The aim of this thesis is to analyse register variation among Czech internet texts. The method is based on multi-dimensional approach introduced by Douglas Biber. The initial part of the thesis describes various salient features of internet-based texts with their characteristics and examples. The following part offers an overall description of language variation research. The multi- dimensional analysis is then thoroughly described step-by-step. The practical part of the thesis pursues a multi-dimensional analysis of data sample obtained from a web-crawled corpus of Czech language, following the method of implementation of multi-dimensional analysis done on Czech language material. On the basis of the results, the characteristics of internet sub- registers are proposed.

Our main objective is to design Dimensional Analysis (DA) algorithms for the multidimensional dialect PyLucid of Lucid, the equational data flow language. The significance is that the DA is indispensable for an efficient implementation of multidimensional Lucid and should aid the implementation of other data flow systems, such as Google’s TensorFlow. Data flow is a form of computation in which components of multidimensional datasets (MDDs) travel on communication lines in a network of processing stations. Each processing station incrementally transforms its input MDDs to its output, another (possibly very different) MDD. MDDs are very common in Health Information Systems and data science in general. An important concept is that of relevant dimension. A dimension is relevant if the coordinate of that dimension is required to extract a value. It is very important that in calculating with MDDs we avoid non-relevant dimensions, otherwise we duplicate entries (say, in a cache) and waste time and space. Suppose, for example, that we are measuring rainfall in a region. Each individual measurement (say, of an hour’s worth of rain) is determined by location (one dimension), day, (a second dimension) and time of day (a third dimension). All three dimensions are a priori relevant. Now suppose we want the total rainfall for each day. In this MDD (call it N) the relevant dimensions are location and day, but time of day is no longer relevant and must be removed. Normally this is done manually. However, can this process be automated? We answer this question affirmatively by devising and testing algorithms that produce useful and reliable approximations (specifically, upper bounds) for the dimensionalities of the variables in a program. By dimensionality we mean the set of relevant dimensions. For example, if M is the MDD of raw rain measurements, its dimensionality is {location, day, hour}, and that of N is {location, day}. Note that the dimensionality is more than just the rank, which is simply the number of dimensions. Previously, there’s extensive research on dataflow itself, which we summarize. However, an exhaustive literature search uncovered no relevant previous DA work other than that of the GLU (Granular Lucid) project in the 90s. Unfortunately the GLU project was funded privately and remains proprietary – not even the author has access to it. Our methodology is that we proceeded incrementally, solving increasingly difficult instances of DA corresponding to increasingly sophisticated language features. We solved the case of one dimension (time), two dimensions (time and space), and multiple dimensions. We also solved the difficult problem (which the GLU team never solved) of determining the dimensionality of programs that include user defined functions, including recursively defined functions. We do this by adapting the PyLucid interpreter (to produce the DAM interpreter) to evaluating the entire program over the (finite) domain of dimensionalities. As a result, the experimentally validated algorithms in our dissertation can produce useful upper bounds for the dimensionalities of the variables in multidimensional PyLucid programs. That also includes those with user-defined functions / Graduate

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第20245号 / 医博第4204号 / 新制||医||1020(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 松田 道行, 教授 羽賀 博典, 教授 鈴木 茂彦 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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No / In this paper, a new three-dimensional spline finite strip method (spline FSM) is introduced. This is done by combining the classical spline finite strip method [1] and the state space approach. According to the traditional spline FSM, a laminated plate is divided into strips. Within each strip, the spline FSM calls for the use of simple polynomials and a continuously differentiable spline function, respectively, in the transverse and in-plane directions. In the through-thickness direction, the state space method is used to compute the distribution of displacements and stresses. The combination of the in-plane spline FSM and the out-of-plane state space formulations results in a global state space equation that is solved numerically by the precise time step integration method [2,3]. Apart from obtaining a three-dimensional solution, the new method has a unique feature that the final algebra equation system is independent of the number of material layers of a laminate. The main aim of this work is to establish the new solution procedure and validate the method. To this end, the work reported in the paper focus on laminated plates with arbitrary boundary conditions. Thus, the spline FSM is more flexible than the FSM in imposing boundary conditions. Future development is expected to extend the solution to more practical applications. From the numerical validation included, it can be seen clearly that the newly developed method can provide accurate three dimensional solutions for laminated composites, particularly, with continuous transverse stress distributions across material interfaces. This is normally difficult to obtain if a traditional three dimensional finite element is used, where only continuity of displacements across material boundaries are guaranteed. Apart from the above new feature, the new three-dimensional formulation always ends up with a global matrix whose dimension depends only on the number of strips and knots that a plate has been divided into, and is completely independent of the number of material layers of the plate.

