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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Kvalita edukace těhotných žen v oblasti stravování během gravidity a návrh na její zlepšení / Quality of education of pregnant women in nutrition during gravidity and suggestion for its improvement

Matoušková, Barbora January 2016 (has links)
The Diploma thesis deals with nutrition of women during pregnancy. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part summarizes the dietary recommendations for pregnant women. The practical part is divided into two parts - a research and an educational part. In the research section are evaluated results of the survey, which pointed to some gaps in the knowledge of the respondents. It was also found, that the respondents are not satisfied with nutritional information that they receive from medical staff, and therefore use other information sources. Even for women with higher level of education is difficult to understand to information from different sources. For these reasons, in the educational part of the thesis has been prepared a simple material that would help women to understand dietary changes during pregnancy, including risk factors. The material is intended for women without special dietary measures and in its creation were used informations from the theoretical part. KEYWORDS nutrition, pregnancy, diet, fetus, education
2

Dinâmica de degradação in vitro da fibra em detergente neutro de forragens tropicais em função de suplementação protéica e/ou energética / In vitro degradation dynamics of tropical forages neutral detergent fiber according to protein and/or energy supplementation

Costa, Viviane Aparecida Carli 02 October 2006 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:55:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 338504 bytes, checksum: 1d5ec3b26be107cc6435dba9aa861024 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-10-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The current thesis was based on two in vitro trials aiming at assessing the effect of protein and/or energy supplementation on ruminal degradation of fibrous carbohydrates of tropical forages. At Experiment 1, it was evaluated the effect of protein and/or energy supplementation on the utilization of fibrous carbohydrates from low quality forage by ruminal microorganisms. The experiment simulated the supplementation of finishing cattle grazing low quality Brachiaria decumbens pasture during the dry season (70:30 forage to concentrate ratio, as dry matter basis). The concentrate used was formulated to contain 30% of crude protein, using starch as the energetic source and casein as the proteic source. The treatments were established by omission of the proteic and/or energetic source of the supplement, associated with the total substitution of starch by pectin. In that way, six treatments were evaluated: 1. Forage; 2. Forage plus Starch; 3. Forage plus Pectin; 4. Forage plus Casein, 5. Forage plus Casein plus Starch and 6. Forage plus Casein plus Pectin. The treatments were evaluated under ruminal environment, simulated by in vitro incubation, where the experimental diets were submitted to different incubation periods: 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The incubation procedure was repeated four times in a way that four evaluations within each incubation time were done for each treatment. The incubation residues were evaluated according to its content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and interpreted using a non-linear logistic model. It was observed that the degradation rate of the potentially degradable NDF (pdNDF) increased almost 46% with casein supplementation (0.0261 and 0.0381 h-1), resulting in an increment of 14.6% in the effective degraded fraction. A minor effect was observed with the inclusion or substitution of the supplemental carbohydrate source. The starch supplementation resulted in reduction on the degradation rate of pdNDF, whereas pectin supplementation did not affect this parameter, when compared to the treatment without carbohydrate supplementation. In the presence of casein, the starch supplementation raised the discrete lag time of NDF degradation. At Experiment 2, it was evaluated the effect of protein and/or energy supplementation on ruminal degradation of fibrous carbohydrates from high quality forage. The evaluation procedures and the forage to concentrate ratio were similar to those used at Experiment 1. Instead of Brachiaria decumbens, samples of elephant-grass (pennisetum purpureum, 21 days of regrowth) were used as basal forage. The treatments were established by omission of the proteic and/or energetic source of the supplement, associated with total substitution of starch by pectin and of crude protein from casein by crude protein from the mixture urea:ammonium sulfate (9:1). The nine treatments were: 1. Forage; 