The aim of this work is to define relations between grain size and bioaktivity of oxide ceramics, specifically ZrO2, Al2O3 and HA. Ceramic materials with grain size from 100 nm up to 10 m, with various surface roughness, were tested for its bioactivity. Ceramography analysis was performed for all tested materials to precisely describe microstructures. Biological properties of the ceramic materials were tested via dilation tests directly in-vitro and by in-vitro extraction. Three cell culturing lines: osteoblast MG63, fibroblast L929, and epithelioid HeLa, were used for our testing. An influence of the grain size on the biological response was only found for the ceramic materials which had been thermally etched. The thermally etched nanocrystalline samples had larger areas covered by cells than ceramics with coarse grain microstructure. Biological tests on layered composites Al2O3×ZrO2 showed the cell selection determined by the type of material, where ZrO2 surfaces were preferably covered. Improved biological response of nanocrystalline ZrO2 was demonstrated on ceramic ZrO2, Al2O3 and SiO2 substrates with nanocrystalline coating of ZrO2. In this work a novel technological process for the formation of defect-free coatings was developed. Sintered coatings were tested using in-vitro technique with cell line HeLa, L929 and MG63 for up to 72 hours. The results of the biological tests of nanocrystalline coatings were consistent with results from the bulk nanocrystalline thermally etched ZrO2 ceramics.

Les maladies cardiométaboliques sont les principales causes de décès dans le monde, et au Canada elles sont responsables d'environ 700 000 décès par année. Le diabète de type 2 et la maladie coronarienne sont les maladies cardiométaboliques les plus répandues. Malgré des avancées pharmacologiques, la prévalence de ces maladies demeure élevée, ce qui souligne l'importance des thérapies complémentaires qui améliorent le contrôle glycémique ainsi que la fonction vasculaire afin de prévenir les complications liées à ces maladies. Depuis quelques années, l’exposition à la chaleur reçoit une attention accrue pour son potentiel thérapeutique. En outre, des études scientifiques suggèrent que l’exposition à la chaleur pourrait diminuer la glycémie et améliorer la fonction vasculaire. Cependant, le potentiel thérapeutique de l'exposition à la chaleur demeure sous-étudié chez les personnes atteintes du diabète de type 2 ou de la maladie coronarienne. L’objectif général de cette thèse était d’évaluer les effets aigus de l’exposition à la chaleur sur des marqueurs de la fonction cardiométabolique auprès de gens ayant un diabète de type 2 ou une maladie coronarienne. L’article 1 a déterminé l’effet aigu d’une immersion en eau chaude sur la sensibilité à l’insuline, la fonction vasculaire, les concentrations des protéines de choc thermique plasmatique (eHSP70/90) et intracellulaire (iHSP70/90), les marqueurs inflammatoires (IL-6, IL1-RA, NFKB) ainsi que sur les médiateurs de l'action de l'insuline (IRS-1, GLP-1) comparativement à une immersion thermoneutre au sein d’une population ayant le diabète de type 2. Les résultats démontrent qu’une immersion en eau chaude n’améliore pas la sensibilité à l’insuline, ni la fonction vasculaire et elle n’affecte pas les concentrations de HSP70 / 90 et les marqueurs inflammatoires. L’article 2 a déterminé l’effet aigu d’une exposition dans un sauna Finlandais sur la fonction vasculaire, des marqueurs de dysfonction endothéliale (VCAM-1, ICAM-1) et des marqueurs inflammatoires (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-1β, CRP) auprès de personnes ayant une maladie coronarienne. Les résultats démontrent qu’une séance de sauna Finlandais améliore la fonction endothéliale et augmente la concentration circulante d’IL-6 sans affecter d’autres marqueurs inflammatoires (IL-10, TNF-α, IL-1β, CRP) ainsi que des marqueurs de dysfonction endothéliale. Combinées, les deux études de cette thèse démontrent que l’exposition passive à la chaleur n’améliore pas de façon aiguë les marqueurs cardiométaboliques chez les personnes diabétiques de type 2. Par contre, la chaleur exerce un effet bénéfique sur la fonction endothéliale chez les personnes ayant une maladie coronarienne. / Cardiometabolic diseases are the leading cause of death globally, and in Canada they are responsible for approximately 700 000 deaths each year. Type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease are the most prevalent cardiometabolic diseases. Despite advancements in pharmacological treatments, the prevalence of these diseases remains high which underlines the importance of complementary therapies to prevent complications related to these diseases. In recent years, heat exposure has received attention for its therapeutic potential. Studies have demonstrated that heat exposure could be an effective method to decrease glycemia and improve vascular function. However, the therapeutic potential of heat exposure remains understudied in people with type 2 diabetes or coronary artery disease. The general objective of this thesis was to evaluate the acute effects of heat exposure on cardiometabolic markers in people with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. The first article of this thesis determined the acute effect of hot water immersion on insulin sensitivity, vascular function, plasma (eHSP70 / 90) and intracellular (iHSP70 / 90) heat shock protein concentrations, inflammatory markers (IL- 6, IL1-RA, NFKB) as well as mediators of insulin action (IRS-1, GLP-1) compared to thermoneutral water immersion in a population with type 2 diabetes. Findings from this study demonstrate that acute hot water immersion does not improve insulin sensitivity, vascular function or affect HSP70 / 90 concentrations and inflammatory markers. The second article of this thesis determined the acute effects of Finnish sauna bathing on vascular function, markers of endothelial dysfunction (VCAM-1, ICAM-1) and inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-10, TNF- α, IL-1β, CRP) in older adults with coronary artery disease. Results from this study demonstrate that one bout of Finnish sauna bathing improves endothelial function and increases the circulating concentration of IL-6 without affecting other markers of inflammation (IL-10, TNF-α IL-1β, CRP) or endothelial dysfunction. Combined, these results show that acute heat exposure does not acutely improve cardiometabolic markers in people with type 2 diabetes. On the other hand, heat exposure has a beneficial effect on endothelial function in people with coronary artery disease.

Diploma thesis includes design and examination of steel load-carrying structure. Construction includes car deal warehouse and car repair shop with extension for car varnishing. Car deal warehouse has ground dimensions 22 x 30 m and total high 10 m. Main frame is composed of Vierendeel trusses with arc shape. Car repair shop has ground dimensions 20 x 30 m and total high 10 m. Main frame is composed of truss girders and web-plate columns. Frame extension has ground dimension 20 x 10 m and total high 6,4 m. Cladding is composed of sandwich panels. Store´s gable wall and a part of the roof are glass. Climatic load is intended for locality Ostrava.