Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-07-18T15:49:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 monikamirandadeoliveira.pdf: 602747 bytes, checksum: 88c8d853dfcfb17dfd0abbf3d03e354f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-22T15:10:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 monikamirandadeoliveira.pdf: 602747 bytes, checksum: 88c8d853dfcfb17dfd0abbf3d03e354f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-22T15:10:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 monikamirandadeoliveira.pdf: 602747 bytes, checksum: 88c8d853dfcfb17dfd0abbf3d03e354f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-31 / Estudos seminais acerca das afasias (Jackson, 1931; Goldstein, 1939 e 1948) espraiam a visão de que o comportamento linguístico de pessoas com afasia pode ser visto, no mínimo em parte, como uma manifestação da adaptação aos efeitos da lesão subjacente, ao invés de simplesmente ser uma reflexão direta dessa lesão. Alinhando-se a esse modo de entender as manifestações linguísticas de pessoas com afasia, o presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar o fenômeno da perspectiva no discurso reportado direto de uma pessoa com afasia, que apresenta dificuldade de estruturação de enunciados. Tendo como ponto de partida a tese de Penn (1997), que se vincula a uma abordagem interacional, de que o uso do discurso direto por falantes com afasia consiste em uma ‘estratégia de simplificação’, desenha-se aqui uma interface entre as vertentes cognitiva e interacional em linguística, em busca de fundamentações teóricas que se pautam em estudos da vertente da Linguística Cognitiva (Sanders, 1994; Sanders e Redeker, 1996), para sustentar tal tese. Ademais, contribuições de abordagens interacionais (Wilkinson et al., 2010; Schely-Newman, 2009; Hengst et al., 2005; Tannen, 1989), fomentam um desvio do foco das investigações para o contexto interacional, de modo a possibilitar uma melhor compreensão do fenômeno da perspectiva no discurso direto de uma pessoa com afasia em situações conversacionais. O material linguístico qualitativamente analisado neste estudo de caso faz parte de um corpus composto por aproximadamente 15 horas de gravações em vídeo de conversas face a face em grupo entre pessoas com e sem afasia, transcritas de acordo com as convenções de transcrição propostas por Gail Jefferson. A partir da análise de excertos recortados das conversas selecionadas para investigação, a tese interacional motivadora desta pesquisa foi corroborada cognitivamente; além disso, ainda mediante fundamentos da vertente cognitiva, foi possível investigar construções de configurações cognitivas do fenômeno da perspectiva no uso do discurso reportado direto por uma pessoa com afasia. No que tange às contribuições da vertente interacional para as investigações empreendidas, a partir delas, foi possível (i) ampliar a visão desse objeto de estudo (perspectiva), de modo a verificar que no uso da linguagem, além da perspectiva do personagem (em pauta nos estudos cognitivistas), a perspectiva do narrador (aquele que faz uso do discurso reportado) também se torna relevante, bem como (ii) fazer intervir nas interpretações diversos benefícios interacionais. / Seminal studies regarding aphasias (Jackson, 1931; Goldstein, 1939 e 1948) spread the idea that linguistic behavior of aphasic people can be seen, at least in part, as a manifestation of the adaptation to the effects of the underlying lesion, instead of simply being a direct reflex of such lesion. In accordance with such way of understanding aphasic people linguistic manifestation, the current study aims to investigate the phenomenon of perspective in the direct reported speech of an aphasic person, who presents difficulty of utterances structuration. Taking as a starting point Penn’s theory (1997), linked to an interactional approach in which the use of direct speech by aphasic speakers consists in a ‘simplification strategy’, it is established here an interface between cognitive and interactional slopes in linguistics, searching for theoretical groundings based on Cognitive Linguistics slope studies (Sanders, 1994; Sanders e Redeker, 1996), in order to support such theory. Besides, the contribution of interactional approaches (Wilkinson et al., 2010; Schely-Newman, 2009; Hengst et al., 2005; Tannen, 1989) instigates a detour of the investigation focus towards the interactional context in order to permit a better comprehension of perspective phenomenon of an aphasic person direct speech in conversational situations. Linguistic material qualitatively analyzed in this case study is part of a corpus composed of 15 hours of video recordings of face to face group conversations between aphasic and non-aphasic people, transcript according to transcription conventions proposed by Gail Jefferson. Starting from the analysis of excerpts clipped from conversations chosen for investigation, the motivating interactional thesis of this research was cognitively corroborated; besides, still through cognitive slope groundings, it was possible to investigate cognitive configuration constructions of perspective phenomenon in the use of direct reported speech by an aphasic person. Regarding interactional slope contributions to the undertaken investigations, starting from them, it was possible to broaden the vision on this object of study (perspective), in order to verify that in the use of language, besides character’s perspective (on the agenda of cognitive studies) narrator’s perspective (the one that uses reported speech) also becomes relevant, bringing several interactional benefits to interpretation.

