Replacement of physical rear-view mirrors with digital offer new possibilities for vision enhancements and supplementary information that could facilitate driving. However, the invehicle support systems and information contribute to increased mental workload of the driver and inadequate Human Machine Interface (HMI) can lead to distraction and impaired driving performance. Therefore, it is crucial to explore what relevant information can be implemented and how it should be designed regarding cognitive ergonomics to promote human information processing. The aim of the project was to create one or more concepts for supplementary information that could be implemented in the digital mirrors in order to increase driver’s awareness of the surroundings and therefore contribute to improved road safety. The design process consisted of a pre-study regarding cognitive ergonomics followed by three iterations including user interaction, literature studies, concept generation and evaluation with respect to acquired theoretical knowledge and tests with professional truck drivers. This approach allowed for identification of user demands and development a refined user oriented solution. The final concept was evaluated in a driving simulator with ten truck drivers to investigate potential effects on driver performance regarding detection of obstacles in blind spots, vehicle control and subjective opinions considering perceived mental workload and user acceptance. The evaluation resulted in significantly improved detection rate of vehicles in blind spots with the developed concept. Longitudinal and lateral vehicle control was not affected hence, the additional information did not distract the drivers. Furthermore, the drivers perceived mental workload was not increased and the user acceptance was significantly improved after the test indicating that drivers’ expectations were met and furthermore exceeded. The results of the study suggest that supplementary information in digital mirrors can be beneficial for improving driver’s awareness of the surroundings and should be further investigated. / Ersättning av fysiska backspeglar i lastbilar skapar förutsättningar för kompletterande visuell information som kan bidra till säkrare körning. Informationskällor i fordon kan vara en bidragande faktor till ökad mental belastning hos förarna och bristfällig användargränssnitt kan leda till distraktion och nedsatt körprestation. Därmed är det väsentligt att undersöka vilken typ av visuell information som kan implementeras i de digitala speglarna samt hur den ska utformas med avseende på kognitiv ergonomi. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka vilken relevant information som kan inkluderas i de digitala speglarna för att bidra till ökad medvetenhet om omgivningen hos förarna och därmed till ökad trafiksäkerhet. Utvecklingsprocessen bestod av en förundersökning av de ergonomiska aspekterna följd av tre iterationer bestående av användarundersökning, litteraturstudier, generation av koncept samt utvärdering utifrån erhållen teoretisk kunskap och användartester med yrkesförare. Denna metod möjliggjorde att identifiera användarkrav och utveckla en lösning anpassad efter förarnas behov. Det slutliga konceptet utvärderades i en körsimulator med tio lastbilschaufförer för att undersöka dess potentiella effekter på förarens prestationsförmåga med avseende på detektering av hinder i döda vinklar, fordonskontroll och subjektiva åsikter angående mental arbetsbelastning och användaracceptans. Resultaten påvisade signifikant förbättring av detektion av fordon i de döda vinklarna med det utvecklade konceptet. Kontrollen av fordonet påverkades ej vilket tyder på att informationen inte upplevdes som distraherande. Den subjektiva mentala belastningen ökades inte och användaracceptansen förbättrades signifikant efter testet vilket indikerar att förarnas förväntningar uppfylldes. Resultaten av studien tyder på att kompletterande information i digitala speglar kan vara fördelaktig för att förbättra förarnas medvetenhet om omgivningen och bör utredas vidare.

This Master Thesis was conducted in the Industrial Design Engineering program at theChalmers University of Technology in collaboration with RISE and Volvo Cars. The aimwas to investigate the difference in driving performance between a traditional mirror, CameraMonitoring System (CMS), and CMS with augmented reality information (AR). It wasfurthermore to develop guidelines for applying this knowledge when designing CMS forincreased user performance in cars. Literature studies, expert interviews, workshops, anduser tests were used to discover this knowledge.The user test was conducted in a virtual environment, with four driving scenarios definedfor testing. The scenes and animations for the test were built in Unity, and the test wasconducted in a simulated driving environment with VR-rig. Four categories of data werecollected in the test. Twenty-one participants from Volvo Cars completed the test and providedrelevant feedback on the design of CMS & AR.The user test results revealed that the participants’ driving performance using CMS (withoutaugmented information) did not improve over traditional mirrors. Most participantsindicated that they would only upgrade from a traditional mirror to a CMS car with AR,rather than just a CMS car, as CMS did not provide enough benefit over traditional mirrors.The paper also discussed possible reasons behind this finding.The feedback and suggestions from the participants on the design of CMS & AR obtainedthrough questionnaires and interviews are organized into a guideline on the design ofCMS & AR. In addition, this paper gave recommendations for future study.Finally, this paper also discussed the challenges and experiences encountered in this study.Among them, the limitation of doing tests in a VR environment is highlighted to helpfuture CMS research and testing. / Safe Car Driving with Head Up Displays andCamera Monitor Systems: (SCREENS) (Vinnova Dnr: 2020-05129)