Many billions of dollars each year are spent in pursuit of economic and social development goals. The field of program evaluation aims to measure the efficacy of these programs and allocate funds to achieve optimal results. However, current research on program design and evaluation tends to focus on determining causality through complex statistical methods, neglecting intermediate measures of data, such as network metrics. Similarly, research in computational social science has focused on generating hypotheses and validating theory rather than economic development applications. This thesis develops a novel technique for using computational social science to design and evaluate social and economic programs. A framework for program design and evaluation using network metrics is presented, along with two case studies that illustrate the use of this technique. In the first, we consider Start-Up Chile, an economic development program whose goal is to foster networks between Chileans and international entrepreneurs, using network metrics to evaluate its ability to facilitate connection between Chilean and non- Chilean entrepreneurs. Second, an agent-based model for designing entrepreneurial incubators is developed, with novel conclusions for more efficient design of economic development programs.

South Africa and other African countries are faced with high levels of food insecurity and poverty levels as a result of slow growth of the macro economy and weak or sluggish rural development. Irrigation scheme development is seen as an important strategy to address the challenges faced by households in rural areas and restores growth and enhanced livelihoods. While the international experience shows that Irrigation schemes are potentially transformative of poor communities and have been operational for many years now, there is no marked improvement in living conditions of rural households in terms of livelihoods and income. This raises the question as to whether or not the schemes are viable from a socio-economic perspective and whether or not there are reasons for concern and revision of the policy framework for smallholder irrigation schemes. As a result of that, the broad objective of the study was to evaluate the contribution of smallholder irrigation schemes to household income and food security of rural households in Idutywa village of the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa. Specifically, this research investigated the major factors that influence their performance, impact of irrigation farming on rural livelihood and household food security as well as identifying the possible opportunities of production that would improve their performance. The study was carried out in Idutywa villages of the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa and employed survey data obtained from 107 households. The study employed a cross-sectional research design and the study employed stratified random sampling. The study made use of descriptive and inferential statistics to estimate the central tendency and dispersion as well as testing the hypothesis that there is a difference in the contribution between irrigators and non-irrigators using STATA and SPSS. Probit regression model was used to estimate factors that influenced the performance of smallholder irrigation schemes. The descriptive statistics employed included means, percentages and frequencies on the socio-economic characteristics of households in the study areas. The results show that females were dominant with a representation of 66.7 percent. The majority of households were aged and the mean age was 65 years. High level of illiteracy in the project area was revealed by the data. The average number of years, households spent in school was between 6 years to 10 years in school. Farming was found to be the major agricultural economic activity. Sixty-three (63 percent) were full time farmers. The results further show that household size ranges between 1 to 5 persons. The households were shown to be mostly dependent on social grant with household income hovering around R 1 000. The results from propensity score matching revealed that irrigation exerts a positive impact on household income. This provides sufficient evidence that irrigation schemes do make a contribution to rural livelihoods through their effect on household income and food security. This implies that government should continue investing in irrigation schemes as part of a strategy to grow the rural economy and improve rural livelihoods. This is in line with the Agricultural Policy Action Plan (APAP) and National Development Plan (NDP) of South Africa. Probit analysis suggests that age of the households, household size and market were some of the key determinants that positively influenced households’ decision to participate in smallholder irrigation schemes while access to credit had significant but negative effect on households’ decision to participate in smallholder irrigation schemes. Based on the findings highlighted above, it is recommended that addressing such barriers may create enabling conditions that would encourage households to access and participate more effectively in smallholder irrigation schemes.

