Bourdieus teori om kapitalformer, habitus och fält har applicerats vid analysen av det empiriska materialet. Resultatet av studien visar att Nikumbukes metoder ger kvinnorna verktyg att öka deras möjligheter och kapitalvolym vilket leder till empowerment, men att de sociala normerna, traditionerna och strukturella hinder som råder i landet är svårföränderliga och utgör ett hinder i arbetet med att stärka kvinnorna. Då Nikumbuke dessutom är en NGO med begränsade ekonomiska resurser riskerar deras ekonomiska beroendeställning att förlänga utvecklingsprocessen och skapa långvariga effekter. / The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Kenyan development project and NGO Nikumbuke, which aims to empower the participating women due to patriarchal structures in the country. We have participated in the project as volunteers and studied the methods that Nikumbuke uses to achieve their goal and examined the experienced effects for the participants and possible difficulties that the project may face. To fulfill the purpose of this study a qualitative method was used. Additionally an evaluation method in combination with an analysis that focuses on the effects of the project has guided us throughout the work. The material was collected using semi-structured interviews, group interviews and participating observation. Relevant earlier research and theories consisting of Tillys theory about resistant inequality, empowerment and Bourdieus theory on the capital forms, habitus and field were used to analyze the empirical material. The result shows that the methods Nikumbuke use provides the women with tools to improve their abilities and capital volume that leads to empowerment, however the social norms, traditions and structural obstacles in Kenya are still problems that are difficult to change. Furthermore the fact that Nikumbuke is a NGO with limited economic resources makes the project dependent of others and risks extending the process of long term development effects.

The theme of the diploma thesis is financing development projects. The theoretical part includes the characteristics of the development projects and the possible ways of their financing . The practical part is focused on the financing process of the specific development project granted by the development company operating on the real estate market in the south Moravian region.

The diploma thesis deals with the topic of housing cost analysis. The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on the characteristics and development of the construction and real estate market, the description of development projects and their management, the prices in the construction industry as well as the budgets of the buildings. In the practical part of the thesis, I analyze the costs of a particular development project. I set the price according to the budget, I point out possible ways of lowering this price, compiling time-charts and also the financial plans of the project.

The aim of the thesis is to create a management plan of a specific development project and define the potential risks that may arise in the implementation phase from the perspective of the development company. The thesis also deals with the basic characteristic of project management, principles and practices that are used in practice both in the preparation and management of a construction project and it is also mapping the entire process of planning a development project.

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ABSTRACT The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of the Gwembe Tonga Development Project (GTDP) on the Gwembe Tonga (GT) people. The GT people were displaced in 1956 to pave way for the construction of the Kariba Dam that would increase the electricity supply to the mines in the Copperbelt and farmers. The number of people displaced was 57, 000 and they were not adequately resettled, rehabilitated and compensated. The GTDP was created in 1996 with the main objective to mitigate the negative impacts that the GT people have endured from the time they were displaced to date. A review of international literature on dams has indicated that dam constructions have led to displacement of the poor and marginalized people. Over 40 million people have been displaced worldwide. As shown in the literature review, are case studies that demonstrate the impacts of dams on people. In this study there six countries that have been listed namely India, China, Lesotho, Togo, Mozambique and Zambia. The people in these countries have experienced similar problems in terms of inadequate compensation, resettlement and rehabilitation. It is also noted that these dams leave a negative impact on the local community and environment. Development projects are equated with a general process of modernization where developed nations’ ways of conducting its affairs have been adopted by the developing countries to boost their economic development. This study has also looked at the developmental theories that the developing countries have adopted for economic transformation of both natural and built environments through construction of projects such as dams, roads, irrigation systems, pipelines, and energy resources, aimed eventually at generating and supporting both agricultural and industrial growth, and with them, increased national incomes. These large-scale development projects frequently make references to benefit the general population but experience has shown that the social costs of these projects are often borne by the indigent rural communities.

Drawing from the ever-evolving processes that reproduce and re-define our everyday life in our living environment, this study explores the reverberations of flagship projects in the wider urban landscape. The power structures that formulate spatial production are discussed. Flagships are viewed as tangible representations of governmental and public authorities’ strategies. In-depth understanding of the consequences that stem from such implementations evidence the power dynamics in urban development processes. Stockholm’s vision for 2040 envisages the reinforcement of democratically sustainable development. This study delves into the socio-spatial earmarks that emerge from leading urban development projects in the wider urban landscape and more specifically in the adjoining to the project areas. To do so, this research looks into the urban development of the districts adjoining two large-scale projects, the Hammarby Sjöstad and the Royal Seaport.

