This thesis provides an anti-colonial analysis of how Indigenous knowledges have been studied and conceptualized through ethnographic research in the field of development studies. In this analysis I apply meta-ethnography within an anti-colonial discursive framework, a combination that I argue has great potential in the study of power relations in qualitative knowledge production. Firstly, this approach allows me to provide a synthesis of purposively selected ethnographies from the development studies literature; secondly, it requires that I refer to Indigenous scholars’ critical writings in the education literature to analyze development studies ethnographers’ approaches to Indigenous knowledges. The results of this analysis provide a starting point for questioning epistemological racism and colonial power relations at play in knowledge production on Indigenous knowledges in the field of development studies, with important implications for how we teach, study, and conduct research in development.

This thesis provides an anti-colonial analysis of how Indigenous knowledges have been studied and conceptualized through ethnographic research in the field of development studies. In this analysis I apply meta-ethnography within an anti-colonial discursive framework, a combination that I argue has great potential in the study of power relations in qualitative knowledge production. Firstly, this approach allows me to provide a synthesis of purposively selected ethnographies from the development studies literature; secondly, it requires that I refer to Indigenous scholars’ critical writings in the education literature to analyze development studies ethnographers’ approaches to Indigenous knowledges. The results of this analysis provide a starting point for questioning epistemological racism and colonial power relations at play in knowledge production on Indigenous knowledges in the field of development studies, with important implications for how we teach, study, and conduct research in development.

Orientador: Elson Luciano Silva Pires / Banca: Silvia Selingardi Sampaio / Banca: Eliseu Saverio Sposito / Banca: Olga Lúcia Castreghini de Freitas Firkowski / Banca: João Eduardo de Morais Pinto Furtado / Resumo: A discussão em torno da aglomeração de pequenas e médias empresas (PMEs) e das vantagens que tal conformação pode produzir emerge a partir da proposta de Alfred Marshall, em fins do século XIX e início do XX, com os distritos industriais. Todavia, é o grande sucesso econômico alcançado na região da Terceira Itália que estimula pesquisas e ações práticas (políticas públicas) no sentido da reflexão sobre o papel das PMEs e das possibilidades de criação de estratégias de arranjos produtivos locais (APLs). Nos últimos anos, a despeito de alguns sinais de inflexão do Governo Lula, principalmente no segundo mandato, e de atitudes pontuais de alguns estados, o debate sobre a questão do desenvolvimento territorial, no Brasil, ainda permanece em segundo plano. No paradigma dominante, apesar das fortes tentativas de discussão do desenvolvimento sob a perspectiva territorial, a questão das escalas permanece na dicotomia local-global. Deste modo, as escalas intermediárias, sejam os estados, as regiões e os territórios, estão dispostos ao debate. Prova disso é a tímida discussão acerca dos impactos regionais causados pelo apoio ao desenvolvimento de atividades produtivas aglomeradas de pequenas e médias empresas sem base numa política nacional ou territorial de desenvolvimento. Nesse contexto, os APLs emergem como possibilidades positivas de desenvolvimento e ordenamento territorial, na medida em que são vistos como resultados de dinâmicas endógenas de comunidades capazes de, por meio de sua capacidade de governança, tornar o seu território pertinente, estimulando a criação de projetos de desenvolvimento e integração territorial. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho analisa duas aglomerações produtivas no Paraná, ambas caracterizadas como APLs, quais sejam, o APLs de Malhas, em Imbituva, e o de Cal e Calcário... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The discussion on the agglomeration of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and the advantages they can produce conformation emerges from the proposed Alfred Marshall in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, with the industrial districts. However, the great economic success is achieved in the region of the Third Italy that stimulates research and practical actions (policies) in the sense of reflection on the role of SMEs and the possibilities of establishing strategies of local productive arrangements (LPAs). In recent years, despite some signs of inflection of the Lula government, especially in the second term, and specific attitudes of some states, the debate on the issue of territorial development in Brazil remains in the background. In the dominant paradigm, despite strong attempts to discuss the development from a territorial perspective, the question remains of scales in the local-global dichotomy. Thus, the intermediate scales, be they states, regions and territories, are willing to debate. Proof of this is tentative discussion about the regional impacts caused by supporting the development of productive activities agglomerated small and medium enterprises with no basis in national policy or territorial development. In this context, clusters emerge as positive possibilities of development and land use, as they are seen as the result of endogenous dynamics of communities which, through its governance capacity, make the relevant territory, encouraging the creation of projects development and territorial integration. In this sense, this paper examines two productive agglomerations in Parana, both characterized as clusters, which are the clusters of meshes in Imbil, and Lime and Limestone in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba. The construction of the profile provides insight into how these... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Magister Artium - MA (Ethics) / This research will investigate how globalization developed its own ethical discourse, based on perceived benefits and failures; also how it could be transformed within the global economic sphere, based on critique and advice given by Joseph Eugene Stiglitz, a world renowned economist. Globally, historically and currently, there has been a misunderstanding about the concept and dynamics of globalization among government officials, economists and ordinary citizens. This resulted in an economic imbalance that benefited [and still benefits] the rich and leaves the poor outside in the cold. In this research I wish to explore the critique of Stiglitz on globalization, specifically on global capital. The aim is to bring the Stiglitz critique into alignment with critical debates within ecumenical circles on the responsibility of human agents – based on middle-ground (shared ground) ethical discourse. The normative framework for such a comparison of responses to globalization, delivering middle axioms in ethical discourse, is taken from various strands of “Responsibility Theory”, especially the contributions of authors such as Tödt, Schweiker and Sacks. The important goal of this inter-disciplinary exercise is to bring about a balance between the discrepancy of the proclaimed benefits and the extreme negative effects which globalization has for millions of people worldwide, as expressed by Stiglitz and confirmed by various ecumenical discourses. For the purposes of this study ecumenical debates on globalization, called forth by the impact of the Accra Declaration on Globalization (2004), are discussed in some detail: the Agape Process within the World Council of Churches, the Stackhouse Project on Globalization and the joint Project on Globalization of the Uniting Reformed Church of Southern Africa and the Reformed Church in Germany. The results of the study show a convergence in ethical concerns and the strengthening of ethical discourse between critical economists and ecumenical theologians, especially on extreme and ever-growing discrepancies between rich and poor, and the effect of unbridled economic activity on the future of our planet. It is hoped that this study will contribute towards ongoing inter-disciplinary work on the burning social-ethical issues facing humanity and our earth.

