Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-31T19:48:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 1998 - Anthony ?rico da Gama Guimar?es.pdf: 2433104 bytes, checksum: 69d8edd6924e8b5f41e776f896b1b385 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-31T19:48:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1998 - Anthony ?rico da Gama Guimar?es.pdf: 2433104 bytes, checksum: 69d8edd6924e8b5f41e776f896b1b385 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998-09-03 / CNPq / Faperj / In order to analyze some aspects related to the ecology of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in areas of the State Park of the Serra do Mar, State of Sao Paulo, monthly captures were accomplished, using human bait, in three different periods of the day, in wild and domiciliary environments and 24 consecutive months, from January, 1991 to December, 1992. In 622 samplings, 24.943 specimens of adult mosquitoes belonging to 61 species were captured. Highest frequencies were due to Cq. chrysonotum with 45,8% of the total of captured mosquitoes, followed by: Ae. serratus with 6,8%, Cq. venezuelensis with 6,5%, Ps. ferox with 5,2 and Ps. albipes with 3,1%. Monthly averages of temperature and relative humidity of the air were inserted in the secular maximum and minimum medium limits of the 10 previous years and the one of rainfall accompanied the curve of the averages of secular tendency of the same period. Those climatic factors were decisive for the incidence of some species; temperature: An. cruzii, An. mediopunctatus, Ae. scapularis, Ae. fulvus, Cq. chrysonotum, Cq. venezuelensis, Ru. reversa, Wy. dyari, Wy. confusa, Wy. shannoni, Ph. theobaldi and Li. flavisetosus; relative humidity: Ae. serratus, Ae. scapularis, Cq. venezuelensis and Ru. reverse; rainfall: An. cruzii, Ae. scapularis, Ae. fulvus, Cq. venezuelensis Ru. reverse, Ph. theobaldi and Li. flavisetosus. Some species were identified according to certain capture stations. Cq. chrysonotum and Cq. venezuelensis demonstrated preference for the swamp areas and puddles found in the stations A and B. An. mediopunctatus, Cx. nigripalpus, Ae. serratus, Ae. fulvus, Ps. ferox, Ps. albipes and the Sabethinae in general were captured almost exclusively in wild areas, especially in the stations B and C. The domicile located in the station D, was preferred by An. cruzii, An. oswaldoi and An. fluminensis. However, Cx. quinquefasciatus was the only eusynanthropic species. An. cruzii and Ae. scapularis were captured accomplishing the blood repast in the intra and peridomicile, indicating that both species, vectors of etiologic agents responsible for malaria and arboviroses respectively , in other places in the coast of the State of Sao Paulo, can be involved in the domiciliary transmission of those diseases. Except for the incidences of Tr. digitatum in the night period, the Sabethinae were captured essentially in the illuminated hours of the day. All the Anophelinae were preferably in the night samplings and the Culicinae presented nocturnal species: Cx. nigripalpus, Cq. chrysonotum and Cq. venezuelensis; of the day: Ps. ferox and Ps. albipes; and eclectic as the preference for the occurrence period: Ae. serratus, Ae. scapularis and Ae. fulvus. The lunar phases were not decisive to the incidence of the Culicidae fauna. However, the samplings accomplished in nights of new moon were more profitable quantitatively. Ae. scapularis was captured preferably in nights of full moon. / Visando conhecer aspectos da ecologia de mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) em ?reas do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Estado de S?o Paulo, foram realizadas capturas mensais sistematizadas, em isca humana, em tr?s diferentes per?odos do dia, em ambiente silvestre e domiciliar e ao longo de 24 meses consecutivos, de janeiro de 1991 a dezembro de 1992. Em 622 amostragens, foram capturados 24.943 esp?cimes de mosquitos adultos pertencentes 61 esp?cies. As maiores ocorr?ncias ficaram por conta de Cq. chrysonotum com 45,8% do total de mosquitos capturados, seguida por: Ae. serratus ? 6,8%, Cq. venezuelensis = 6,5%, Ps. ferox ? 5,2 e Ps. albipes ? 