Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-22T14:02:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 wanessafrancoisedasilvaaquinodocarmo.pdf: 1256144 bytes, checksum: 6e8fb9c72df7ddb7a607c7b174b13339 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-25T18:54:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 wanessafrancoisedasilvaaquinodocarmo.pdf: 1256144 bytes, checksum: 6e8fb9c72df7ddb7a607c7b174b13339 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-25T18:54:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 wanessafrancoisedasilvaaquinodocarmo.pdf: 1256144 bytes, checksum: 6e8fb9c72df7ddb7a607c7b174b13339 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-14 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) tem apresentado aumento no número de casos em todo o mundo, afetando cerca de 7,6% da população brasileira. A doença ocorre, normalmente, após os 40 anos e tem como principais fatores de risco: obesidade, idade, sedentarismo e hábitos alimentares. Vários estudos têm apontado uma baixa aderência dos pacientes à dieta recomendada, uma vez que o ato de comer é bastante complexo e não significa apenas a ingestão de nutrientes, envolvendo também uma amplitude de emoções e sentimentos, além de valores culturais específicos. O tratamento medicamentoso, por sua vez, implica em esquecimento ou uso incorreto dos fármacos, principalmente na ausência ou baixa percepção de sintomas. Este estudo pretendeu analisar a compreensão que portadores de DM2 têm de sua doença e a experiência dos tratamentos medicamentoso e dietético que vivenciam. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram alguns pacientes da Associação dos Diabéticos de Juiz de Fora-MG. Optou-se pela pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter descritivo-exploratório. Os dados foram obtidos a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com os 17 frequentadores dos grupos educativos, homens e mulheres com faixa etária entre 55 a 78 anos. Além disso, permitiram a elaboração de quatro categorias de análise: O significado de ter diabetes; Convivendo com o diabetes; Práticas alimentares dos diabéticos e O uso dos fármacos pelos diabéticos. As análises mostraram resignação com a doença, valorização das limitações impostas pelas modificações na alimentação e uso constante dos fármacos, resiliência, maior autoestima e confiança no autocuidado, aparecimento das “licenças sociais” nos tratamentos dietético e medicamentoso, tendência a uma melhor adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso em relação ao dietético. Os resultados desta pesquisa apontam a necessidade de um atendimento por parte dos profissionais de saúde para além do biologicismo, considerando mais o doente e não só a sua doença, além da importância de outros estudos que possam subsidiar tomadas de decisão em nível educacional e político que venham ao encontro das necessidades destes pacientes e dos profissionais de saúde. / Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) has shown increasing numbers of cases worldwide, affecting about 7.6% of the Brazilian population. The disease usually occurs after the age of 40 and its main risk factors are obesity, age, sedentary lifestyle and nutrition. Several studies have indicated low rates of patient adherence to the recommended diet, since eating is rather complex and it does not just mean nutrient intake. It also involves a range of emotions and feelings, as well as specific cultural values. Drug treatment, however, implies forgetfulness or misuse of the drugs, particularly in the absence or low perception of symptoms. This study pursued to examine the insight of DM2 patients on their disease and the experience of medical and dietary treatments they experience. The subjects in this study were patients of the Diabetic Association of Juiz de Fora - MG. We opted for a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research. The data were obtained from semi-structured interviews with 17 individuals who regularly attend the educational groups; men and women from the ages of 55 to 78 years. Moreover, they allowed the elaboration of four categories of analysis: the meaning of having diabetes, living with diabetes, the eating habits of the diabetic, and the use of drugs by the diabetic. The analyses showed acceptance with the disease, appreciation of the limitations imposed by the changes in the diet and the constant use of medication, resilience, higher self-esteem and confidence in self-care, rise of "social licenses" in the dietary and drug treatments, propensity to a higher adherence rate to the drug treatment in relation to the dietary one. The results of this study indicate the need for care by the health professionals, beyond biologicism, considering more the patients themselves and not just their disease. In addition, the results show the importance of other studies, which can support decision making on educational and politician levels that might meet the needs of these patients and the needs of health professionals.

