Darbo tikslas: nustatyti faktinį diarėjų ir pagrindinių rizikos veiksnių paplitimą tarp Lietuvos gyventojų. Metodika: atlikome paplitimo tyrimą, iš dešimties administracinių teritorijų kiekvieną mėnesį buvo apklausti po 10 respondentų. Per 12 mėnesių po 120 iš kiekvienos teritorijos, iš viso 1200 respondentų. Anketą sudarė 45 klausimai suskirstyti į tris dalis: demografiniai ir socialiniai duomenys, duomenys apie ligą, jos simptomus, gydymą ir duomenys apie pagrindinius rizikos veiksnius, mitybos ir asmeninės higienos įpročius. „Diarėja“ apibūdinama kaip viduriavimas 3 ir daugiau kartų per 24 valandas ir trunka ilgiau nei 1 parą. Duomenų rinkimui naudojome anketinės apklausos metodą. Duomenų suvedimą ir analizę atlikome EpiData 2.1., SPSS 11.0. ir WinPepi 1.55 programomis. Diarėjų paplitimą išreiškėme procentais, įverčio tikslumui įvertinti apskaičiavome pasikliautinuosius intervalus (PI) 95%, kategorinių duomenų analizei panaudojome &#967; kvadrato metodą ir Fisher‘s tikslujį metodą. Naudojome statistinio reikšmingumo lygmenį &#945;=0,05, p<0,05 – skirtumas statistiškai reikšmingas. Ūmių žarnyno infekcijų tendencijai įvertinti taikėme Mantel tendencijos testą ir tiesinės regresijos metodą. Rezultatai: 1995-2005 metų periodo sergamumo ūmiomis žarnyno infekcinėmis ligomis tendencijų analizė parodė, kad didėjo bendras sergamumas salmonelioze, jersinioze, kampilobakterioze, rotavirusine infekcija ir nepatikslintomis bakterinėmis žarnyno infekcijomis. Stebima ryški šigeliozės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Aim: to estimate the actual prevalence of diarrhea and risk factors in the population of Lithuania. Methods: the investigation of prevalence was conducted by choosing 10 respondents every month from the ten administrative territories. 120 respondents from every territory within twelve month of the investigation, 1200 respondents in total. Self reported “diarrhea” was defined as >=3 loose stools during the last 24 hours, and lasted > 24 hours. For the collection of the data the questionnaire method was used. The collected data was analyzed using EpiData 2.1., SPSS 11.0. ir WinPepi 1.55 software. The prevalence of diarrhea episodes was expressed in percentage points, the precision was evaluated at the confidence intervals (CI) of 95%, the comparison of categorical data was made using &#967;2 test and Fisher‘s exact test. The level of significance equal to &#945;=0,05, p<0,05 was used – the difference was concluded to be significant statistically. The Mantel trend test and linear regression method was used to evaluate the trend of acute gastrointestinal infections. Results: the trends analysis of acute diarrhea illnesses within the period 1995-2005 has shown that the overall illness number of salmonellosis, yersiniosis, campylobacteriosis, rotavirus infection and other unspecified gastrointestinal infections was increasing. The sharp drop tendency of shigellosis illness was observed. 5% of respondents have had the diarrhea within the period of last four weeks. The differences... [to full text]

Assessment of occurrence and diagnostic methods of viral diseases in cattle – viral diarrhoea (BVD), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), rabies, enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), and spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) – was carried out for the first time in Lithuania. It was established that viruses of rabies, infectious rhinotraheitis and viral diarrhoea are most widespread in the country. It was determined that occurrence of rabies in cattle is parallel with the infection of wildlife with rabies virus. Analysis of eradication programme of enzootic bovine leucosis was done. It revealed that only combined application of diagnostic and preventive measures allowed reducing the cattle infection up to 0.2%. Though bovine spongiform encephalopathy has not been recorded in Lithuania, it is feasible to implement its diagnostic and prevention programme. An overall financial analysis of expenditures on BSE and viral diseases diagnostics and control was for the first time done in Lithuania. It showed that BSE and EBL occupied the leading positions in the structure of expenditures on viral diseases. In 2001, expenditures on BSE investigations accounted for 76.68% and in 2004 for 86.74% of the total. Expenditures on EBL investigations relatively reduced from 86.98% in 2000 to 8.47% in 2004. During the time under consideration, expenditures on investigations of other viral diseases changed but little. It was determined that consistent and wide-scale preventive vaccination created... [to full text]