Geosynthetic tubes filled with water are considered. The tubes can be used in applications to resist rising floodwaters. They can also be used to form breakwaters and protect shores from erosion. This thesis considers single and stacked tubes resting on a rigid and deformable foundation resisting rising hydrostatic headwater. Experiments were carried out to determine the behavior of a three-tube stacked configuration resting on a sand foundation. This study was a continuation of previous work on unstacked tubes. Many tests were performed to determine the deformation and stability of the system. A geosynthetic drain was placed beneath the tubes to prevent piping. The objective was to cause failure of the system in a sliding manner and formulate a hypothesis according to the placement of the drain beneath the tubes. In order to cause a sliding failure, a strapping system was developed to try and prevent the tubes from rolling. A single tube at rest, filled with water but with no external hydrostatic pressure, was considered for analysis first. The tube rested on a rigid foundation and was assumed to be infinitely long. The friction between the tube and the foundation was neglected, and the bending stiffness of the tube was assumed to be negligible. The tube material was assumed to be inextensible. Mathematica was used to solve the system of equations and compute the unknowns. Excel was used to plot the data and observe the behavior of the tubes. An analysis was also performed on a single tube with an apron attached, resting on a rigid foundation. The apron was attached on the rising headwater side to increase stability. The assumptions for the tube at rest were also applied in this analysis. Two cases were derived and analyzed: a case where the internal hydrostatic pressure remains constant, and a case where the cross-sectional area remains constant. For the second case, the internal pressure changes as the floodwater level rises. The results from this study demonstrated that water-filled tubes, stacked or with an apron attached, can be an effective alternative method to sandbags in resisting floodwaters. / Master of Science

Thesis (MScEng (Process Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING (MINERAL PROCESSING) in the Department of Process Engineering at the University of Stellenbosch / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The use of dimensional analysis to scale-up mechanically agitated flotation processes and to identify deficiencies in froth flotation plants was explored. The full range of operating variables was considered, such as particle size distribution, reagent suite, conditioning time, retention time, machine geometry, aeration, solids suspension, power requirements and turbulence. Dimensional analysis offers a methodology to combine variables into dimensionless groups to guide the scale-up process based on the notion of similarity. Ten dimensionless groups were developed and combined with metallurgical variables, such as liberation, reagents dosage and flow diagrams to produce a scale-up and evaluation tool, applicable to any mechanically agitated flotation process. In many hydrodynamic studies, the researchers considered hydrodynamic variables based on rotor diameter. In this case the hydrodynamic variables based on rotor diameter represent mechanism “ability”, while parameters based on cell diameter are considered “requirement”. Dimensionless groups have also been applied to the definition of basic parameters of the kinetic constant, such as floatability, bubble surface area flux and froth recovery factor. It also showed that the bubble surface area flux has a maximum with increased aeration, where similar models do not show this dependence. Analysis by computational fluid dynamics and Perspex modelling revealed valuable insight into the inner working of the Wemco flotation machine, such as air dispersion, turbulence levels, separation zones and solids concentration. Design changes to the rotor, disperser, hood and geometrical lay-out produced a marked improvement in flotation conditions. It also supported certain dimensionless numbers measured in full scale plants. Case studies confirmed that almost all flotation plants, irrespective of the minerals floated, suffer from the same deficiencies. Dimensional similitude offers a unique tool to identify these deficiencies and to predict the effect of recommended improvements. In almost every case where the fundamental requirement of similarity was applied, an improvement in performance was observed. Finally a new algorithm is proposed for the scale-up of flotation plants and the application is demonstrated in the design and testing of a pilot plant. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die gebruik van dimensionele analise in die opskaal van flottasieprosesse en die identifisering van flottasieaanlegprobleme is ondersoek. Die volle bereik van bedryfsveranderlikes is ondersoek, soos partikelgrootte, kondisioneringstyd, retensietyd, geometrie, lugvloei, suspensie van vastestowe, turbulensie en drywingsvereistes. Dimensielose analise is die proses waardeur veranderlikes deur wiskundige manipulasie gekombineer word in dimensielose groepe. Tien dimensielose groepe is ontwikkel en is tesame met metallurgiese veranderlikes soos vrystelling, reagensdosering en vloeidiagramme gekombineer om gebruik te word om gelykvormigheid te bewerkstellig. Hierdie proses is van toepassing op enige flottasieproses gebaseer op meganies geagiteerde toerusting. Dimensielose groepe is ook gebruik in die definisie en kwantifisering van turbulensie, agitasie, geometrie, suspensie van vastestowe, verspreiding van lug en drywingsvereistes. Daarbenewens is die groepe gebruik in die definisie van die basiese veranderlikes van die kinetiese konstante soos lugborreloppervlakvloed, suspensie, en herwinning in die skuimfase. Die groepe is ook gebruik in die bewys dat die lugborreloppervlakvloed ´n maksimum het met toename in lugvloei. In baie gevalle word hidrodinamiese veranderlikes uitgedruk in terme van die rotordiameter en in hierdie studie word dit beskou as meganisme “vermoë”. Die hidrodinamiese veranderlikes gebaseer op sel-diameter word beskou as “behoefte”. Berekeningsvloeidinamika en Perspex modellering het waardevolle insig verskaf in die binne-werking van die Wemco flottasiemasjien soos lugverspreiding, turbulensie en partikelkonsentrasie en is ook gebruik om sekere dimensielose getalle wat in volskaalse aanlegte gemeet is, te verifieer. Gevallestudies het bevestig dat feitlik alle flottasieaanlegte, ongeag die soort mineraal, gebuk gaan onder dieselfde afwykings. Dimensionele analise bied ‘n eenvoudige benadering om hierdie afwykings te identifiseer en om die effek van veranderings te voorspel. In alle gevalle waar die beginsels van gelykvormigheid slaafs gevolg is, het n merkbare verbetering in prestasie voorgekom. Ten slotte is ´n nuwe opskaleringsalgoritme ontwikkel en is die toepassing daarvan gedemonstreer deur die ontwerp en toets van ´n loodsaanleg, gebaseer op die Wemco geometrie.