3,1%. As m?dias mensais de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar estiveram inseridas nos limites das m?dias seculares de m?xima e m?nima dos 10 anos anteriores e as de precipita??es pluviom?tricas acompanharam a curva das m?dias de tend?ncia secular do mesmo per?odo. Esses fatores clim?ticos foram determinantes para incid?ncia de algumas esp?cies; temperatura: An. cruzii, An. mediopunctatus, Ae. scapularis, Ae. fulvus, Cq. chrysonotum, Cq. venezuelensis, Ru. reversa, Wy. dyari, Wy. confusa, Wy. shannoni, Ph. theobaldi e Li. flavisetosus; umidade relativa: Ae. serratus, Ae. scapularis, Cq. venezuelensis e Ru. reversa; precipita??es pluviom?tricas: An. cruzii, Ae. scapularis, Ae. fulvus, Cq. venezuelensis Ru. reversa, Ph. theobaldi e Li. flavisetosus. Algumas esp?cies estiveram identificadas com determinadas esta??es de captura. Cq. chrysonotum e Cq. venezuelensis demostraram prefer?ncia pelas ?reas de mangue e charcos encontradas nas esta??es A e B. An. mediopunctatus, Cx. nigripalpus, Ae. serratus, Ae. fulvus, Ps. ferox, Ps. albipes e os sabet?neos em geral foram capturados quase que exclusivamente em ?reas silvestres, especialmente nas esta??es B e C. O domic?lio localizado na esta??o D foi preferido pelo An. cruzii, An. oswaldoi e An. fluminensis. Entretanto, Cx. quinquefasciatus foi a ?nica esp?cie verdadeiramente eussinantr?pica. An. cruzii e Ae. scapularis foram capturadas realizando o repasto sang??neo no intra e peridomic?lio, indicando que ambas as esp?cies, vetoras de agentes etiol?gicos causadores respectivamente de mal?ria e arboviroses em outras localidades no litoral do Estado de S?o Paulo, podem estar envolvidas na transmiss?o domiciliar dessas doen?as. Excetuando-se as incid?ncias de Tr. digitatum no per?odo noturno, os sabet?neos foram capturados essencialmente nas horas iluminadas do dia. Todos os anofelinos estiveram preferencialmente nas amostragens noturnas e os culic?neos apresentaram esp?cies noturnas: Cx. nigripalpus, Cq. chrysonotum e Cq. venezuelensis; diurnas: Ps. ferox e Ps. albipes; e ecl?ticas quanto a prefer?ncia pelo per?odo de ocorr?ncia: Ae. serratus, Ae. scapularis e Ae. fulvus. As fases lunares n?o foram determinantes ? incid?ncia da fauna culicideana. Entretanto, as amostragens realizadas em noites de lua nova foram quantitativamente mais proveitosas. Ae. scapularis foi capturado preferencialmente em noites de lua cheia.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-22T17:12:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Zeneida Teixeira Pinto.pdf: 2580042 bytes, checksum: 0224e4e1200e83ae2a5e09bfaf7ca97d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-22T17:12:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Zeneida Teixeira Pinto.pdf: 2580042 bytes, checksum: 0224e4e1200e83ae2a5e09bfaf7ca97d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-10 / CAPES / The muscoid flies have important public health because it acts as a mechanical vector of pathogens (bacteria, viruses, helminth eggs) and cause secondary myiasis in humans and animals. Chemical insecticides have been of great importance in the control of synanthropic flies, but have great persistence and a broad spectrum of action, causing a prolonged impact on the environment. An alternative way to this type of control are secondary metabolites of plants, which are considered the active principle of natural insecticides. This study was divided into two chapters that approached the the theme of natural control. The first chapter is related to the essential oil chemical composition of Cymbopogon citratus collected d in Brazil and Cuba, and evaluation of oil and its major component citral against the post-embryonic development of Musca domestica, Chrysomya putoria, C. megacephala and Lucilia cuprina. The chemical analysis of the essential oils allowed the identification of 13 and 12 chemical components, respectively, and in both the major components were the isomers Neral (35.21% ? Cuba) (36.37% - Brazil) and Geranial (53.2% - Brazil) (51.14% - Cuba) and, Myrcene (6.52%), in a smaller proportion, was only found in Cuban oil. The results show that there were no differences between the activity of Cuban oil and Brazilian. The post-embryonic period of L. cuprina, M. domestica and C. megacephala elongated with the treatment with both oils, but it shortened the larval and neolarva to adult periods for C. putoria. All groups presented morphological alterations. The results of the the test showed that C. megacephala was the most sensitive species killing 73% in larval stage and 77% in newly-hatched larvae to adult and less sensitive was C. putoria with 40% mortality in the larval stage and 57% in newly-hatched larvae to adult. Citral shortened post-embryonic development period (larval, pupal and newly hatched larvae to adult) of M. domestica, L. cuprina and C. megacephala but C. putoria was delayed. In the second chapter, the aim was to analyze the chemical composition and insecticidal effect of the essential oils extracted from leaves of Pinus caribaea Morelet collected in Brazil and Cuba and the terpene Caryophyllene, on the post- embryonic development of the species Musca domestica, Chrysomya megacephala, C. putoria e Lucilia cuprina. Twelve components were identified in the essential oil of P. cariabea collected in Brazil, and ? Phellandrene and Germacren D and (E) Caryophyllene were the major components, with relative areas of 39.57, 26.57 and 16.85% respectively. In comparison, 20 components were identified from the essential oil of the same species originated from Cuba with the major components, Germacrene D (48.25%), o ?