The study aims to identify the influence of socioeconomic factors on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes for individuals aged 27 and older in the Republic of Belarus. We analyze data from the Diabetes Survey conducted by the Endocrinology Medical Center in Minsk and the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus from 2011 to 2015. The association between socioeconomic factors and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is examined using logistic regression with sequential adjustments for clinical and behavioral predictors. Our findings indicate that individuals with lower income and educational levels are more likely to suffer from type 2 diabetes than those in higher income and education groups. Moreover, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes decreases as income and educational level go up. Furthermore, this association remains significant even after further adjusting for various behavioral and clinical factors. In addition, we confirm that type 2 diabetes is more prevalent among overweight / obese, physically inactive and older individuals. These findings suggest that strategies for preventive diabetes programs should be focused on socioeconomic environment rather than on individual risky behavior only.

Subclinical inflammation plays a pivotal role in the development of obesity- related complications including type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Macrophages are considered important players participating in the initiation and progression of subclinical inflammation within as well as outside of adipose tissue. The first part of this dissertation thesis was focused on macrophage characterization and their quantitative and qualitative changes accompanying metabolic improvements after bariatric surgery. We have demonstrated that the number of macrophages in subcutaneous adipose tissue is reduced regardless of their M1 or M2 polarization manifested as positivity of both the M1- associated CD40 antigen and the M2-associated CD163 and CD206 antigens 6 months after bariatric surgery. Thus, as suggested by previously published data, subcutaneous adipose tissue macrophages seem to have a mixed phenotype. We further confirmed a higher number of non- classical monocytes, which play a role in the control of vascular integrity, in obese subjects as well as a classical monocyte-derived origin of CD163 positive monocytes. Our data also support the previous suggestion of the soluble form of CD163 antigen being a suitable marker of metabolic complications of obesity. The second part...

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a worldwide spread disease of affluence which prevalence has been growing. Although, the probability of its manifestation is being linked above all with environmental factors, genetic susceptibility plays an important role too. The aim of this thesis was to find out the association of four polymorphisms with the risk of T2DM manifestation in Czech population. Polymorphisms rs10203174 THADA, rs6819243 MAEA, rs849135 JAZF1 and rs1552224 ARAP1 (CENTD2) were chosen based on their risk in British population. Methodology: We studied groups of 712 Czech patients with T2DM and 752 healthy controls selected as a random sample of Czech population in the post-MONICA study. For a genotypisation rs10203174 and rs6819243 we used the PCR-RFLP method. For an analysis of genotypes rs849135 and rs1552224 was used the real-time PCR method. The results were analysed via odds ratio (OR) a chi-square test. Results: In case of the rs1552224 variant, the risk was proved with statistical significance (P = 0,01). The value of OR for the risk allele T is 1,37 (95% CI 1,07-1,75). In case of the polymorphisms rs10203174, rs6819243 and rs849135 no significant association with the disease was proved. For rs10203174 the value of OR of the allele C is 1,20 (95% CI 0,91-1,56, P = 0,20), OR of...

This diploma thesis is focused on the knowledge of patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus. The main aim of this work is to determine how well these patients are educated about type 2 diabetes mellitus depending on both the duration of the disease and whether they attend a nutritional therapist. The work is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part provides general information about diabetes mellitus. There is a marginal description of pancreatic function and the history, definition and classification of diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, its pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, screening, therapy and associated complications, both acute and chronic, are discussed in more detail. As part of type 2 diabetes therapy there is the most discussed non-pharmacological treatment, which includes dietary measures and physical activity. The practical part was formulated on the basis of quantitative research, which was carried out using a questionnaire survey. Data were collected from November 2019 to March 2020. 150 questionnaires were distributed to different inpatient departments and clinics in Jičín Hospital. 106 completed questionnaires were returned, but 24 of them had to be rejected due to incomplete or incorrect completion. The research sample...

This diploma thesis focuses on the topic: "Influence of Exercise Intervention on Selected Physiological Parameters of Patients with DM Type 2." In the theoretical part, the main concepts are characterized - physical activity and inactivity, prevention, health, and civilisation diseases. From the civilization diseases, the issue of diabetes mellitus type 2 is substantially developed. In the practical part, the effect of physical activity, particularly walking 3 times a week for 60 min with low to medium loads, on selected anthropometric, biochemical, and physiological parameters is described in detail. The thesis compares an experimental group of 10 women and 10 men in the age of 45-60 years with a control group of 10 women and 10 men of the same age. The experiment was designed to be performed for three months from 09/2015 to 11/2015 and at the end the initial and final data on weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, glycaemia on an empty stomach, postprandial glycaemia, and glycated haemoglobin were compared.