The complexity of software development projects makes estimation and management very difficult. There is a need for improved cost estimation methods and new models of lifecycle processes other than the common waterfall process. This work has developed a new simulation model of the spiral development lifecycle as well as an approach for using simulation for cost and schedule estimation. The goal is to provide a tool that can analyze the effects of a spiral development process as well as a tool that illustrates the difficulties management faces in forecasting budgets at the beginning of a project which may encourage more realistic approaches to budgetary planning. A new discrete event process model of the incremental spiral development lifecycle approach was developed in order to analyze the effects this development approach has on the estimation process as well as cost and schedule for a project. The input data for the key variables of size, productivity, and defect injection rates in the model was based on analysis of Software Engineering Laboratory data and provided for analysis of the effects of uncertainty in early project estimates. The benefits of combining a separate system dynamics model with a discrete event process models was demonstrated as was the effects of turnover on the cost and schedule for a project. This work includes a major case study of a cancelled NASA software development project that experienced cost and schedule problems throughout its history. Analysis was performed using stochastic simulation with derived probability distributions for key software development factors. A system dynamics model of human resource issues was also combined with the process model to more thoroughly analyze the effects of turnover on a project. This research has demonstrated the benefits of using a simulation model when estimating to allow for more realistic budget and schedule determination including an interval estimate to help focus on the uncertainty of early estimates.

Структура магистерской диссертации включает в себя введение, три главы, заключение, список использованной литературы из 60 источников и 1 приложение. Основная часть диссертационной работы изложена на 74 страницах, содержит 12 таблиц, 18 рисунков. В первой главе рассмотрены существующие виды жилья для людей пожилого возраста, и варианты обслуживания. Рассмотрены основные положения программы «Доступная среда», которые в свою очередь позволяют улучшить качество жизни для людей пожилого возраста. Проведен сравнительный анализ многоквартирных домов. Во второй главе проводится анализ основных направлений развития рынка недвижимости. Рассматриваются социальные показатели, их динамика и основные направления развития. Анализируется рынок жилья, определены основные направления для строительства жилой недвижимости, основными покупателями в скором времени будут люди пожилого возраста. В третьей главе представлено экономическое обоснование проекта малоэтажного строительства «Доступная среда». Рассчитаны основные интегральные показатели эффективности, смоделированы два варианта финансирования, как с собственными средствами, так и с привлечение заемных. В заключении сформулированы основные выводы и обобщены результаты исследования. / Structure of master's thesis includes introduction, three chapters, conclusion, bibliography of 60 sources and 1 Appendix. The main part of the thesis is set out on 74 pages, and contains 12 tables, 18 figures. The first Chapter describes the existing types of housing for the elderly, and service options. The main points of the program "Accessible environment", which in turn improve the quality of life for the elderly. A comparative analysis of apartment buildings. The second Chapter analyzes the main directions of development of the real estate market. Discusses social indicators, their dynamics and main directions of development. Examines the housing market, the main directions for the construction of residential property, the main buyers will soon be seniors. The third Chapter presents the economic justification of the project of low-rise construction "Accessible environment". Designed basic integrated indicators of efficiency of a simulated two variants of financing with own funds and borrowing. In conclusion the main conclusions and summarizes the results of the study.

Structure of master's thesis includes introduction, three chapters, conclusion, list of used sources and applications. The first Chapter analyzes the macroeconomic indicators of Ekaterinburg and the study of the modern types of commercial real estate. The second Chapter discusses the concept of a development project of the outlet center as a new shopping format to Yekaterinburg. In the third Chapter evaluates the effectiveness of the implementation of this development project on the example of the construction of the outlet center. Master thesis contains 122 pages of printed text, in the thesis presented 34 figures, 26 tables, list of references includes 60 items. / Структура магистерской диссертации включает в себя введение, три главы, заключение, список использованных источников и приложения. В первой главе проводится анализ макроэкономических показателей г. Екатеринбург и исследование современных типов торговой недвижимости. Во второй главе рассматривается концепция девелоперского проекта аутлет-центра как нового торгового формата для Екатеринбурга. В третьей главе выполняется оценка эффективности реализации данного девелоперского проекта на примере строительства аутлет-центра. Магистерская диссертация содержит 122 страницы печатного текста, в диссертации представлены 34 рисунка, 26 таблиц, список использованных источников включает 60 наименований.