The Qamata Irrigation Scheme (QIS) is one of the largest irrigation schemes in South Africa. Despite substantial state investment, community members have only derived limited benefits from the scheme, leading the government efforts to revitalize the scheme. Many studies have been conducted about QIS but none of them have analyzed the effects of the QIS on the surrounding communities. This study investigated the socio-economic benefits of QIS to surrounding communities. For the purposes of this study, the units of analysis were the surrounding household members, questionnaires were used to collect data. Probabilistic sampling of random sampling method was used to select the villages; respondents’ were availability selected with sample size of 197 households. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from the participants. To analyse data, descriptive statistics and multinomial logit regression model were used. The study found out that female-headed households constitute 63.45 percent compared to male-headed households at 36.55 percent. The average age of the households in the villages that are within the radius of 10km is 58 years, while it is 59 years in villages that are beyond the 10km radius. In villages within the radius of 10km, 86.08 percent of respondents are unemployed, 5.70 percent are employed at the scheme and 8.23 percent are self-employed. In villages beyond 10km, 84.62 percent of respondents are unemployed, 5.13 percent are employed at the scheme and 10.26 percent are self-employed. In both villages, 71 percent of respondents reported that that they do not get feed supply from the scheme while 29 percent of respondents reported that they get feed supply from the scheme. From the overall distribution of villages within and beyond the radius of 10km, 80 percent of respondents reported that they do not get job opportunities from the QIS while 20 percent of respondents reported that they get job opportunities from the QIS. The study shows that 53 percent of respondents from villages within the radius of 10km are low-benefitting, 33 percent of respondents are intermediate-benefitting and 14 percent of respondents are high-benefitting from the scheme, while in villages beyond the radius of 10km, 97 percent of respondents are low-benefitting, 3 percent of respondents are intermediate-benefitting and none of the respondents is high-benefitting from the scheme. Furthermore, the study, through the multinomial logit regression model, shows that gender for intermediate benefitting has a negative coefficient (-1.70) and shows a significance of 10 percent On the other hand, gender for high benefitting has a positive coefficient (2.57) and shows a significance of 1 percent. Distance from the scheme has a negative coefficient (-3.08) and shows a significance of 1 percent. Access to farmland has a positive coefficient (2.33) and shows a significance of 10 percent. The study recommends that surrounding communities should own home gardens so that they can grow fresh produce and create job opportunities. The surrounding communities are also encouraged to own more farmlands or produce their own crops so they can also learn from the skills of the scheme.

A extensão rural é uma importante ferramenta de intervenção no meio rural vinculada à ideia de desenvolvimento. A EMATER/RS-ASCAR é a Agência oficial, principal operacionalizadora das políticas públicas da Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária, Pesca e Agronegócio (SEAPPA-RS) com elevada capilaridade presente em 98% dos municípios. A EMATER/RS-ASCAR sofreu diversas críticas ao longo de sua história e, recentemente, enfrenta uma série de dificuldades: crise financeira, decorrente do corte de recursos públicos pelo governo do Estado; dificuldade operacional; necessidade de redefinição das fontes de financiamento; demissão em massa de empregados; insegurança no quadro funcional; aumento da carga de trabalho. Esta tese formula como objetivo geral analisar a intervenção para o desenvolvimento rural realizada pela extensão rural pública do Rio Grande do Sul, buscando compreender sua trajetória institucional, a ação extensionista e os determinantes da crise atual. Para respondê-lo, foi realizada pesquisa de campo, adotando-se como referencial teórico a Perspectiva Orientada ao Ator (POA). Após análise dos dados secundários e material documental, levantamento de dados primários, a partir de entrevistas com roteiros semiestruturados com 42 interlocutores e observação, conclui-se que as ações com viés difusionista ainda estão presentes na EMATER/RS-ASCAR, nas mais variadas situações e momentos. A Agência apresenta um vício de abordagem, marcado por métodos tradicionais de extensão. No entanto, destaca-se que paralelamente, também são realizadas atividades participativas, com caráter dialógico. A ação extensionista depende de cada extensionista e, assim como a Agência, apresenta um conjunto diverso de perfis. Consequentemente, há uma variedade de posturas. Conclui-se também que as situações de interface social permitiram, na prática, visualizar como ocorre o processo de negociação dos projetos de desenvolvimento propostos pela Agência; como os agentes envolvem os outros em seus projetos, apresentando margem de manobra; como ocorre o ajuste realizado nos projetos em fase de