• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 26
  • 15
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 52
  • 25
  • 8
  • 8
  • 7
  • 6
  • 6
  • 6
  • 6
  • 5
  • 5
  • 5
  • 5
  • 5
  • 4
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

Efeito do ácido zoledrônico na perda óssea de pacientes submetidos a transplante renal: um estudo prospectivo e randomizado / A prospective and randomized trial of zoledronic acid to prevent bone loss in the first year after kidney transplantation

Igor Denizarde Bacelar Marques 08 June 2016 (has links)
Distúrbios do metabolismo mineral e da remodelação óssea são complicações comuns que afetam pacientes após o transplante renal e representam importantes causas de morbidade e mortalidade. Estas alterações esqueléticas são resultantes de uma complexa interposição de fatores, incluindo uma resolução incompleta das alterações minerais e ósseas devido ao funcionamento deficiente do enxerto, a ação de drogas imunossupressoras e a presença de fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de osteoporose que acometem a população geral. Bisfosfonatos podem prevenir ou atenuar a perda óssea após o transplante renal. Receptores de transplante renal com doador vivo foram randomizados para tratamento com dose única de 5 mg de ácido zoledrônico após o transplante associado à suplementação de colecalciferol ou com apenas colecalciferol. Realizamos densitometrias (DXA), microtomografias (HRpQCT) e biópsias ósseas à época do transplante e ao final dos 12 meses do estudo, e avaliamos a correlação entre estas técnicas invasivas e não invasivas. Houve uma boa concordância entre a HR-pQCT e a biópsia óssea transilíaca com relação ao compartimento cortical. No osso trabecular, embora estatisticamente significantes e maiores do que as descritas na população geral, as correlações entre os dois métodos foram apenas de moderada intensidade. Os pacientes não perderam tanta massa óssea quanto era esperado. Houve um aumento da densidade mineral óssea (DMO) medida por DXA no fêmur total em ambos os grupos, mas na coluna lombar apenas nos pacientes que receberam ácido zoledrônico. Por HR-pQCT do rádio, observou-se que esta diferença de DMO em favor do grupo ácido zoledrônico foi evidenciada na região cortical. A análise histomorfométrica das biópsias ósseas demonstrou uma diminuição na porosidade e aumento da espessura cortical, mais evidente nos pacientes que receberam ácido zoledrônico. Os pacientes do grupo ácido zoledrônico apresentaram supressão dos parâmetros de formação e reabsorção óssea; entretanto, não houve um risco aumentado de desenvolvimento de doença óssea adinâmica (DOA) ou defeito de mineralização, quando comparados com o grupo controle. Os benefícios observados sobre osso cortical, aliados a um perfil de segurança favorável e à possibilidade de prevenir fraturas, fazem com que ainda haja espaço para o uso dos bisfosfonatos após o transplante renal. Mais estudos são necessários até que o uso profilático de bisfosfonatos seja recomendado para prevenir a perda óssea em receptores de transplante de rim / Bone and mineral disorders occur frequently in kidney transplant recipients and are associated with a high risk of fracture, morbidity, and mortality. Post-transplantation bone disease results from the evolution of preexisting renal osteodystrophy, use of glucocorticoids and other immunosuppressive drugs and other risk factors for osteoporosis. Bisphosphonates may prevent or ameliorate the bone loss after kidney transplantation. We randomly assigned 34 new living-donor kidney recipients to either 5 mg of zoledronic acid plus cholecalciferol or cholecalciferol alone for 12 months. We obtained bone mineral density (BMD) by DXA, microcomputed tomography (HR-pQCT) and bone biopsies at the time of kidney transplant and after 12 months of protocol treatment. Correlations between invasive and noninvasive techniques that assesses trabecular and cortical bone microarchitecture were made. There was a good agreement between HR-pQCT and transiliac bone biopsies regarding cortical compartment. Conversely, in trabecular bone, despite being statistically significant and greater than that described for the general population, the correlations between both methods were modest. The expected decrease in BMD after kidney transplantation did not occurred. On the contrary, there was an increase in BMD at total femur in both groups, and at lumbar spine in the zoledronic acid group. HR-pQCT data showed that this gain of bone mass in zoledronic acid group was in cortical bone. The bone histomorphometric analysis demonstrated a decrease in cortical porosity and increase in cortical width, more evident in zoledronic acid group. Bone turnover markers decreased in both groups, however there was no risk of adynamic bone disease or mineralization defect with zoledronic acid. The benefits observed on cortical bone, combined with a favorable safety profile and the ability to prevent fractures suggest that there is still room for the use of bisphosphonates after kidney transplantation. Further studies are needed before the use of prophylactic bisphosphonates to attenuate bone loss can be recommended in kidney transplant recipients
52

Following the mevalonate pathway to bone heal alley

Skoglund, Björn January 2007 (has links)
The mevalonate pathway is an important biosynthetic pathway, found in all cells of virtually all known pro- as well as eukaryotic organisms. This thesis is an investigation into the use of two drugs, originally developed for different applications, but both affecting the mevalonate pathway, in to models of fracture repair. Using two different rodent models of fracture repair, a commonly used cholesterol lowering drug (statin) and two drugs used to treat osteoporosis (bisphosphonate) were applied both systemically as well as locally in order to enhance fracture repair. Papers I and II investigate the potential of simvastatin to improve the healing of femoral fractures in mice. Papers III and IV explore the use of two bisphosphonates to improve early fixation of stainless steel screws into rat bone. The statin simvastatin lead to an increased strength of the healing cellus. The application of bisphosphonates increased early screw fixation. It seems clear that both drugs have uses in orthopaedic applications. One interesting avenue of further research would be to combine the two classes of drugs and see if we can get the benefits while at the same time diminishing the drawbacks.

Page generated in 0.0397 seconds