In questo studio si analizza il linguaggio utilizzato nei blog che si occupano di storia dell'arte, genere diffuso online, tramite un corpus di 54 blogs pubblicati nel 2013. Nell'ambito della linguistica dei corpora, l'analisi permette di ridefinire le tradizionali categorie utilizzate per descrivere i blog, fornisce una descrizione tipologica dei post e dei commenti tramite l'utilizzo di un apposito software, oltre a descrivere il livello di specializzazione del linguaggio. Vengono infine riportati esempi di creatività linguistica in questo genere digitale. / This study analyses the language of “art blogs”, i.e. blogs dealing with art, through a specialised corpus of fifty-four blogs published during 2013. Both posts and comments are included in the present investigation into the linguistic character of art blogs. The methodological choices reflect the need for a multifaceted analysis which covers different aspects, from text typology to linguistic creativity and popularisation. A review of the relevant literature on blogs brings to light the need for a specific characterisation of art blogs, since they tend to have a blended style, which cannot be ascribed to the traditional categories of personal and thematic blogging. The distinctive features of posts and comments are then investigated through a multidimensional analysis which reveals that posts and comments are two different text types. Successively, the corpus is compared to a specialised corpus of art announcements, within the field of popularised and specialised discourse. Finally, several examples of linguistic creativity are explored and presented, thus showing that traditional descriptive paradigms are unsuited to analyse the outcomes of art bloggers.