implementação; e, verificar a construção do conhecimento híbrido, resultado do processo de apropriação; a formação e mobilização de redes de interface e conhecimento, denotando a capacidade de agência. E, também analisar a reação por parte dos agricultores a todo processo, desde seu empoderamento,quando a dinâmica de interface é estabelecida até as formas cotidianas de resistência, quando o próprio silêncio denota poder, quando esse poder pode se manifestar por intermédio da subordinação e submissão estratégica. Por fim, conclui-se que o rumo que a EMATER/RS-ASCAR irá seguir dependerá de algumas decisões tomadas pela Agência relativas à sua compreensão sobre o desenvolvimento, a forma de atuação, a ação dos extensionistas e da repercussão de sua importância para a sociedade e para o Estado. / The rural extension is an important intervention tool in the rural area connected to the idea of development. EMATER/ASCAR is the official agency, the main operational public politics of the Secretary of Agriculture, Pecuary, Fishing and Agro business (SEAPPA-RS) with high capillarity in 98% of the municipal districts. EMATER/ASCAR suffered several critics along its history and, recently, it faces a series of difficulties: financial crisis, due to the cut of public resources by the State Government, redefinition of the financial sources, dismissal in mass, insecure climate in the functional staff and increasing the work burden. This thesis formulates as a general objective to analyse the intervention for the rural development accomplished by the public rural extension in Rio Grande do Sul trying to understand its institutional trajectory, the extentionist action the present crisis determinants. To answer it a field research was accomplished, adopting as theorical framework Actor Oriented Approach (POA). After analyzing secondary data and documental material rising of primary data starting from interviews with semi-structured scripts with 42 workers and participants observation it is concluded with difusionist ideas are still present at EMATER/ASCAR in many different situations and moments. The Agency presents a vicious approach stablished by traditional methods of extention; even though, it is noticed that, parallely, participative activities are also accomplished, with dialogical character; the extentionists actions depend on each extentionist, and as if, the Agency presents a different group of profiles, consequently, there is a variety of postures. It is also concluded that the situation of social interface allowed, in practice, to visualize how the negotiation process of the development projects proposed by the Agency; as the agents involve the other ones in their projects presenting maneuver margin as the adjustment accomplished in the projects occurs in the implementation phase; and verify the construction of the hybrid knowledge result of the appropriation process; the formation and mobilization of interface nets and knowledge, denoting the agency capacity. And, also, the reaction of the farmers to every process from their empowerment when the interface dynamics is stablished to the forms of daily resistance, when the own silence denotes power, when this power can be showm through subordination and submission strategic. Finally, it is concluded that the way EMATER/ASCAR will follow will depends on some decisions taken by the Agency related to its understanding about the development, the action way, the extentionists action and the repercussion of its importance to society and to the state.

The objective of this study is to explore the role of aspirations on changing livelihood strategies of rural households of Ndabakazi villages in the Eastern Cape. A sample of 80 respondents was chosen randomly for the household survey and semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect the data. Focus group discussions were also used to supplement the household survey. The data was descriptively analysed using a triangulation method. The findings show that social grants, mainly pensions and non-farm employment, and child support grants are the major sources of income. The majority of the households own five hectares of land and more, in which they grow crops only in gardens adjacent to their homes. However, 29 percent do not produce any crops at all. Farming contributes a small portion to the household income. The choice of farming is more powerful than the external factors. Interest in farming is minimal and can be related to the declining farming activities; therefore, household aspirations have an influence on changing livelihood aspirations. In the case of the rural areas of Ndabakazi – as indeed in many other parts of South Africa - policies of rural development mostly take a top-down approach; as a result most of these policies do not become effective in achieving the intended outcome. Development practitioners should incorporate beneficiaries when planning so as to tailor the development initiatives with the aspirations of local people for them to be effect and achieve intended goals thus a bottom-up approach. The notion that rural household farming activities have declined because they lack inputs, farming implements other necessary support is not always true. Some households are not interested in farming and they cannot be forced.