Women who spend more time on social media platforms have a greater chance of developing symptoms of depression (Burnborg & Burdzovic, 2019). When women are using social media, they spend the majority of their time looking at the lives and social accomplishments of other users. This comparison may cause them to experience hopelessness, anxiety, and depression (Litchtfuss, 2019). Women are the most likely to experience symptoms of depression (Harvard Health, 2011). With the increased popularity of social media, depression is becoming a growing problem. Published research shows a relationship between social media and depression (Burnborg & Burdzovic, 2019). It would be beneficial to examine college-aged females specifically at Mississippi State University, a gap in previous research. This research will look at Instagram, Facebook, Snapchat, Twitter, Tik Tok, Pinterest, and YouTube to evaluate which social media platforms are used the most in individuals who are ranked on a depression scale created by Kroenke (Kroenke, 2001). This research is important because depression is becoming a growing problem among college-aged women and social media is prevalent in most lives.

The benefits of undergraduate student research are vast and have been well documented by the literature (Lopatto, 2003, 2010; O’Donnell, Botelho, Brown, Gonzalez, & Head, 2015; Russell, Hancock, & McCullough, 2007) despite barriers that have withstood the test of time (Wayment & Dickson, 2008). The current workshop will be led by a faculty-student duo, both with extensive experience in undergraduate research. Using evidence-based research, presenters will provide an overview of the benefits and barriers to undergraduate research and will present a logic model used for successful faculty-student collaboration. An interactive component of this workshop will prompt audience members to construct personal logic models to specifically explore their goals and feasibility in undergraduate research programming.