-Phellandrene (12.10%) and Caryophyllene Oxide (12.41%). Caryophyllene was more toxic to M. domestica with an 87% of mortality for the newly hatched larvae to adult, the less affected species were L. cuprina and C. megacephala with 83% of mortality and for C. putoria the mortality was 63%. The post-embryonic development period was shortened in the species M. domestica, L. cuprina and C. megacephala and prolonged in C. putoria. The pupal weight was reduced in most species except in C. putoria that it had increased; there was no change in the sex ratio in the species in the study. / Os d?pteros muscoides apresentam import?ncia em sa?de p?blica, pois atua como vetor mec?nico de pat?genos (bact?rias, v?rus, ovos de helmintos), al?m de causar mi?ases secund?rias no homem e nos animais. Os inseticidas qu?micos t?m sido de grande import?ncia no controle de d?pteros sinantr?picos, mas apresentam grande persist?ncia e um amplo espectro de a??o, causando um impacto prolongado ao ambiente. Uma forma alternativa a este tipo de controle s?o os metab?litos secund?rios de plantas, que s?o considerados o princ?pio ativo dos inseticidas naturais. O presente estudo foi dividido em dois cap?tulos que abordam o tema do controle natural. O primeiro cap?tulo foi relativo a analise da composi??o qu?mica do ?leo essencial de Cymbopogon citratus coletado no Brasil e Cuba, e da avalia??o do ?leo e do seu componente majorit?rio citral sob o desenvolvimento p?s-embrion?rio de Musca domestica, Chrysomya putoria, C. megacephala e Lucilia cuprina. A an?lise da composi?ao qu?mica dos ?leos essenciais (Brasil/Cuba), por Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada ao espectr?metro de massa (GC-EM), permitiu a identifica?ao de 13 e 12 componentes principais, respectivamente; nove deles comuns aos dois. Em ambos os ?leos, os principais componentes foram os is?meros geranial e neral, que, juntos, formam o composto citral. Esse corresponde a um total de 97,92%/Brasil e 97,69%/Cuba dos compostos identificados. O monoterpeno mirceno, observado na amostra cubana, apresentou grande abund?ncia relativa (6,52%). Os d?pteros foram submetidos a diferentes concentra??es do ?leo de C. citratus (5, 10, 25, 75 e 100%) (Brasil/Cuba). As subst?ncias foram aplicadas topicamente nas neolarvas (1?L/larva). N?o houve grandes diferen?as entre a atividade do ?leo cubano e brasileiro. As esp?cies L. cuprina, M. domestica, C. megacephala tiveram o seu per?odo p?s-embrion?rio aumentado pelos dois ?leos (Brasil/Cuba), por?m em C. putoria ela apresentou um encurtamento no per?odo larval e no per?odo de neolarva a adulto. Todos os grupos tratados apresentaram deformidades. Os resultados do teste com o monoterpeno Citral mostraram que C. megacephala foi a esp?cie mais sens?vel matando 73% no per?odo larval e 77% no per?odo de neolarva a adulto e a esp?cie menos sens?vel foi C. putoria que apresentou 40% de mortalidade no per?odo larval e 57% no per?odo de neolarva a adulto. O Citral encurtou o per?odo p?s-embrion?rio das esp?cies M. domestica, L. cuprina e C. megacephala, por?m na esp?cie C. putoria ele atrasou. No segundo cap?tulo objetivou analisar a composi??o qu?mica do ?leo essencial de Pinus caribaea coletado no Brasil e Cuba, e avaliar a sua a??o e a do seu componente cariofileno sob o desenvolvimento p?s-embrion?rio analise da composi??o qu?mica do ?leo essencial de Cymbopogon citratus coletado no Brasil e Cuba, e da avalia??o do ?leo e do seu componente majorit?rio citral sob o desenvolvimento p?s-embrion?rio de Musca domestica, Chrysomya putoria, C. megacephala e Lucilia cuprina. Para o ?leo essencial obtido das folhas de P. caribaea coletadas no Brasil foram identificadas 12 subst?ncias qu?micas, sendo o ?-Felandreno (39,57%), Germacreno D (26,57%) e (E) Cariofileno (16,85%) os majorit?rios. A an?lise do ?leo das folhas de P. cariabea provenientes de Cuba resultou na identifica??o de 20 subst?ncias, sendo o Germacreno D (48,25%), ?xido de Cariofileno (12,41%) e ? Felandreno (12,10%) Germacreno D (48,25%) os constituintes majorit?rios. O Cariofileno mostrou ser mais t?xico para M. domestica com uma mortalidade de 87% na fase de neolarva a adulto e as esp?cies menos afetadas foram L. cuprina e C. megacephala com 83% de mortalidade e para C. putoria a mortalidade observada foi de 63%. O per?odo p?s- embrion?rio foi encurtado nas esp?cies M. domestica, L. cuprina e C. megacephala e aumentado em C. putoria. O peso pupal foi reduzido na maioria das esp?cies com exce??o de C. putoria que teve ele aumentado e n?o houve altera??o na propor??o sexual nas esp?cies estudadas.