A extensão rural é uma importante ferramenta de intervenção no meio rural vinculada à ideia de desenvolvimento. A EMATER/RS-ASCAR é a Agência oficial, principal operacionalizadora das políticas públicas da Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária, Pesca e Agronegócio (SEAPPA-RS) com elevada capilaridade presente em 98% dos municípios. A EMATER/RS-ASCAR sofreu diversas críticas ao longo de sua história e, recentemente, enfrenta uma série de dificuldades: crise financeira, decorrente do corte de recursos públicos pelo governo do Estado; dificuldade operacional; necessidade de redefinição das fontes de financiamento; demissão em massa de empregados; insegurança no quadro funcional; aumento da carga de trabalho. Esta tese formula como objetivo geral analisar a intervenção para o desenvolvimento rural realizada pela extensão rural pública do Rio Grande do Sul, buscando compreender sua trajetória institucional, a ação extensionista e os determinantes da crise atual. Para respondê-lo, foi realizada pesquisa de campo, adotando-se como referencial teórico a Perspectiva Orientada ao Ator (POA). Após análise dos dados secundários e material documental, levantamento de dados primários, a partir de entrevistas com roteiros semiestruturados com 42 interlocutores e observação, conclui-se que as ações com viés difusionista ainda estão presentes na EMATER/RS-ASCAR, nas mais variadas situações e momentos. A Agência apresenta um vício de abordagem, marcado por métodos tradicionais de extensão. No entanto, destaca-se que paralelamente, também são realizadas atividades participativas, com caráter dialógico. A ação extensionista depende de cada extensionista e, assim como a Agência, apresenta um conjunto diverso de perfis. Consequentemente, há uma variedade de posturas. Conclui-se também que as situações de interface social permitiram, na prática, visualizar como ocorre o processo de negociação dos projetos de desenvolvimento propostos pela Agência; como os agentes envolvem os outros em seus projetos, apresentando margem de manobra; como ocorre o ajuste realizado nos projetos em fase de implementação; e, verificar a construção do conhecimento híbrido, resultado do processo de apropriação; a formação e mobilização de redes de interface e conhecimento, denotando a capacidade de agência. E, também analisar a reação por parte dos agricultores a todo processo, desde seu empoderamento,quando a dinâmica de interface é estabelecida até as formas cotidianas de resistência, quando o próprio silêncio denota poder, quando esse poder pode se manifestar por intermédio da subordinação e submissão estratégica. Por fim, conclui-se que o rumo que a EMATER/RS-ASCAR irá seguir dependerá de algumas decisões tomadas pela Agência relativas à sua compreensão sobre o desenvolvimento, a forma de atuação, a ação dos extensionistas e da repercussão de sua importância para a sociedade e para o Estado. / The rural extension is an important intervention tool in the rural area connected to the idea of development. EMATER/ASCAR is the official agency, the main operational public politics of the Secretary of Agriculture, Pecuary, Fishing and Agro business (SEAPPA-RS) with high capillarity in 98% of the municipal districts. EMATER/ASCAR suffered several critics along its history and, recently, it faces a series of difficulties: financial crisis, due to the cut of public resources by the State Government, redefinition of the financial sources, dismissal in mass, insecure climate in the functional staff and increasing the work burden. This thesis formulates as a general objective to analyse the intervention for the rural development accomplished by the public rural extension in Rio Grande do Sul trying to understand its institutional trajectory, the extentionist action the present crisis determinants. To answer it a field research was accomplished, adopting as theorical framework Actor Oriented Approach (POA). After analyzing secondary data and documental material rising of primary data starting from interviews with semi-structured scripts with 42 workers and participants observation it is concluded with difusionist ideas are still present at EMATER/ASCAR in many different situations and moments. The Agency presents a vicious approach stablished by traditional methods of extention; even though, it is noticed that, parallely, participative activities are also accomplished, with dialogical character; the extentionists actions depend on each extentionist, and as if, the Agency presents a different group of profiles, consequently, there is a variety of postures. It is also concluded that the situation of social interface allowed, in practice, to visualize how the negotiation process of the development projects proposed by the Agency; as the agents involve the other ones in their projects presenting maneuver margin as the adjustment accomplished in the projects occurs in the implementation phase; and verify the construction of the hybrid knowledge result of the appropriation process; the formation and mobilization of interface nets and knowledge, denoting the agency capacity. And, also, the reaction of the farmers to every process from their empowerment when the interface dynamics is stablished to the forms of daily resistance, when the own silence denotes power, when this power can be showm through subordination and submission strategic. Finally, it is concluded that the way EMATER/ASCAR will follow will depends on some decisions taken by the Agency related to its understanding about the development, the action way, the extentionists action and the repercussion of its importance to society and to the state.

