No description available.

Cette thèse se propose de mettre au point, grâce aux nouveaux outils informatiques, une méthode d’étude originale de l’espace funéraire en offrant une restitution tridimensionnelle de la sépulture, de l’architecture aux sujets. La découverte en 2003, d’un secteur de la catacombe des Saints Pierre-et-Marcelin (Rome, Italie), encore inexploré et original dans son organisation, a initié ce travail. Plusieurs tombes, datées des Ier-IIIe s. ap. J.-C, accueillent une succession de dépôts d’un grand nombre d’inhumés. La complexité des ensembles funéraires de ce secteur a nécessité le recours à de nouvelles formes de représentation pour l’analyse. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’établir un protocole de modélisation des sépultures multiples adapté à la stratification complexe des dépôts. Nos recherches ont porté, dans un premier temps sur l’élaboration et le test d’un processus de modélisation adaptés aux deux tombes étudiées et dans un second temps sur l’analyse des temps chronologiques et de la gestion des dépôts. Nos recherches ont abouti à la mise au point d’une méthodologie d’acquisition et de restitution de l’ensemble des vestiges osseux, de l’appareil funéraire et de l’espace funéraire. La modélisation 3D a permis par la visualisation tridimensionnelle une étude fine individuelle, une analyse des relations entre les différents sujets et de l’évolution taphonomique des dépôts confirmant la simultanéité des dépôts au sein des niveaux et entre les niveaux en rapport avec une crise de mortalité.L’application d'un protocole d'enregistrement puis de restitutions sur cette catacombe pourra contribuer à l'élaboration d'une méthode pour l'approche des sépultures plurielles. / The aim of this thesis is to perform, with the help of new informatics tools, an original study method of funerary space and offers a three-dimensional modelling of burial from architecture to individuals. This work was initiated by the discovery in 2003 of Saint Peter and Marcellinus catacombs parts, unexplored and original in its organisation. Several tombs, dated of 1st-3rd s A.D, received many buried. The complexity of tombs of central sector catacombs needs a new type of representation for analysis. The thesis goal is to establish a modelling process for several burials, adapt with deposit complex stratification. At first, our study was about the conception and the test of a modelling protocol adapted to the two study tombs, and after, to analyze chronological times and deposit management. Our research has result to acquisition and restitution process development of all human remains, funerary device and funerary space. The 3D modelling permits by the 3D visualisation, an advanced study, analyses of relations between different individuals and taphonomic evolution of deposit which confirmed the simultaneous deposit into levels and between levels linked to death's crisis.The application of a record protocol then restitution on these catacombs must contribute to a conception method for the approach of plural burials.

Esta tese trata de examinar o fator espacial, elemento básico da arquitetura; investigar os atributos específicos; penetrar no importante campo da composição tridimensional, propriamente arquitetônica e da escolha dos conteúdos que figuram no ensino/aprendizagem de introdução à concepção arquitetônica, tendo como âmbito empírico a proposta metodológica da disciplina introdutória de projeto de arquitetura ministrada no primeiro período do curso de arquitetura e urbanismo da PUC Rio. A aproximação proposta para trabalhar o tema da modelagem tridimensional física é realizada por meio de duas vias paralelas. Numa delas, a partir da definição de modelos e maquetes, se percorre um estudo acerca de sua utilização como abordagem do conhecimento, método e processo da concepção arquitetônica, trazendo um rastreamento minucioso e abrangente do tema. Enquanto a outra via se apresenta o trabalho empírico - sem pretensões de balizar definitivamente os saberes únicos - de conteúdos de aprendizagem trazidos em diferentes exercícios didáticos propostos na disciplina de introdução ao projeto arquitetônico realizada no primeiro semestre do curso. / This thesis seeks to examine the spatial factor, a basic architectural element; to investigate its specific attributes; to enter the important field of spatial composition, properly architectonic, and the field of selection of contents that appear in the teaching/learning of introduction to architectonic conception, using as empirical framework the methodological proposal of the class \"lntroduction to Architectonic Project\", taught in the first term of the course of Architecture and Urbanism of PUC-Rio. The suggested approach to work the theme of physical three- dimensional modeling is realized in two parallel ways. ln the first, from the definition of models and miniatures, we sought to make a study about its use as an approach to the knowledge, method and process of architectonic conception, bringing forth a minute and encompassing mapping of the theme. On the other hand, in the second way, we sought - with no intention of definitely supporting the idea of solitary knowledges - to introduce the empirical working of class materials proposed in different didactic exercises realized in the class \"lntroduction to Architectonic Project\", taught in the first term.