The aim of this diploma thesis was to assess a level of health literacy of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, describe the nurse's competences in the field of patients' level of health literacy and map the occurrence of podiatric outpatient clinics in Czech Republic. In theoretical part, we were discussing the health literacy in nursing, what the health literacy means and why it is important to improve it. We mentioned the education and the role of nurse in nursing and how this role is related to health literacy. Then we focused on diabetes mellitus type 2, its characteristics, prevention, development of disease, treatment and the most common complications related to this disease. The lifestyle is closely related to this disease, therefore the rules of a healthy lifestyle are mentioned in the last section of theoretical part. Research part was divided into three areas. The first areas consisted of interviews with general nurses working in general practitioner's outpatient clinics. The second area consisted of two research groups. One group consisted of nurses working in inpatient wards and nurses working in specialized diabetological outpatient clinics. Second group consisted of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Third area was created with two interviews and participant observation. The research was conducted in cooperation Professor Kvapil and two nurse educators who are actively engaged in education of patients with diabetes mellitus and they are trained by Lilly Company. The research showed that increasing of health literacy depends by the greatest part on patient him-/herself, his/her interest, cooperation and attitude to change of his/her lifestyle. The most active nurses in the field of increasing health literacy were nurses working in specialized diabetological outpatient clinics, who are trying to increase the health literacy particularly by educational sessions with patients. Mapping the presence of podiatric outpatient clinics showed that these clinics are available in each region of Czech Republic. It is very important to improve the health literacy of patients with this disease thereby strengthening their health and reducing the risk of complications associated with this disease. The results of the research provide information about increasing the health literacy in relation to diabetes mellitus type 2.

Introduction: Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (hereinafter referred to as DM2T) are called the greatest epidemic of the 21st century. Its occurrence is on the rise not only in the Czech Republic but all around the world. Overweight and obesity are the key factors in developing DM2T, they are affecting the occurrence of the disease in men in 64 % and 77 % in women. Based on the observations, nearly 60 % of the population in the Czech Republic are considered obese or overweight. Bariatric/Metabolic surgery is one of the most effective treatments of the DM2T. Objectives: The objective of this thesis is to describe and analyze the effect of each bariatric surgery on the patients of 3rd Internal Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolism, General University Hospital and 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University in Prague within the first two years post-surgery. The same time period is observed to monitor the DM2T compensation depending on the type of bariatric surgery. Methodology: 128 patients were observed (including 52 patients diagnosed with DM2T), that underwent the bariatric surgery. The data were gathered from the medical records in the hospital's information system Medea. These data were further analyzed, processed and assessed in Microsoft Excel and also together with the agency STEM/MARK a.s....

(EN) Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are among metabolic disease with increasing incidence and prevalence. Last decade has been devoted to intensive research focused on pathophysiological mechanisms underlying development of these diseases. Besides environmental factors, lifestyle and amount and composition of food, adipose tissue is a key player in the pathogenesis of obesity and its metabolic complications including insulin resistance (IR) and T2DM. Primary aim of our work was to evaluate the role of recently discovered adipokine omentin and the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) and in peripheral monocytes (PM) in patients with obesity and T2DM with respect to the development of insulin resistance and diabetes. A total number of 118 subjects enrolled in the study were divided into three groups: patients with obesity and T2DM (T2DM group), obese non-diabetics (OB) and healthy lean subjects as a control group (KO). Study subjects underwent several types of interventions - 2 to 3 weeks of very-low calorie diet (VLCD, energy intake 600 kcal per day), regular physical activity program or bariatric surgery (laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, LSG). Results indicate that low serum omentin concentrations may contribute to development of obesity-associated...

Diploma thesis "Vliv řízeného tréninku na habituální pohybovou aktivitu pacientů s diabetes mellitus 2. typu" in the theoretical part deals with Type 2 diabetes (DM2T), its complications and possibilities of its therapy. Emphasis is put on physical activity as the main non-pharmacological mean influencing insulin resistance. The basic health aspects of physical activity, general recommendations and specific sport activities for DM2T patients are mentioned. We also focus on potential risks related to physical exercises. Furthermore, we examine habitual physical activity, meaning energy expenditure in daily activities. The objective of the practical part of this thesis is to determine the level of habitual physical activity of DM2T patients and to show how it is influenced by stationary bicycle exercises. The impact of regular physical activity on the health indicators, physical fitness and anthropometric parameters, is examined. The sample of patients includes 20 individuals with DM2T, who have completed insulin therapy and currently are cured with peroral antidiabetics and regime measures. Pedometer and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) are used in order to monitor habitual physical activity. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)