A uniformidade de emissão ao longo de uma linha lateral de irrigação localizada em nível, está relacionada com a variação de pressão, ocasionada pela perda de carga durante o escoamento da água no tubo emissor e pela saída de água pelos emissores ao longo da linha lateral. Para calcular o comprimento máximo das linhas laterais, é necessário determinar de forma precisa essa variação de pressão para atender um critério pré-estabelecido de variação de vazão. O objetivo desse trabalho foi desenvolver metodologia para o cálculo da perda de carga em linhas laterais de gotejamento com emissores do tipo bóbi, para tal foram desenvolvidos dois modelos, um usando regressão linear múltipla e outro usando análise dimensional. Ambos tiveram como base equações de perdas de carga contínua no tubo e localizadas nos emissores disponíveis na literatura. As variáveis dessas equações ficaram definidas como variáveis de entrada para os modelos e foram determinadas em laboratório, usando 12 modelos de tubos emissores, com diferentes diâmetros, espaçamentos entre emissores e seções transversais médias dos emissores. Os dois modelos apresentaram ótimo ajuste aos dados observados, com coeficiente de determinação ajustado de 0,977 e 0,99 para os modelos obtidos a partir de regressão linear múltipla e a partir de análise dimensional, respectivamente. O modelo obtido a partir de análise dimensional considera a variação de diâmetro que o tubo sofre com a pressão da água. Ambos os modelos são de fácil uso. / The uniformity of emission along a lateral line of drip irrigation, is related of the pressure variation caused by head losses during the flow in dripline and the water outlet by emitters along the lateral line. To calculate the maximum length of lateral lines, we need to accurately determine the variation of pressure to meet a pre-established criterion of flow variation. The objective of this work was to develop methodology for calculating the head loss in driplines with emitters type \"bóbi\". For this we developed two models, one using multiple linear regression and one using dimensional analysis. Both were based on equations of continuos head losses in the tube and located in the emitters available in the literature. The equations of these variables were defined as input variables for the models and were determined in the laboratory, using 12 models driplines with different diameters, spacing between emitters and emitters of medium cross sections. Both models showed good fit to the data observados with a determination coefficient of 0.977 for the model obtained from multiple linear regression and to 0.99 obtained from dimensional analysis. The model obtained from the dimensional analysis considers the change in diameter than the tube suffers the water pressure. Both models are easy to use.

Os enrijecedores à flexão ou bending stiffeners contemplados neste trabalho são componentes estruturais auxiliares utilizados em linhas flexíveis em suas conexões com unidades flutuantes em sistemas de produção de petróleo offshore. A configuração destes acessórios deve conferir à instalação uma variação gradual da rigidez à flexão próximo ao ponto de fixação da linha flexível à unidade flutuante, diminuindo sua curvatura e suavizando o campo de tensões, evitando assim que a linha ultrapasse a curvatura máxima estabelecida em projeto. Na análise estrutural destes acessórios, diversas simplificações geométricas são consideradas e, em geral, os modelos propostos partem de uma geometria cônica simples. Na prática, entretanto, é comum a existência de unidades que envolvem até quatro diferentes seções. Este trabalho apresenta uma análise estrutural estática destes componentes complexos por meio de um modelo linear elástico, analiticamente formulado, que resulta em uma equação diferencial não-linear de segunda ordem com coeficientes variáveis. O problema matemático de valor de contorno é então solucionado numericamente com um código desenvolvido em Matlab®, usando uma função interna baseada no método de colocação em oposição ao método de tiros, freqüentemente usado em trabalhos anteriores. Finalmente, soluções previamente obtidas por outros autores com modelos analítico-numéricos e com elementos finitos são utilizadas para validar as soluções aqui obtidas, seguidas de uma análise paramétrica da geometria complexa de novos enrijecedores à flexão, além de breve discussão sobre análise dimensional e questões normativas relacionadas ao projeto destes acessórios. / The bending stiffeners discussed in this work are ancillary structural components installed on flexible lines at their connections with floating units in offshore oil production systems. The configuration of these accessories must provide the installation with a gradual variation of the bending stiffness near the lines attaching point, smoothing the curvature and the stress field of the compliant structure therein fixed, thus avoiding exceeding its designed structural bending limit. In the structural analysis of these accessories, several geometric simplifications are considered and, in general, the proposed models start from a simple conic geometry. In practice, however, bending stiffeners geometries are not so simple. Indeed, units consisting of four different sections are common. This work presents a parametric static structural analysis of these complex components by means of an analytically formulated linear elastic model, which results in a second order non-linear differential equation with variable coefficients. The ensuing mathematical boundary value problem is then solved numerically with a code developed in Matlab®, using an internal function based on the collocation method as opposed to the shooting method, frequently used in previous works. Finally, solutions obtained previously by other authors, with analytical-numerical and finite element models, are used to validate the solutions obtained herein, followed by a parametric analysis of the complex geometry of new bending stiffeners, besides brief related dimensional analysis and normative discussions.