abstract: Flooding is a critical issue around the world, and the absence of comprehension of watershed hydrologic reaction results in lack of lead-time for flood forecasting and expensive harm to property and life. It happens when water flows due to extreme rainfall storm, dam breach or snowmelt exceeds the capacity of river system reservoirs and channels. The objective of this research was to develop a methodology for determining a time series operation for releases through control gates of river-reservoir systems during flooding events in a real-time using one- and/or two-dimensional modeling of flows through river-reservoir systems. The optimization-simulation methodology interfaces several simulation-software coupled together with an optimization model solved by genetic algorithm coded in MATLAB. These software include the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers HEC-RAS linked the genetic algorithm in MATLAB to come up with an optimization-simulation model for time series gate openings to control downstream elevations. The model involves using the one- and two-dimensional ability in HEC-RAS to perform hydrodynamic routing with high-resolution raster Digital Elevation Models. Also, the model uses both real-time gridded- and gaged-rainfall data in addition to a model for forecasting future rainfall-data. This new model has been developed to manage reservoir release schedules before, during, and after an extraordinary rainfall event that could cause extreme flooding. Further to observe and control downstream water surface elevations to avoid exceedance of threshold of flood levels in target cells in the downstream area of study, and to minimize the damage and direct effects in both the up and downstream. The application of the complete optimization-simulation model was applied to a portion of the Cumberland River System in Nashville, Tennessee for the flooding event of May 2010. The objective of this application is to demonstrate the applicability of the model for minimizing flood damages for an actual flood event in real-time on an actual river basin. The purpose of the application in a real-time framework would be to minimize the flood damages at Nashville, Tennessee by keeping the flood stages under the 100-year flood stage. This application also compared the three unsteady flow simulation scenarios: one-dimensional, two-dimensional and combined one- and two-dimensional unsteady flow. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering 2019

Orientador: João Antônio Pereira / Resumo: O uso de ferramentas computacionais atualmente está auxiliando o aprimoramento dos processos e procedimentos de análise e simulações em inúmeras áreas do conhecimento humano. A tomografia computadorizada (TC) é uma ferramenta de diagnóstico já consolidada na área médica e atualmente começa a ser utilizada como uma ferramenta para algo ainda mais inovador, a geração de modelos tridimensionais de órgãos ou estruturas ósseas do paciente para uso na criação de biomodelos e fabricação de próteses personalizadas. Biomodelos são cópias físicas das estruturas anatômicas de regiões ou orgãos do corpo humano utilizados para diagnóstico e planejamento cirúrgico. O uso de imagens tomográficas para geração de modelos 3D tem despertado um grande interesse na área médica e de bioengenharia. Além da criação do biomodelo é possível, com o uso das imagens, a geração de modelos computacionais representativos, possibilitando com isso, a realização de diversas simulações e análises biomecânicas da região ou órgão de interesse, visando a fabricação de próteses ou órteses personalizadas. Neste trabalho é apresentada uma metodologia para a geração de modelos matemáticos tridimensionais a partir de tomografias computadorizadas com o objetivo de estudar e analisar um implante personalizado da ATM (Articulação Temporomandibular), solicitado mecanicamente e fabricado em liga de titânio (Ti6Al4V) pelo processo de manufatura aditiva rápida do tipo DMLS (Sinterização Direta de Metais a Laser). Através do m... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The use of computational tools is currently helping to improve the processes and procedures of analysis and simulations in many areas of human knowledge. Computed tomography (CT) is a diagnostic tool already consolidated in the medical field and is now being used as a tool for something even more innovative, the generation of three-dimensional models of organs or bone structures of the patient for use in the creation of biomodels and Manufacture of customized prostheses. Biomodels are physical copies of the anatomical structures of regions or organs of the human body used for diagnosis and surgical planning. The use of tomographic images for generating 3D models has aroused great interest in the medical and bioengineering field. Besides the creation of the biomodel it is possible, through the use of the images, the generation of representative computational models, making possible the accomplishment of several simulations and biomechanical analyzes of the region or