While reducing food insecurity is a major health initiative, most studies and programs focus only on health-related outcomes and not on other types of hardships. This secondary data analysis of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study examined the relationship between food insecurity and housing instability with social support, parental depression, and material hardship in vulnerable fathers. Using structural equation modeling on Wave 3 data, the final resulting model was X2 (4, N= 4898) = 3.72 at p = .444. For fathers, material hardship, depression, social support impact the relationship between food insecurity and housing instability. This research has implications for programs and services that may serve low income, single, or minority fathers and families to provide supports to improve food and house instabilities. Agencies and organizations should examine material hardship, not just health-related outcomes. They should provide services for mental health concerns as well as facilitate greater social support.

Thesis (MTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The history of migration is as old as that of mankind. However, the magnitude of its impact is extremely acute today as we are confronted by the manifold consequences of globalisation. Scores of people from different parts of the world leave their homes every day in quest of personal, economic, political, social, environmental, emotional and spiritual freedom or security, amongst other things. In South Africa, the local population has been witnessing floods of such people entering the country since 1994. They all have one thing in common: enduring foreignness and all its consequences at liberty rather than living with neither liberty nor safety in their own countries. However, most South Africans understand less the context of the circumstances that lead to asylum-seeking or the challenges that asylum seekers and refugees among them face on a daily basis. They less appreciate refugees’ contribution in the country’s development and even lesser, the little attempts by refugees to prompt transformative change in the community. As a result, intolerance emerges and xenophobia transpires. There is a serious need to educate the society on the issues concerning refugees. This research explores different perspectives of forced human displacement (particularly the refugee phenomenon) with the purpose of finding better ways to educate the society on such matters. So, what should the church’s contribution be in educating the population on the question of refugees? In this study we prove that, first of all, the church is to provide refugees with a sense of belonging and homely warmth. That is, it should be the truest sanctuary for refugees by receiving them rather than keeping them apart. Then, it should build a bridge of understanding between refugees and the hosting community. This means the church is to be the reconciler of the two communities. Hence, this bridge of understanding is reconciliatory and leads to transformational development in society. The study is a collection of academic reflections, theological insights and empirical data from 271 participants nationwide. It is a multidisciplinary study (albeit researched within the frames of practical theology) that promotes human dignity for all. This it does by taking the challenges related to the refugee phenomenon and turning them into opportunities to be explored for the benefit of the community. Based on our findings, we give some recommendations to assist community workers and guide policy makers in their attempts to effect transformational change in the community and be effectively responsive to the needs of refugees in South Africa. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die geskiedenis van menslike verskuiwing of migrasie is so oud soos dié van die mensdom. Die impak daarvan is egter deesdae baie ernstig soos wat ons gekonfronteer word met die veelvuldige gevolge van globalisering. Massas mense van verskillende dele van die wêreld verlaat elke dag hul woonplekke op soek na persoonlike, ekonomiese, politieke, sosiale, omgewings-, emosionele en geestelike vryheid of sekuriteit. In Suid-Afrika kan die plaaslike bevolking getuig van ‘n vloedgolf van sulke mense wat die land inkom sedert 1994. Hulle het almal een ding in gemeen: blywende vreemdelingskap en al die gevolge daarvan op die persoon se vryheid eerder as om te lewe met geen vryheid en geen veiligheid in hul eie lande. Die meeste Suid-Afrikaners verstaan nie die konteks van die omstandighede wat kan lei tot die soek van asiel of die uitdagings wat asielsoekers en vlugtelinge moet aanskou elke dag. Hulle waardeer nie vlugtelinge se bydrae tot die ontwikkeling van die land nie en nog minder die vlugtelinge se beperkte pogings om transformerende verandering in die gemeenskap te bewerk. As gevolg hiervan kom onverdraagsaamheid na vore en raak xenofobie sigbaar. Daar is 'n ernstige behoefte om die gemeenskap op te voed oor die kwessies rakende vlugtelinge. Hierdie navorsing verken verskillende perspektiewe oor menslike migrasie (veral die vlugtelinge-verskynsel) met die doel om beter maniere van gemeenskapsopvoeding te vind rakende sulke sake. Wat behoort die kerk se bydrae te wees tot die opvoeding van die bevolking oor die kwessie van vlugtelinge? In hierdie studie het ons bewys dat dit eerstens die kerk se taak is om 'n gevoel van ‘behoort’ en huislike warmte te verskaf. Dus moet dit ‘n ware toevlugsoord vir vlugtelinge wees waar hulle ontvang word eerder as om hulle op ‘n afstand te hou. So behoort dit 'n brug van begrip te bou tussen vlugtelinge en die gasheer-gemeenskap. Dit beteken dat die kerk die versoener van die twee gemeenskappe behoort te wees. Hierdie brug van begrip is versoenend en lei dus tot transformasie-ontwikkeling in die samelewing. Die studie is 'n versameling van akademiese oorwegings, teologiese insigte en empiriese data van 271 deelnemers landwyd. Dit is 'n multidissiplinêre studie (alhoewel die navorsing binne die raamwerk van die praktiese teologie gedoen is) wat menswaardigheid vir almal bevorder. Die word gedoen deur die uitdagings wat verwant is aan die vlugtelinge-verskynsel te gebruik en te omskep in geleenthede wat ondersoek kan word tot die voordeel van die gemeenskap. Gegrond op ons bevindinge, gee ons 'n paar aanbevelings om gemeenskapswerkers en gids beleidmakers by te staan in hul pogings om transformasie in die gemeenskap te bewerkstellig en effektief te reageer op die behoeftes van vlugtelinge in Suid-Afrika.

