Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-22T17:12:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Zeneida Teixeira Pinto.pdf: 2580042 bytes, checksum: 0224e4e1200e83ae2a5e09bfaf7ca97d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-22T17:12:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Zeneida Teixeira Pinto.pdf: 2580042 bytes, checksum: 0224e4e1200e83ae2a5e09bfaf7ca97d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-10 / CAPES / The muscoid flies have important public health because it acts as a mechanical vector of pathogens (bacteria, viruses, helminth eggs) and cause secondary myiasis in humans and animals. Chemical insecticides have been of great importance in the control of synanthropic flies, but have great persistence and a broad spectrum of action, causing a prolonged impact on the environment. An alternative way to this type of control are secondary metabolites of plants, which are considered the active principle of natural insecticides. This study was divided into two chapters that approached the the theme of natural control. The first chapter is related to the essential oil chemical composition of Cymbopogon citratus collected d in Brazil and Cuba, and evaluation of oil and its major component citral against the post-embryonic development of Musca domestica, Chrysomya putoria, C. megacephala and Lucilia cuprina. The chemical analysis of the essential oils allowed the identification of 13 and 12 chemical components, respectively, and in both the major components were the isomers Neral (35.21% ? Cuba) (36.37% - Brazil) and Geranial (53.2% - Brazil) (51.14% - Cuba) and, Myrcene (6.52%), in a smaller proportion, was only found in Cuban oil. The results show that there were no differences between the activity of Cuban oil and Brazilian. The post-embryonic period of L. cuprina, M. domestica and C. megacephala elongated with the treatment with both oils, but it shortened the larval and neolarva to adult periods for C. putoria. All groups presented morphological alterations. The results of the the test showed that C. megacephala was the most sensitive species killing 73% in larval stage and 77% in newly-hatched larvae to adult and less sensitive was C. putoria with 40% mortality in the larval stage and 57% in newly-hatched larvae to adult. Citral shortened post-embryonic development period (larval, pupal and newly hatched larvae to adult) of M. domestica, L. cuprina and C. megacephala but C. putoria was delayed. In the second chapter, the aim was to analyze the chemical composition and insecticidal effect of the essential oils extracted from leaves of Pinus caribaea Morelet collected in Brazil and Cuba and the terpene Caryophyllene, on the post- embryonic development of the species Musca domestica, Chrysomya megacephala, C. putoria e Lucilia cuprina. Twelve components were identified in the essential oil of P. cariabea collected in Brazil, and ? Phellandrene and Germacren D and (E) Caryophyllene were the major components, with relative areas of 39.57, 26.57 and 16.85% respectively. In comparison, 20 components were identified from the essential oil of the same species originated from Cuba with the major components, Germacrene D (48.25%), o ?-Phellandrene (12.10%) and Caryophyllene Oxide (12.41%). Caryophyllene was more toxic to M. domestica with an 87% of mortality for the newly hatched larvae to adult, the less affected species were L. cuprina and C. megacephala with 83% of mortality and for C. putoria the mortality was 63%. The post-embryonic development period was shortened in the species M. domestica, L. cuprina and C. megacephala and prolonged in C. putoria. The pupal weight was reduced in most species except in C. putoria that it had increased; there was no change in the sex ratio in the species in the study. / Os d?pteros muscoides apresentam import?ncia em sa?de p?blica, pois atua como vetor mec?nico de