organ of interest, aiming at the manufacture of customized prostheses or orthoses. In this work is presented a methodology for the generation of three-dimensional mathematical models from CT scans in order to build, study and analyze a custom implant TMJ (Temporomandibular Joint), requested mechanically and made of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) by the prototyping process of type DMLS (Direct Metal Laser Sintering). Through the model created for the TMJ region, computational simulations of stresses and deformations were ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-10-04T19:09:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) tese mariana viana para BC revisado profa Rita.pdf: 5880006 bytes, checksum: 58b21f8952495e3aba8663b4efa5c48c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-04T19:09:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) tese mariana viana para BC revisado profa Rita.pdf: 5880006 bytes, checksum: 58b21f8952495e3aba8663b4efa5c48c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-12 / Capes / O câncer de mama desenvolve-se de maneira silenciosa, podendo levar a óbito se não for tratado em sua fase inicial. Por este motivo, é necessário desenvolver técnicas para sua detecção precoce. A carcinogênese altera a temperatura dos tecidos na região afetada e o uso da simulação computacional calcula como ocorre tal fenômeno. A imagem por infravermelho é capaz de indicar a distribuição superficial de temperatura e a comparação destes valores com os cálculos obtidos na simulação computacional é uma ferramenta promissora para a detecção precoce do câncer de mama. O objetivo desta tese é construir a geometria substituta tridimensional (3D) da mama feminina a partir de imagens por infravermelho da paciente. Isso possibilita o cálculo da distribuição de temperatura através de software de dinâmica dos fluidos computacional (CFD – Computational Fluid Dynamics). O corregistro de uma prótese mamária externa aos contornos da paciente modelou a superfície da geometria tridimensional da mama. No interior dessa geometria existem os lóbulos mamários, os ductos lactíferos, o tecido adiposo da mama e a lesão conforme indicado no exame de ultrassonografia da paciente. Um software de CFD realizou o preparo da geometria e subsequente cálculo da distribuição de temperatura na mama. Um estudo de caso verificou o impacto da inserção das estruturas citadas na geometria substituta. O erro entre as temperaturas máximas indicadas pela imagem por infravermelho das pacientes na região da pele sobre a anomalia e a temperatura máxima alcançada no cálculo de temperatura sobre a região correspondente na geometria substituta foi de 0,20%. A geometria 3D aqui apresentada adequa-se aos contornos de cada paciente e é mais próxima da mama real do que a geometria substituta 3D obtida pelo escaneamento de próteses mamárias externas e outras apresentadas na literatura técnica. Além disso, a geometria desenvolvida permitiu o cálculo de temperatura nos casos em que não era possível com a geometria anteriormente utilizada. / Breast cancer develops silently and can lead to death if not treated in its early stages. For this reason, it is necessary to develop techniques for its early detection. The carcinogenesis changes the temperature of the tissue in the affected area, the use of computer simulation to evaluate how such a phenomenon occurs. The infrared image can indicate the surface temperature distribution, and the comparison of these figures with the calculations obtained in a computer simulation is a promising tool for early detection of breast cancer. The purpose of this thesis is to build three-dimensional (3D) surrogate geometry of the female breast from infrared images of the patient. It allows the calculation of the distribution of temperature through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software. The breast prosthesis co-registration to the contours of the patient modeled the external surface of the 3D geometry of the breast. Within this geometry, there are mammary lobules, lactiferous ducts and adipose tissue of the breast and the lesion as indicated in the ultrasound examination of the patient. CFD software performed the preparation of the geometry and subsequent calculation of the breast temperature distribution. A case study verified the impact of the insertion of such structures in the surrogate geometry. The error between the maximum temperature indicated by the infrared image of the patient in the area of the skin over the abnormality and the maximum temperature achieved in the temperature calculation in the corresponding region in the surrogate geometry were 0.20%. The 3D geometry presented here fits the contours of each patient, and it is closer to the real breast than the surrogate 3D geometries acquired by the scanning of external breast prostheses and others ones presented in the technical literature. Furthermore, the modeled geometry allowed the temperature calculation in cases where it was not possible with the geometry that was previously used.