Abstract This study examines stories as they appear in everyday conversation, focusing on the high degree of parallelism observed in them. Such parallelism is shown to be a vehicle of stance taking in interaction. Stance taking is here viewed as a highly intersubjective and interactive, public, multi-layered activity, which involves words, linguistic structures, voices, the body and the surrounding environment, and is embedded in the sequential organisation of social interaction. Stance taking involves various types of resonance between two interaction participants and also between the interactional turns of one participant. The concept of resonance is treated as the process of activating affinity across dialogic turns of talk within a telling or a series of tellings. The present study uses both audio and video recordings of naturally-occuring everyday interactions as data. The study first shows that voiced direct reported speech (DRS) utterances displaying a shared stance are an appropriate response to prior voiced DRS utterances and that a sequence of subsequent resonant voiced DRS utterances is an orderly phenomenon in interaction and a sequentially relevant practice of stance taking. Secondly, the study explicates the way in which participants use resonant words, structures, voicing and embodiment, and implicate the surrounding environment in constructing a reporting space. The reporting space enables and invites active participation in the form of multimodal enactments from all the participants of the telling event to the overall stance-taking activity within the storytelling sequence. Thirdly, the study details the use of resonating formal storytelling elements functioning as a resource for stance taking, e.g. the preface of a second telling by second tellers ties back to the preface and the high point of a prior telling. Finally, the study examines the way in which multiple actions, such as troubles telling, delivering news, giving an explanation and requesting advice, are accomplished via repeated tellings of a story in different interactional contexts. Similar structural units of such tellings resonate in form, whereas some lexico-syntactic details of these units vary according to the social actions that are being accomplished via the tellings, according to the engagement of the recipient in the telling and to the physical circumstances of the telling. / Tiivistelmä Tutkimus tarkastelee arkikertomuksissa ilmeneviä parallellismin muotoja ja sitä miten nämä rakentavat vuorovaikutuksellista asennoitumistoimintaa. Asennoituminen nähdään monisäikeisenä intersubjektiivisena ja interaktiivisena toimintana, joka rakentuu puhujien sanojen, kielellisten rakenteiden, äänen ja kehon keinoin. Samanaikaisesti se rakentuu vuorovaikutuksen sosiaalisten toimintojen ja niiden sekventiaalisen järjestyksen tuloksena. Asennoitumistoimintaa ilmentää eriasteinen resonanssi pääasiassa eri puhujien mutta myös yhden puhujan eri vuorojen välillä: Puhujan resonoiva vuoro sitoo sen edellisen arkikertomuksen tai arkikertomussarjan vuoroihin aktivoiden näin yhtäläisyyden vuorojen välillä. Ilmiöitä tarkastellaan vuorovaikutuslingvistiikan ja keskustelunanalyysin menetelmin. Tutkimuksen aineisto koostuu englannin- ja suomenkielisistä äänitetyistä ja videoiduista arkikeskusteluista. Tutkimus osoittaa, että kertomistapahtumaan osallistuvat puhujat tuottavat kertomusten huippukohdissa kohosteisia referointivuoroja vastauksina aiempien kertojien kohosteisiin referointivuoroihin. Puhujat ilmaisevat tällä tavalla asennoitumistaan yhtäältä kerronnan sisältöön ja toisaalta edeltävien vuorojen ilmentämään asennoitumistoimintaan. Tutkimuksessa kartoitetaan myös sitä, miten puhujat rakentavat asennoitumista sanojen, kielellisten rakenteiden, prosodian ja kehollisten keinojen avulla. Kertomusten huippukohdissa puhujat referoivat roolihenkilöitä puheen lisäksi myös kehollisin keinoin, mitä tutkimuksessa kutsutaan roolissa toimimiseksi. Vastaanottajat voivat vastata asettumalla itsekin rooliin. He osoittavat ymmärtävänsä kertojan näkökulman tuottamalla kertomuksen sisältöön ja kertojan ilmentämiin asenteisiin sopivia samanlinjaisia lisävuoroja. Edelleen tutkimus kuvailee nk. toisen kertomuksen kielellisiä, prosodisia ja kehollisia elementtejä, jotka resonoivat edeltävän kertomuksen vuorojen elementtien kanssa ja joiden avulla asennoitumistoiminta rakentuu. Kertojat viittaavat toisen kertomuksen vuoroillaan edellisen kertomuksen vuoroihin aktivoiden yhtäläisyyksiä yhtäältä kyseisten resonoivien vuorojen ja toisaalta edeltävän ja toisen kertomuksen asennoitumistoimintojen välillä. Lisäksi tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan samansisältöisiä peräkkäisiä arkikertomuksia, jotka on tuotettu eri vastaanottajille. Kertoja tuottaa samansisältöisten kertomusten avulla eri toimintoja vastaanottajasta ja vuorovaikutusympäristöstä riippuen. Kertomusten välillä on resonoivia rakenteellisia yhtäläisyyksiä, mutta ne myös poikkeavat toisistaan sosiaalisen toiminnon sekä vastaanottajan sitoutumisen asteen ja ympäröivien olosuhteiden mukaan.