pat?genos (bact?rias, v?rus, ovos de helmintos), al?m de causar mi?ases secund?rias no homem e nos animais. Os inseticidas qu?micos t?m sido de grande import?ncia no controle de d?pteros sinantr?picos, mas apresentam grande persist?ncia e um amplo espectro de a??o, causando um impacto prolongado ao ambiente. Uma forma alternativa a este tipo de controle s?o os metab?litos secund?rios de plantas, que s?o considerados o princ?pio ativo dos inseticidas naturais. O presente estudo foi dividido em dois cap?tulos que abordam o tema do controle natural. O primeiro cap?tulo foi relativo a analise da composi??o qu?mica do ?leo essencial de Cymbopogon citratus coletado no Brasil e Cuba, e da avalia??o do ?leo e do seu componente majorit?rio citral sob o desenvolvimento p?s-embrion?rio de Musca domestica, Chrysomya putoria, C. megacephala e Lucilia cuprina. A an?lise da composi?ao qu?mica dos ?leos essenciais (Brasil/Cuba), por Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada ao espectr?metro de massa (GC-EM), permitiu a identifica?ao de 13 e 12 componentes principais, respectivamente; nove deles comuns aos dois. Em ambos os ?leos, os principais componentes foram os is?meros geranial e neral, que, juntos, formam o composto citral. Esse corresponde a um total de 97,92%/Brasil e 97,69%/Cuba dos compostos identificados. O monoterpeno mirceno, observado na amostra cubana, apresentou grande abund?ncia relativa (6,52%). Os d?pteros foram submetidos a diferentes concentra??es do ?leo de C. citratus (5, 10, 25, 75 e 100%) (Brasil/Cuba). As subst?ncias foram aplicadas topicamente nas neolarvas (1?L/larva). N?o houve grandes diferen?as entre a atividade do ?leo cubano e brasileiro. As esp?cies L. cuprina, M. domestica, C. megacephala tiveram o seu per?odo p?s-embrion?rio aumentado pelos dois ?leos (Brasil/Cuba), por?m em C. putoria ela apresentou um encurtamento no per?odo larval e no per?odo de neolarva a adulto. Todos os grupos tratados apresentaram deformidades. Os resultados do teste com o monoterpeno Citral mostraram que C. megacephala foi a esp?cie mais sens?vel matando 73% no per?odo larval e 77% no per?odo de neolarva a adulto e a esp?cie menos sens?vel foi C. putoria que apresentou 40% de mortalidade no per?odo larval e 57% no per?odo de neolarva a adulto. O Citral encurtou o per?odo p?s-embrion?rio das esp?cies M. domestica, L. cuprina e C. megacephala, por?m na esp?cie C. putoria ele atrasou. No segundo cap?tulo objetivou analisar a composi??o qu?mica do ?leo essencial de Pinus caribaea coletado no Brasil e Cuba, e avaliar a sua a??o e a do seu componente cariofileno sob o desenvolvimento p?s-embrion?rio analise da composi??o qu?mica do ?leo essencial de Cymbopogon citratus coletado no Brasil e Cuba, e da avalia??o do ?leo e do seu componente majorit?rio citral sob o desenvolvimento p?s-embrion?rio de Musca domestica, Chrysomya putoria, C. megacephala e Lucilia cuprina. Para o ?leo essencial obtido das folhas de P. caribaea coletadas no Brasil foram identificadas 12 subst?ncias qu?micas, sendo o ?-Felandreno (39,57%), Germacreno D (26,57%) e (E) Cariofileno (16,85%) os majorit?rios. A an?lise do ?leo das folhas de P. cariabea provenientes de Cuba resultou na identifica??o de 20 subst?ncias, sendo o Germacreno D (48,25%), ?xido de Cariofileno (12,41%) e ? Felandreno (12,10%) Germacreno D (48,25%) os constituintes majorit?rios. O Cariofileno mostrou ser mais t?xico para M. domestica com uma mortalidade de 87% na fase de neolarva a adulto e as esp?cies menos afetadas foram L. cuprina e C. megacephala com 83% de mortalidade e para C. putoria a mortalidade observada foi de 63%. O per?odo p?s- embrion?rio foi encurtado nas esp?cies M. domestica, L. cuprina e C. megacephala e aumentado em C. putoria. O peso pupal foi reduzido na maioria das esp?cies com exce??o de C. putoria que teve ele aumentado e n?o houve altera??o na propor??o sexual nas esp?cies estudadas.