Dietary zinc deficiency was induced in four healthy male volunteers. The diet used was high in phytate (phytate:zinc molar ratio 381) and the depletion period was preceded by a 3 day starvation period. In the depletion period, there was a significant decrease in plasma zinc and urinary zinc excretion. The subjects also adapted to the low zinc intake by decreasing the faecal excretion of zinc. One subject (No.2) developed clinical signs of zinc deficiency and also had the lowest plasma zinc concentration at the end of the depletion stage. Whole body protein turnover was assessed by an 8hr primed constant infusion of Li-[1-¹³C]leucine. Zinc deficiency had an effect on whole body protein turnover in only one subject (No. 2). In this subject, there was a decrease in leucine oxidation (71%), protein synthesis (31%) and degradation (39%). In this group as a whole, zinc depletion was associated with a significant decrease in urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine. Zinc deficiency appeared to have no effect on substrate utilization. With regard to zinc kinetics, zinc deficiency was associated with a significant decrease in the size of the plasma zinc pool and a liver pool. There was also a decrease in the flux between these two zinc pools, and an increase in the fractional decay of zinc from the plasma pool to the liver pool. Two further studies were carried out. In 4 volunteers the effect of a 3 day starvation period on whole body protein turnover and zinc kinetics was investigated. There was a significant increase in leucine oxidation and in the size of a liver zinc pool. In 6 volunteers, the effect of phytate on zinc kinetics was investigated. The addition of phytate to the test meal, (phytate:zinc molar ratio 88) was associated with a decrease in the size of a liver zinc pool.

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In order to test the hypothesis that pregnant women are responsive to nutrition education aimed at altering dietary behaviour (irrespective of social or demographic consideration) four studies were conducted on women resident in Aberdeen. Valid and reliable methods of assessing nutrition knowledge, attitudes to healthier eating (based on the Theory of Reasoned Action model) and dietary intake were developed from a number of formative research and pilot studies carried out in the local population. The results from the major studies indicated that women change their diets during early pregnancy (i.e. before attending ante-natal clinics) and these changes are maintained throughout gestation, but are not related to nutrition knowledge. The response of pregnant women to nutrition education was to increase knowledge about nutrition but no effect was detected on attitudinal variables or dietary intake. Multiple Regression analysis of the socio-demographic characteristics, nutrition knowledge, attitude, and dietary intake of women who have not received formal nutrition education during pregnancy suggest that knowledge about nutrition has a limited impact on diet, whereas social class and smoking may have a greater effect. Attitudinal variables, including Subjective Norm (or social pressure), will also exert an effect on dietary intake. The implication of these studies is that future nutrition education programmes need to commence well before pregnancy in order to alter diet during pregnancy. Future programmes could usefully assess ways of influencing Attitude and Subjective Norm and evaluate the impact of targeting these variables as a means to changing dietary behaviour.

Thesis (DBA(DoctorateinBusinessAdministration))--University of South Australia, 2003.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2001. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Thesis--PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Lund University, 1994. / Published in conjunction with Department of Cariology, Faculty of Odontology, Göteborg University. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Baylor University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 131-139).