Esta tese trata de examinar o fator espacial, elemento básico da arquitetura; investigar os atributos específicos; penetrar no importante campo da composição tridimensional, propriamente arquitetônica e da escolha dos conteúdos que figuram no ensino/aprendizagem de introdução à concepção arquitetônica, tendo como âmbito empírico a proposta metodológica da disciplina introdutória de projeto de arquitetura ministrada no primeiro período do curso de arquitetura e urbanismo da PUC Rio. A aproximação proposta para trabalhar o tema da modelagem tridimensional física é realizada por meio de duas vias paralelas. Numa delas, a partir da definição de modelos e maquetes, se percorre um estudo acerca de sua utilização como abordagem do conhecimento, método e processo da concepção arquitetônica, trazendo um rastreamento minucioso e abrangente do tema. Enquanto a outra via se apresenta o trabalho empírico - sem pretensões de balizar definitivamente os saberes únicos - de conteúdos de aprendizagem trazidos em diferentes exercícios didáticos propostos na disciplina de introdução ao projeto arquitetônico realizada no primeiro semestre do curso. / This thesis seeks to examine the spatial factor, a basic architectural element; to investigate its specific attributes; to enter the important field of spatial composition, properly architectonic, and the field of selection of contents that appear in the teaching/learning of introduction to architectonic conception, using as empirical framework the methodological proposal of the class \"lntroduction to Architectonic Project\", taught in the first term of the course of Architecture and Urbanism of PUC-Rio. The suggested approach to work the theme of physical three- dimensional modeling is realized in two parallel ways. ln the first, from the definition of models and miniatures, we sought to make a study about its use as an approach to the knowledge, method and process of architectonic conception, bringing forth a minute and encompassing mapping of the theme. On the other hand, in the second way, we sought - with no intention of definitely supporting the idea of solitary knowledges - to introduce the empirical working of class materials proposed in different didactic exercises realized in the class \"lntroduction to Architectonic Project\", taught in the first term.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-04-04T15:04:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 joanadedornellascysneirosgomesdeamorim.pdf: 1811388 bytes, checksum: 09763f5f5602a497decd667655eb0c68 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T03:56:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 joanadedornellascysneirosgomesdeamorim.pdf: 1811388 bytes, checksum: 09763f5f5602a497decd667655eb0c68 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T03:56:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 joanadedornellascysneirosgomesdeamorim.pdf: 1811388 bytes, checksum: 09763f5f5602a497decd667655eb0c68 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-27 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A autotomia caudal é uma resposta anti-predação voluntária amplamente empregada por lagartos. Suas consequências estão bem descritas na literatura, mas os fatores envolvidos na sua ocorrência carecem de aprofundamento. Pretendeu-se então averiguar se há diferença tanto na propensão à autotomia quanto no padrão de crescimento corporal e caudal de indivíduos com tamanho corporal diferente durante as estações quente/chuvosa (verão tropical) e fria/seca (inverno tropical). Para tanto foram mantidos em terrários externos três grupos experimentais (n = 19) de massas corpóreas diferentes (P1, P2 e P3), cujas caudas foram autotomizadas por constrição mecânica, medindo-se a pressão exercida e o tempo até a soltura da cauda. Dados morfométricos foram aferidos semanalmente e avaliados usando o test T bicaudal para amostras não pareadas, comparando-se as variáveis em função do peso corporal. As porções caudais liberadas foram conservadas em álcool e dissecadas, assim como quatro lagartos que morreram ao longo dos experimentos. A anatomia caudal foi analisada e comparada com descrições existentes. Elaborou-se um modelo tridimensional passível de ser usado como ferramenta didática e analítica. Foram encontradas em média 32 vértebras caudais em T. itambere. A maioria dos parâmetros avaliados não apresentou significância estatística, devido ao pequeno número amostral, mas tendências e possibilidades são apresentadas e discutidas em vista da literatura atual. Foi significativa a relação inversa entre temperatura cloacal e tempo até a autotomia. / Autotomy is an anti-predator behavior widely employed by lizards. The energetic consequences of this process are vastly describe in literature, yet the details involved in it’s occurrence lack thoroughness. This study intent to evaluate if there are differences related to body weight in propensity to realize autotomy, in body and caudal growth, both during the hot/wet season (tropical summer) and the cold/dry season (tropical winter). To accomplish that three groups of lizards (n = 19) with different body mass (P1, P2 and P3) were kept in out-doors cages during cold (July to September 2012) and hot seasons (November 2012 to January 2013). Autotomy was induced by constriction of the tail, while measuring the pression applie to it’s surface as well as the time until it’s release. Morphometric data was assessed weekly and processed using two-tailed t-test for unpaired samples, comparing variables according to body weight. The released portion of the tail was preserved in alcohol and dissected, as were the four lizards that happened to die during the experimental process. Caudal anatomy was analyzed and compare with preexisting descriptions. A three-dimensional model with didactic and analytic potential was elaborated. We found an average of 32 caudal vertebraes in T. itambere. Most of the analyzed parameters did not present statistical significance, due to the small sample size. However we present and discuss every tendency and possibility in face of the current literature. We did found a significant inverse relation between cloacal temperature and the time subjects took to undergo autotomy.

