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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Obten??o de filtro cer?mico a partir da diatomita e casca de arroz carbonizada visando tratamento de efluente t?xtil

Souza, Renata Priscilla de Araujo 17 October 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RenataPAS_DISSERT.pdf: 2030872 bytes, checksum: b1f1838ae20a1cf415bfd28d267a0046 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-17 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The effluents released by the textile industry have high concentrations of alkali, carbohydrates, proteins, in addition to colors containing heavy metals. Therefore, a filter was prepared aiming primarily to the removal of color. In order to prepare this filter, rice hulls and diatomite were used, which have in their structure, basically amorphous hydrated silica. The silica exists in three crystalline forms: quartz, tridymite and cristobalite. In accordance with the above considerations, this study was divided into two stages; the first corresponds to the preparation of the filter and the second to carry out the tests in the effluent/filter in order to verify the efficiency of the color removal. First, the raw material was subjected to a chemical analysis and XRD, and then the diatomite was mixed, via humid, with a planetarium windmill with 20 %, 40 %, 60 % and 80 % of rice husk ash. To the mixture, 5 % carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) was added as a binder at room temperature. The samples were uniaxially compacted into metallic matrix of 0.3 x 0.1 cm? of area at a pressure of 167 MPa by means of hydraulic press and then sintered at temperatures of 1,000 ?C, 1,200 ?C and 1,400 ?C for 1 h and submitted to granulometry test using laser, linear retraction, water absorption, apparent porosity and resistance to bending, DTA, TMA and XRD. To examine the pore structure of the samples scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used. Also tests were carried out in a mercury porosimeter to verify the average size of the pores and real density of the samples. In the second stage, samples of the effluent were collected from a local industry, whose name will be preserved, located in Igap?, in the State of Rio Grande do Norte - RN. The effluent was first pretreated before filtration and then subjected to a treatment of flotation. The effluent was then characterized before and after filtration, with parameters of color, turbidity, suspended solids, pH, chemical and biochemical oxygen demand (COD and BOD). Thus, through the XRD analysis the formation of cristobalite α in all samples was observed. The best average size of pore was found to be 1.75 μm with 61.04 % apparent porosity, thus obtaining an average 97.9 % color removal and 99.8 % removal of suspended solid / Os efluentes liberados pela ind?stria t?xtil possuem altas concentra??es de ?lcalis, carboidratos, prote?nas, al?m de corantes contendo metais pesados. Assim, foi produzido um filtro visando principalmente ? remo??o da cor. Para sua obten??o foi usado a casca de arroz carbonizada e a diatomita, que possuem basicamente s?lica amorfa hidratada na estrutura. A s?lica apresenta-se sob tr?s formas cristalinas: Quartzo, tridimita e cristobalita. De acordo com as considera??es citadas, este estudo foi divido em duas etapas, a primeira etapa corresponde ? obten??o do filtro e a segunda parte a realiza??o dos ensaios no efluente/filtro, tendo em vista verificar a efici?ncia da remo??o da cor. Primeiramente, a mat?ria-prima foi submetida a uma an?lise qu?mica e de DRX, em seguida a diatomita foi misturada, via ?mido, em um moinho planet?rio com 20 %, 40 %, 60 % e 80 % de cinza de casca de arroz. Foi adicionada a mistura 5 % de carboximetilcelulose (CMC) como ligante a temperatura ambiente. Os corpos de prova foram compactados uniaxialmente em matriz met?lica de 0,3 x 0,1 cm? de ?rea a uma press?o de 167 MPa atrav?s de prensa hidr?ulica e posteriormente sinterizados em temperaturas de 1.000?C, 1.200?C e 1.400?C por 1 h e submetidos a ensaios de granulometria a laser, retra??o linear, absor??o de ?gua, porosidade aparente, resist?ncia ? flex?o, DTA, DTG e DRX. Para analisar a estrutura de poros das amostras foi utilizado um microsc?pio eletr?nico de varredura (MEV) e foi realizados ensaios em um poros?metro de merc?rio para verificar o tamanho m?dio dos poros e densidade real das amostras. Na segunda etapa, foi feito a coleta das amostras do efluente de uma empresa, cujo nome ser? preservado, alocada em Igap? RN. O efluente sofreu um pr?-tratamento antes da filtra??o sendo assim submetido a um tratamento de flota??o. O efluente foi ent?o caracterizado antes e depois da filtra??o, com par?metros de cor, turbidez, s?lidos suspensos, pH, demanda qu?mica e bioqu?mica de oxig?nio (DQO e DBO). Assim, atrav?s da analise de DRX, foi observado forma??o de cristobalita α em todas as amostras. O melhor tamanho m?dio de poro encontrado foi de 1,75 μm com porosidade aparente foi 61,04 %, obtendo assim uma remo??o de cor m?dia de 97,9 % e remo??o de s?lido suspensos de 99,8 %

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