2. Forage plus Starch; 3. Forage plus Pectin; 4.Forage plus Casein; 5. Forage plus Casein plus Starch; 6. Forage plus Casein plus Pectin; 7. Forage plus Urea; 8. Forage plus Urea plus Starch and 9. Forage plus Urea plus Pectin. When submitted to exclusive supplementation of protein or energy, it was detected a reduction in the pdNDF degradation rate. On the other hand, the negative effects of the individual supplementation with protein or energy were or not eliminated according to the final composition of the supplement. The negative effects of the individual supplementation on the pdNDF degradation rate were maintained when casein and pectin or starch and urea were used concomitantly. Conversely, similar degradation rates to that of the basal forage were obtained with the combinations pectin and urea, and starch and casein. / A presente tese foi elaborada com base em dois experimentos in vitro com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da suplementação protéica e/ou energética sobre a degradação ruminal dos carboidratos fibrosos de forragens tropicais. No Experimento 1, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da suplementação protéica e/ou energética sobre a utilização dos carboidratos fibrosos de forragem de baixa qualidade. O experimento simulou a suplementação de bovinos em terminação sob pastejo em Brachiaria decumbns de baixa qualidade durante o período seco (70% de forragem e 30% de concentrado, com base na matéria seca). O concentrado referente ao tratamento base foi formulado de forma a apresentar 30% de proteína bruta (PB), utilizando-se amido, como componente energético, e caseína, como componente protéico. Os tratamentos foram construídos a partir da omissão do fornecimento das fontes protéica e/ou energética do suplemento, associando-se, ainda, a substituição total do amido por pectina. Desta forma, seis foram os tratamentos avaliados: 1.Forragem; 2.Forragem + Amido; 3.Forragem + Pectina; 4.Forragem + Caseína; 5.Forragem + Caseína + Amido ; e 6.Forragem + Caseína + Pectina. Os tratamentos foram avaliados em ambiente ruminal simulado por incubação in vitro sendo submetidos a diferentes tempos de incubação: 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 e 96 horas. O procedimento de incubação foi repetido quatro vezes, perfazendo-se o total de quatro avaliações por tempo de incubação para cada tratamento. Os resíduos de incubação foram avaliados quanto ao teor de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), e interpretados por intermédio de modelo nãolinear logístico . Observou-se que a taxa de degradação da FDN potencialmente degradável (FDNpd) foi ampliada em cerca de 46% com a suplementação com caseína (0,0261 e 0,0381 h-1), resultando em incrementos da ordem de 14,6% sobre a fração efetivamente degradada. Observou-se efeito de menor amplitude com a inclusão ou alteração da fonte de carboidrato suplementar. A suplementação com amido causou redução na taxa de degradação da FDNpd, ao passo que a suplementação com pectina não afetou este parâmetro em comparação à ausência de carboidratos. Na presença de caseína, a suplementação com amido elevou o tempo de latência discreta para início do processo de degradação da FDN. No Experimento 2 objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da suplementação protéica e/ou energética sobre a degradação ruminal dos carboidratos fibrosos de forragem de alta qualidade. Os procedimentos de avaliação e a relação forragem:concentrado e o teor de PB no suplemento foram similares ao experimento 1, utilizando-se contudo amostras de capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum) com 21 dias de rebrotação como forragem basal. Os tratamentos foram construídos a partir da omissão do fornecimento da fonte protéica e/ou energética do suplemento, associando-se ainda a substituição total do amido por pectina e da proteína bruta oriunda da caseína por proteína bruta oriunda da mistura uréia:sulfato de amônio (9:1). Desta forma, nove foram os tratamentos avaliados: 1.Forragem; 2.Forragem + Amido; 3.Forragem + Pectina; 4.Forragem + Caseína; 5.Forragem + Caseína + Amido; e 6.Forragem + Caseína + Pectina; 7. Forragem + Uréia; 8.Forragem + Uréia + Amido; e 9.Forragem + Uréia + Pectina. Observou-se decréscimo na taxa de degradação FDNpd, quando essa foi submetida a suplementação exclusiva com fontes energéticas ou protéicas. Por outro lado, os efeitos deletérios individuais das suplementações protéica ou energética foram ou não eliminados de acordo com a composição final dos suplementos. Os efeitos deletérios individuais sobre a taxa de degradação da FDNpd foram mantidos pela utilização concomitante de caseína e pectina ou amido e uréia . Por outro lado, taxas de degradação similares ao tratamento basal (forragem) foram obtidas com as combinações pectina e uréia ou amido e caseína.

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