Underground excavations break the balance of the initial stress field and cause stress redistributions in the surrounding rock masses. Problems normally arise as the stress exceeds the rock mass strength. In addition, the rock mass contains preexisting defects, such as the fissures, fractures, joints, faults, shear zones, dikes, etc., which could significantly weaken the rock mass strength and make the rock mass behavior complicated. The stability of underground excavations is of great importance to an operating mine project since it ensures the safety of the working environment and the successful ore exploration. Due to the complex geological conditions and engineering disturbances, the assessment of rock mass stability for a practical engineering problem is extremely challenging and difficult, which needs to be solved by the modern numerical methods. In this dissertation, the rock mass stability around tunnels in an underground mine in the USA was investigated by performing three-dimensional modeling using the 3DEC 3-Dimensional Distinct Element Code. Comprehensive stress analyses were respectively carried out on a preliminary model and a more advanced model. In the preliminary study, the built model contains the inclined lithologies, a non-persistent fault, and a convoluted tunnel system. The geomechanical property values used for the rock masses and discontinuities in the numerical model were estimated using the available geotechnical information and the experience of the research group. The Mohr-Coulomb and strain softening constitutive relations were prescribed for the rock masses; the coulomb slip joint model was assigned for the discontinuities. The influence of the boundary conditions, block constitutive models, horizontal in situ stress and rock support system on the tunnel stability was investigated. The rock mass behavior was quantified using the results of stress, displacement, and yielded zones around the tunnels. It showed that the roller boundary conditions resulted in slightly different but comparable results with the combined boundary conditions (roller and stress combined) where K0 equals to 0.4 or 0.5. Whereas the in-situ stress field for a complex geological system can only be obtained by applying proper boundary stresses and then by performing stress analysis. The softening behavior of the rock masses caused more deformations and yielded zones around the tunnels; the rock masses around the tunnels were observed to reach the residual strength values, which can be treated as failed areas. In addition, the M-C and s-s rock masses reacted differently as the K0 value changed. At K0=1.0, the tunnels seemed to be the most stable; K0=1.5, however, provided the worst scenario with roof and floor problems. With respect to the effectiveness of the support system, a large amount of the bonds of the supports was failing, thus, the deformations and yielded zones around the tunnels were slightly improved. Finally, comparisons between the numerical modeling results and the field measurements implied the applicability of strain softening behavior and a K0 value between 0.5 and 1.0 for the mine. Based on the specific geological, geotechnical, and construction information, a numerical model incorporating accurate features was developed. It includes a non-planar, weak interlayer, the persistent and non-persistent faults, and the open and backfilled excavations. The mechanical property values used for the rock masses and faults were estimated based on the laboratory test results of the intact rock and smooth joints. The strain softening behavior was specified for the rock masses belonging to the average quality, and the rock masses that reached residual strengths were assumed to be failing. The linear relations between the fault stiffnesses and normal stress were described using the continuously yielding joint model. To simulate the mine construction process in the field, the sequential excavation, backfilling, and supporting procedures were numerically implemented; additionally, a novel routine was applied to account for the delayed installation of the supports. Results showed that the tunnels close to the fault and the backfilled area were less stable. Most of the displacements around the tunnels occurred within a distance of zero to 2 or 3 m from the tunnel surface. The varying K0 value caused great changes in the rock mass behavior and the shear behavior of the major fault; significant instability of the tunnels was triggered by the high horizontal in situ stress. Parametric studies on the rock mass condition, rock mass residual strengths, and fault property values showed that the tunnel stability was more sensitive to the former two factors than the last one. A systematic investigation was conducted to evaluate the current rock supports installed at the mine where the increasing stress relaxation was incorporated. The deformations and of the failure zone thicknesses around the tunnels were reduced up to 8% and 20% after applying the supports instantaneously, and the reductions were improved by the delayed installation of supports. Additionally, the safety of supports was evaluated by the bond shear and bolt tensile failures, which was also improved with incorporation of delayed supporting. It was found that the current rock supports are insufficient in length, bond and tensile strengths. Therefore, a stronger support system was suggested. The stronger supports worked better in stabilizing the tunnels. Based on the deformations and failures of the rock masses, the length of the bolts on walls was suggested to be 4-5 m. At the end, the horizontal convergence strain predicted by the numerical simulations were calculated at two locations where the tape extensometers were installed. Good agreements with the field measurements were obtained for the cases that have the average rock mass properties and K0 values in the range 0.5-1.25.

No description available.