A extensão rural é uma importante ferramenta de intervenção no meio rural vinculada à ideia de desenvolvimento. A EMATER/RS-ASCAR é a Agência oficial, principal operacionalizadora das políticas públicas da Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária, Pesca e Agronegócio (SEAPPA-RS) com elevada capilaridade presente em 98% dos municípios. A EMATER/RS-ASCAR sofreu diversas críticas ao longo de sua história e, recentemente, enfrenta uma série de dificuldades: crise financeira, decorrente do corte de recursos públicos pelo governo do Estado; dificuldade operacional; necessidade de redefinição das fontes de financiamento; demissão em massa de empregados; insegurança no quadro funcional; aumento da carga de trabalho. Esta tese formula como objetivo geral analisar a intervenção para o desenvolvimento rural realizada pela extensão rural pública do Rio Grande do Sul, buscando compreender sua trajetória institucional, a ação extensionista e os determinantes da crise atual. Para respondê-lo, foi realizada pesquisa de campo, adotando-se como referencial teórico a Perspectiva Orientada ao Ator (POA). Após análise dos dados secundários e material documental, levantamento de dados primários, a partir de entrevistas com roteiros semiestruturados com 42 interlocutores e observação, conclui-se que as ações com viés difusionista ainda estão presentes na EMATER/RS-ASCAR, nas mais variadas situações e momentos. A Agência apresenta um vício de abordagem, marcado por métodos tradicionais de extensão. No entanto, destaca-se que paralelamente, também são realizadas atividades participativas, com caráter dialógico. A ação extensionista depende de cada extensionista e, assim como a Agência, apresenta um conjunto diverso de perfis. Consequentemente, há uma variedade de posturas. Conclui-se também que as situações de interface social permitiram, na prática, visualizar como ocorre o processo de negociação dos projetos de desenvolvimento propostos pela Agência; como os agentes envolvem os outros em seus projetos, apresentando margem de manobra; como ocorre o ajuste realizado nos projetos em fase de implementação; e, verificar a construção do conhecimento híbrido, resultado do processo de apropriação; a formação e mobilização de redes de interface e conhecimento, denotando a capacidade de agência. E, também analisar a reação por parte dos agricultores a todo processo, desde seu empoderamento,quando a dinâmica de interface é estabelecida até as formas cotidianas de resistência, quando o próprio silêncio denota poder, quando esse poder pode se manifestar por intermédio da subordinação e submissão estratégica. Por fim, conclui-se que o rumo que a EMATER/RS-ASCAR irá seguir dependerá de algumas decisões tomadas pela Agência relativas à sua compreensão sobre o desenvolvimento, a forma de atuação, a ação dos extensionistas e da repercussão de sua importância para a sociedade e para o Estado. / The rural extension is an important intervention tool in the rural area connected to the idea of development. EMATER/ASCAR is the official agency, the main operational public politics of the Secretary of Agriculture, Pecuary, Fishing and Agro business (SEAPPA-RS) with high capillarity in 98% of the municipal districts. EMATER/ASCAR suffered several critics along its history and, recently, it faces a series of difficulties: financial crisis, due to the cut of public resources by the State Government, redefinition of the financial sources, dismissal in mass, insecure climate in the functional staff and increasing the work burden. This thesis formulates as a general objective to analyse the intervention for the rural development accomplished by the public rural extension in Rio Grande do Sul trying to understand its institutional trajectory, the extentionist action the present crisis determinants. To answer it a field research was accomplished, adopting as theorical framework Actor Oriented Approach (POA). After analyzing secondary data and documental material rising of primary data starting from interviews with semi-structured scripts with 42 workers and participants observation it is concluded with difusionist ideas are still present at EMATER/ASCAR in many different situations and moments. The Agency presents a vicious approach stablished by