In 2004, a Tsunami had devastating effects on the province of Tamil Nadu, India. In the community’s re-building process, many elders were forced to live in areas of the coastal region referred to as “Grannie Dumps,” because their homes were destroyed. With the monetary help of HelpAge International and the guidance of Michael Etherton, these elders are now part of an active, healthy community named Tamaraikulam Elders Village (TEV) that wants to tell its story. In March 2008, Michael Etherton attended a Workshop/Performance of GeriActors & Friends (G&F), an intergenerational theatre company from Edmonton, AB. I was G&F’s Assistant Director. After this, Etherton connected me with HelpAge India and TEV, realizing that the methods used with G&F would benefit TEV. Starting in January 2013 and completing in June 2015, under my direction, the University of Victoria’s Theatre Department assisted TEV in creating intergenerational theatre performance with various young people’s charity groups throughout the Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry region. The dissertation is structured as a reflective practitioner case study and is split into two sections. The first section of my work will communicate to the reader the events of the case study in India. The latter half of this work will be a collection of exegesis chapters reflecting upon the salient issues for the field of applied theatre research and practice which my research project brings up and how my reflections will affect my future practice while providing suggestions for how they could impact the entire field of applied theatre. / Graduate / gus@uvic.ca

Poverty alleviation through employment creation is the focus of the South African government and other developing economies. The SMME sector has been identified as the leading vehicle for the creation of employment opportunities. South Africa in particular went through a phase when economic growth did not translate into employment creation. Consequently the benefits of economic growth did not filter through to the unemployed. In South Africa there is a strong link between unemployment and poverty. Essentially the country experienced jobless growth and it is the poor who missed out on the possible benefits of economic growth. The challenge then for South Africa is to come up with a revolutionary approach to ensure that the country's poor are not excluded from the of benefits economic growth. Almost half of the South African population lives in poverty. Poverty and the consequences thereof are most pronounced among the African population. This is due to the South African history of apartheid which systematically excluded them from accessing economic opportunities. Bringing development to communities is the thinking behind local economic development (LED). The urgency for the country to address poverty lies in the fact that poverty is not a static phenomenon and if left unaddressed it may to lead more people being poor when the numbers are already overwhelming. Government has come up with various strategies for poverty alleviation, employment creation being the chief strategy. The SMME sector is the most prominent employer in South Africa, said to be responsible for over 61 % of all employment. Even given these figures of there are still high levels of unemployment in the country. Growing industries like the tourism sector present a lot of hope for the ambitions of employment creation and poverty alleviation in developing countries including South Africa. The focus of this study will be the South African tourism sector. / Thesis (M.Dev. Studies)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2009.