traditional methods of extention; even though, it is noticed that, parallely, participative activities are also accomplished, with dialogical character; the extentionists actions depend on each extentionist, and as if, the Agency presents a different group of profiles, consequently, there is a variety of postures. It is also concluded that the situation of social interface allowed, in practice, to visualize how the negotiation process of the development projects proposed by the Agency; as the agents involve the other ones in their projects presenting maneuver margin as the adjustment accomplished in the projects occurs in the implementation phase; and verify the construction of the hybrid knowledge result of the appropriation process; the formation and mobilization of interface nets and knowledge, denoting the agency capacity. And, also, the reaction of the farmers to every process from their empowerment when the interface dynamics is stablished to the forms of daily resistance, when the own silence denotes power, when this power can be showm through subordination and submission strategic. Finally, it is concluded that the way EMATER/ASCAR will follow will depends on some decisions taken by the Agency related to its understanding about the development, the action way, the extentionists action and the repercussion of its importance to society and to the state.

Orientador: Miguel Juan Bacic / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T07:48:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vieira_EmersonMorais_M.pdf: 2225654 bytes, checksum: 1a488c102c641e4a30c58c2de8195f39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: A região do Alto Tietê (SP) possui uma complexa produção agrícola, formada principalmente pelo cultivo de hortaliças, caqui, nêspera, flores e cogumelos, produzida em sua grande maioria por pequenos produtores. Essas cadeias produtivas têm como características comuns a fragilidade na coordenação dos elos e o surgimento de novas regiões produtoras. Diante desse cenário, em 1999 foi criado o Programa AGROALT com o objetivo de desenvolver e fortalecer as cadeias agrícolas da região e promover novas oportunidades no território rural da região do Alto Tietê. Por meio de um trabalho articulado entre diversas instituições, houve um grande avanço na formação de redes de cooperação entre diversos elos e cadeias, o fortalecimento da visão integrada do rural e agrícola da região e a possibilidade de implantação de políticas públicas voltadas para o desenvolvimento territorial / Abstract: The high Tietê region shows a very complex agriculture production, especially by the horticulture, khaki, medlar, flowers and mushrooms production, most of them harvested by small agricultures. These productive chains have in common a weak coordination among their links and new coming regions that play a hole of competitor regions. So, in this scenery, in 1999 was established the AGROALT Program, aiming to develop, become stronger the regional productive chains and look for new opportunities to the rural areas form the high of Tietê region. Through an integrated work among several institutions, there was a great development in nets of cooperation among many links and productive chains, the strengthening of the real necessity to integrate the rural and agricultural aspects of the region and the possibility to introduce public politics that worry about the territory development / Mestrado / Economia Agricola e Agraria / Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

Submitted by Kamila Costa (kamilavasconceloscosta@gmail.com) on 2015-08-19T13:05:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Eduardo G sa S Filho.pdf: 3683641 bytes, checksum: c57186a405bdde2f2ae900db6dbcdc90 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-08-24T15:12:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Eduardo G sa S Filho.pdf: 3683641 bytes, checksum: c57186a405bdde2f2ae900db6dbcdc90 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-08-24T15:19:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Eduardo G sa S Filho.pdf: 3683641 bytes, checksum: c57186a405bdde2f2ae900db6dbcdc90 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-24T15:19:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Eduardo G sa S Filho.pdf: 3683641 bytes, checksum: c57186a405bdde2f2ae900db6dbcdc90 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-11 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis aims to analyze the resistance process Waimiri-Atroari people cope with the impacts of major development projects in the Amazon. The defense of its territory traditionally occupied since time immemorial, is the guiding element of this study. We take as temporal cut the last fifty years of his Ethnohistory, having as a backdrop, the "(un) commemoration" of the 1964 civil-military coup until mid-2014, when this cycle is evidenced by the publication of the Final Report the National Truth Commission. Throughout the work, dialogue with anthropology is also present in an attempt to understand their different practices of resistance. / Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar o processo de resistência do povo Waimiri-Atroari frente aos impactos dos grandes projetos de desenvolvimento na Amazônia. A defesa do seu território tradicionalmente ocupado, desde tempos imemoriais, é o elemento norteador deste estudo. Tomamos como recorte temporal os últimos cinquenta anos de sua Etno-história, tendo como pano de fundo, a “(des) comemoração” do golpe civil-militar de 1964 até meados de 2014, quando esse ciclo é evidenciado com a publicação do Relatório final da Comissão Nacional da Verdade. Ao longo do trabalho, o diálogo com a Antropologia também se faz presente, na tentativa de compreendermos às suas diferentes práticas de resistência.

Nesta dissertação é realizada a aplicação do método do valor agregado no monitoramento e controle da execução de obras de loteamentos urbanos residenciais. Inicialmente, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a aplicação do método e sobre os métodos e teorias de gestão mais usuais no controle de obras da construção civil. Como não foi identificada nenhuma bibliografia com a aplicação do método do valor agregado nesse tipo de obras, foi realizada a aplicação em trinta e quatro empreendimentos de uma empresa do setor, a fim de verificar sua efetividade no monitoramento e controle das obras. Essa aplicação foi descrita detalhadamente para possível aplicação em ferramenta de monitoramento e controle de outras obras de loteamentos urbanos residenciais, que compreende obras de infraestrutura urbana, edificações e paisagismo. Para verificação da efetividade da aplicação do método do valor agregado, foi analisado o seu resultado em relação ao custo real final das obras e realizada a comparação entre as projeções de prazo e custo obtidas com a aplicação e as projeções do método atual de monitoramento e controle da empresa. Dessa forma, verificou-se que a aplicação do método do valor agregado para projeção de custos de obras é efetiva, porém não apresenta os mesmos resultados em relação à projeção de prazo de finalização. / This dissertation performs the application of the earned value analysis (EVA) in the execution\'s monitoring and controlling of residential urban development projects. Initially, it was done a bibliographic review about the application of EVA and about the most recognized methods and theories of management and construction work\'s controlling. How it wasn\'t found bibliography about the application of the earned value analysis in this type of projects, it was applied in thirty-four projects of a company of the sector, in order to verify its effectiveness in the work\'s monitoring and controlling. This application was described in detail for future application in a monitoring and controlling\'s tool for other residential urban development works, which includes urban infrastructure works, buildings and landscaping. In order to verify the effectiveness of the method\'s application, the result was analyzed in relation of final real cost of works and a comparison was done between the projections of time and cost obtained with the application of EVA with the projections obtained with the current method of monitoring and controlling of the company under study. Therefore, it was verified that the application of the earned value analysis for the projection of construction costs is effective, but it doesn\'t show the same results about the projection of the work\'s completion period.